Spring Boot 1.4测试的简单理解

首先maven要引入spring-boot-starter-test这个包。

先看一段代码

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment=WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)

public class MyTest {

        @Autowired

    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    @Test 

  public void test() {

        this.restTemplate.getForEntity( 

           "/{username}/vehicle", String.class, "Phil");

    }

}

1、@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) 告诉JUnit运行使用Spring的测试支持。SpringRunner是SpringJUnit4ClassRunner的新名字，这个名字只是让名字看起来简单些。

2、@SpringBootTest的意思是“带有Spring Boot支持的引导程序”（例如，加载应用程序、属性，为我们提供Spring Boot的所有精华部分）。

3、webEnvironment属性允许为测试配置特定的“网络环境”。你可以利用一个MOCK小服务程序环境开始你的测试，或者使用一个运行在RANDOM_PORT 或者 DEFINED_PORT上的真正的HTTP服务器。

4、如果我们想要加载一个特定的配置，我们可以用@SpringBootTest class属性。在这个实例中，我们省略classes就意味着测试要首次尝试从任意一个inner-classes中加载@ configuration，如果这个尝试失败了，它会在你主要的@SpringBootApplicationclass中进行搜索。

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

其中IndexController是你写的controller

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes = Application.class)
public class IndexTest {

    private MockMvc mvc;

    @Autowired
    private IndexController indexController;

    @Before
    public void setup() {
        this.mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(indexController).build();
    }

    @Test
    public void t() throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(mvc);

        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/h").
                accept(MediaType.parseMediaType("application/json;charset=UTF-8")))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());

    }
}

这个是第二种测试方法：

package com.hexun.bdc.auth.controller;

import com.hexun.bdc.auth.client.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.AutoConfigureMockMvc;
import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebMvcTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

/**
 * Created by iceblue on 2017/3/26.
webEnvironment=RANDOM_PORT表示启动服务时端口随机（避免端口冲突）
 */

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT, classes = Application.class)
@AutoConfigureMockMvc
public class IndexControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    protected MockMvc mvc;

    @LocalServerPort // 注入端口
    private Integer port;

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IndexControllerTest.class);

    @Test
    public void t() throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(mvc);

        logger.info("# port:" + port.toString());

        assertThat(this.restTemplate.getForObject("http://localhost:" + port + "/h",
                String.class)).contains("hello");
//        mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/h"))
//                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }

}

是第三种测试方法，直接利用TestRestTemplate类

package com.hexun.bdc.auth.controller;

import com.hexun.bdc.auth.client.Application;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertNotNull;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT,classes = Application.class)
public class IndexTest2 {

    @Autowired
    private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(IndexTest2.class);

    @Test
    public void t() throws Exception {
        assertNotNull(restTemplate);
        String body = this.restTemplate.getForObject("/h", String.class);
        System.out.println("body = " + body);
        logger.info("body = " + body);

    }

}