python操作Excel、openpyxl 之图表，折线图、饼图、柱状图等

一、准备

• 需要模块：
  
  from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
  
  from openpyxl.chart import Series,LineChart, Reference

1.1 建表，画图

• openpyxl支持利用工作表中单元格的数据，创建条形图、折线图、散点图等

• 步骤：

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.create_sheet("{0}蒸汽压力记录表".format("样品名称"), 0)

1. 从将表格中涉及的要画图的数据使用：Reference 创建一个对象
   
   比如：我选取 data = Reference(ws, min_col=5, min_row=4, max_col=10, max_row=4)
   
   参数含义：ws 一个活跃的sheet，数据来源。可以使用ws = wb.active 获取
   
   其他的就是指定这个表中的行列数据了：起始行、起始列、终止行、终止列

2. 通过传入Reference对象，创建一个Series对象

3. 创建一个Chart对象

4. 可选择的设置Chart对象的长（drawing.height）、宽（drawing.width）、坐标位置（drawing.top、drawing.left）。

5. 将Chart对象添加到Worksheet对象。

chart = LineChart()  #图表对象

data = Reference(ws, min_col=5, min_row=4, max_col=10, max_row=4) #涉及数据

seriesObj = Series(data, title='压力')  #创建series对象

chart.append(seriesObj)  #添加到chart中

ws.add_chart(chart, "A6") #将图表添加到 sheet中

1.2 其他方式画图

• 一个饼图

from openpyxl import load_workbook
from openpyxl import Workbook
from openpyxl.chart import BarChart, Reference, Series

wb = load_workbook('e:\\sample.xlsx')
ws1=wb.active

wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
for i in range(10):
    ws.append([i])

values = Reference(ws, min_col=1, min_row=1, max_col=1, max_row=10)
chart = BarChart()
chart.add_data(values)
ws.add_chart(chart, "E15")

# Save the file
wb.save("e:\\sample.xlsx")

3.1.2 作者最近一个项目用的到图,可做参考 画两个图，每个图30万数据量


• 说明：
  
  enity 参数是我从数据库，通过sqlalchemy查询出来的一个实体对象，
  
  recordList 是我每次试验产生的数据列，每个数据列30万数据左右

import sys
import uuid
import string
import json
import time
import random
import os
import base64

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Side, Border
from openpyxl.drawing import image
from openpyxl.chart import Series,LineChart, Reference
from openpyxl.chart.axis import DateAxis

# path = os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(__file__))
# sys.path.insert(0,path)
from Lib.Utils import Utils

class ExportReport:

    def __init__(self,entity, recordList,**kwargs):
        """

        :param entity: 记录对象
        :param recordList: 记录["压力","电流"]列表
        :param kwargs:
        """
        self.entity = entity
        self.record_list = recordList
        self.status_all = ["未完成", "成功", "<2070kpa"]
        self.data_head = ["start_time","experiment_user_name","material_name", "experiment_type","is_success", "time_cost","test_count"]
        self.base_info_list = ["试验日期","试验人", "样品名称", "试验类型", "试验状态", "耗费时间","试验次数"]
        self.wb = Workbook()

        self.ws = self.wb.create_sheet("{0}试验记录表".format(self.entity.material_name), 0)
        #生成头部所含列总数的大写字母
        self.header_upper_string_list = string.ascii_uppercase[:len(self.base_info_list)]
        # 水平对齐，居中对齐
        self.alignment_style = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
        #定义border 边框样式
        left, right, top, bottom = [Side(style='thin', color='000000')]*4
        self.border_style = Border(left=left, right=right, top=top, bottom=bottom)
        #定义字体
        self.font_size = Font(size=9)
        for col in self.header_upper_string_list :
            self.ws.column_dimensions[col].width = 25

    #单元格样式字体调整
    def cell_set(self, cellObj, fontSzie=12, alignmentStyle=None):
        alignmentStyle = alignmentStyle if alignmentStyle else self.alignment_style
        cellObj.alignment = alignmentStyle #对齐方式
        cellObj.font = Font(size=fontSzie, bold=True) #字体

    #单元格样式字体居中
    def cell_textalign_center(self,cellObj):
        cellObj.alignment = self.alignment_style

    #创建表头第一行
    def create_row1(self):
        #把1、2行所有列合并
        self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=1, end_row=2, start_column=1, end_column=self.base_info_list.__len__())
        #写入值
        self.ws.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "{0}试验记录表".format(self.entity.material_name)
        self.cell_set(self.ws['A1'], 16)
        self.create_row3_4()
        self.create_row7_8()

    def create_row3_4(self):
        for col in range(1, len(self.base_info_list)+1):
            self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=3, end_row=4, start_column=col, end_column=col)
            col_str = self.header_upper_string_list[col-1]+"3"
            self.ws[col_str] = self.base_info_list[col-1]
            self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])
        #合并 5 6 两行单元格
        for col in range(1, len(self.base_info_list)+1):
            self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=5, end_row=6, start_column=col, end_column=col)

    def create_row7_8(self):
        dataNum = ["序号", "压力", "电流"]
        for col in range(1, 4):
            self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=7, end_row=8, start_column=col, end_column=col)
            col_str = "ABCD"[col-1]+"7"
            self.ws[col_str] = dataNum[col-1]
            self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])

    def timeStampToUTC8(self,timeStamp):
        return time.strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime(timeStamp/1000))

    def add_data(self):
        #第五行开始写入数据,所有数据居中对齐，水平居中
        # 字符为A/B，第五行
        for i,v in enumerate(self.data_head):
            cur_v = getattr(self.entity,v)
            if v == "experiment_type":
                cur_v = ["样品试验","参考品试验","时间/压力试验"][cur_v]
            if v == "is_success":
                cur_v = ["异常","计时","<2070kPa"][cur_v]
            self.ws[self.header_upper_string_list[i]+"5"] = cur_v
        for i in self.header_upper_string_list:
            col_str = i +"5"
            self.cell_textalign_center(self.ws[col_str])
        for idx, data in enumerate(self.record_list[0]):
            col_str = "A{}".format(9+idx)
            self.ws[col_str] = idx
            self.cell_textalign_center(self.ws[col_str])
            col_str = "B{}".format(9 + idx)
            self.ws[col_str] = data
            self.cell_textalign_center(self.ws[col_str])
            col_str = "C{}".format(9 + idx)
            self.ws[col_str] = self.record_list[1][idx]
            self.cell_textalign_center(self.ws[col_str])
        self.draw_line_chart()

    #画折线图
    def draw_line_chart(self):
        self.chart = LineChart()
        self.chart.title = "压力变化记录折线图"
        self.chart.style = 2
        self.chart.width = 36
        self.chart.height = 20
        self.chart.y_axis.title = "压力kpa"
        # self.chart.y_axis.crossAx = 500
        # self.chart.x_axis = DateAxis(crossAx=100)
        # self.chart.x_axis.number_format = '%H:%M:%S'
        # self.chart.x_axis.majorTimeUnit = "days"
        self.chart.x_axis.title = "序号"
        #选中要画图的数据列(Y轴)
        data1 = Reference(
            self.ws,
            min_col=2,
            min_row=8,
            max_col=2,
            max_row=len(self.record_list[0])+8
        )
        seriesObj1 = Series(data1, title='压力值')
        self.chart.append(seriesObj1)
        # self.chart.add_data(data, titles_from_data=True)
        #指定X轴选取的数据列(还可以有时间-日期格式,这儿作者就不演示了)
        dates = Reference(self.ws, min_col=1, min_row=8, max_row=len(self.record_list[0])+8)
        self.chart.set_categories(dates)
        self.ws.add_chart(self.chart, "D7")

    def draw_electric_cur(self):
        self.chart = LineChart()
        self.chart.title = "电流记录折线图"
        self.chart.style = 2
        self.chart.width = 36
        self.chart.height = 20
        self.chart.y_axis.title = "电流A"
        # self.chart.y_axis.crossAx = 500
        # self.chart.x_axis.crossAx = -5
        # self.chart.x_axis = DateAxis(crossAx=100)
        # self.chart.x_axis.number_format = '%H:%M:%S'
        # self.chart.x_axis.majorTimeUnit = "days"
        self.chart.x_axis.title = "序号"
        #设定坐标系内，Y轴最大、最小值
        # self.chart.y_axis.scaling.min = self.min_diff-0.1
        # self.chart.y_axis.scaling.max = self.max_diff+0.1
        data3 = Reference(
            self.ws,
            min_col=3,
            min_row=8,
            max_col=3,
            max_row=len(self.record_list[1])+8
        )
        seriesObj3 = Series(data3, title='电流')
        self.chart.append(seriesObj3)
        dates = Reference(self.ws, min_col=1, min_row=8, max_row=len(self.record_list[1]) + 8)
        self.chart.set_categories(dates)
        self.ws.add_chart(self.chart, "D49")

    def create(self,value=None):
        if value:
            self.ws.cell(row=1, column=1).value = value
        self.create_row1()
        self.add_data()
        self.draw_line_chart()
        if self.entity.experiment_type!=2:
            self.draw_electric_cur()

    def save(self, filename):
        try:
            self.wb.save(filename)
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            self.wb.save(filename[:-5] + str('_' + Utils.getFileName()) + filename[-5:])
        # 关闭excel
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        self.wb.close()

class TestObj:

    def __init__(self):
        self.test_list = ["start_time","experiment_user_name","material_name", "experiment_type","is_success", "time_cost","test_count"]

if __name__ == '__main__':
    t = TestObj()
    for idx,para in enumerate(t.test_list):
        t.__setattr__(para,idx)
    record_list = [
        [random.randrange(i,i+10) for i in range(100)],
        [random.random() for j in range(150)]
    ]
    export = ExportReport(t,record_list)
    export.create()
    export.save("127.xlsx")

3.1.3 作者最近工作用的一个图

import uuid
import string
import json
import time
import os
import base64

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook
from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Side, Border
from openpyxl.drawing import image
from openpyxl.chart import Series,LineChart, Reference

from Lib.Utils import Utils

class ExportReport:

    def __init__(self, start_time, water_temp, test_people,
                 sample_name, pressure_value, pressure_list,*args, **kwargs):
        """

        :param start_time: 实验开始时间
        :param water_temp: 水浴温度
        :param test_people: 试验人
        :param sample_name: 样品名称
        :param pressure_value: 最终压力
        :param args: 实验过程压力记录列表
        :param kwargs:
        """
        self.start_time = start_time
        self.water_temp = str(water_temp)+' ℃'
        self.test_people = test_people
        self.sample_name = sample_name
        self.pressure_value = pressure_value
        self.all_col = 5+len(pressure_list) #一共多少列
        self.pressure_record = pressure_list #第六列到最后一列的数据列表
        self.image_path = kwargs.get('imgPath', None)  #图片路径
        #所有的数据列
        self.data_list = [
            self.start_time, self.water_temp,
            self.test_people,self.sample_name,
            self.pressure_value
        ]
        self.data_list.extend(self.pressure_record)
        self.col_list = ["开始时间", "水浴温度", "测试人", "样品名称", "最终压力值"]

        # base64转化为图片
        # self.bs64 = bs64
        # self.img_path = Utils.change_base64_as_img(self.bs64)

        self.wb = Workbook()
        #self.wb.remove(self.wb["sheet"])

        self.ws = self.wb.create_sheet("{0}蒸汽压力记录表".format(self.sample_name), 0)
        #生成所含列总数的大写字母
        self.upper_string_list = string.ascii_uppercase[:self.all_col]
        # 水平对齐，居中对齐
        self.alignment_style = Alignment(horizontal='center', vertical='center')
        #定义border 边框样式
        left, right, top, bottom = [Side(style='thin', color='000000')]*4
        self.border_style = Border(left=left, right=right, top=top, bottom=bottom)
        #定义字体
        self.font_size = Font(size=9)
        for col in self.upper_string_list:
            self.ws.column_dimensions[col].width = 20

    #单元格样式字体调整
    def cell_set(self, cellObj, fontSzie=12, alignmentStyle=None):
        alignmentStyle = alignmentStyle if alignmentStyle else self.alignment_style
        cellObj.alignment = alignmentStyle
        cellObj.font = Font(size=fontSzie, bold=True)

    #创建表头第一行
    def create_row1(self):
        #把所有列合并
        self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=1, end_row=1, start_column=1, end_column=self.all_col)
        #写入值
        # self.ws.cell(row=1, column=1).value = value
        self.ws.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "{0}蒸汽压力记录表".format(self.sample_name)
        # self.ws['A1'].alignment = self.alignment_style
        # self.ws['A1'].font = Font(size=16, bold=True)
        self.cell_set(self.ws['A1'], 16)
        self.create_row2_3()

    def create_row2_3(self):
        #把前五列，二三行单元格合并，并写入值
        for col in range(1, len(self.col_list)+1):
            self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, end_row=3, start_column=col, end_column=col)
            col_str = self.upper_string_list[col-1]+"2"
            self.ws[col_str] = self.col_list[col-1]
            # self.ws[col_str].alignment = self.alignment_style
            # self.ws[col_str].font = Font(size=12, bold=True)
            self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])

        #把第二行第六列开始到最后列合并
        self.ws.merge_cells(start_row=2, end_row=2, start_column=len(self.col_list)+1, end_column=self.all_col)
        col_str = self.upper_string_list[len(self.col_list)]+"2"
        self.ws[col_str] = "实验过程压力记录"
        # self.ws[col_str].alignment = self.alignment_style
        # self.ws[col_str].font = Font(size=12, bold=True)
        self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])

        #第三行第六列开始到最后列写入值
        for index, col_ltr in enumerate(self.upper_string_list[len(self.col_list):]):
            col_str = col_ltr+'3'
            self.ws[col_str] = "第{0}次压力记录".format(index+1)
            # self.ws[col_str].alignment = self.alignment_style
            # self.ws[col_str].font = Font(size=12, bold=True)
            self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])

    def add_data(self):
        #第四行开始写入数据,所有数据居中对齐，水平居中
        for index, col in enumerate(self.upper_string_list):
            col_str = col+"4"
            self.ws[col_str] = self.data_list[index]
            # self.ws[col_str].alignment = self.alignment_style
            # self.ws[col_str].font = Font(size=12, bold=True)
            self.cell_set(self.ws[col_str])

    #画折线图
    def draw_line_chart(self):
        data_col = self.ws["{0}:{1}".format(self.upper_string_list[len(self.col_list)]+"3",self.upper_string_list[-1]+"3" )]
        self.chart = LineChart()
        self.chart.width = 21.2
        self.chart.height = 8
        self.chart.style = 2 ##线条的style,Max value is 48   2 10
        self.chart.title = "压力记录图"
        self.chart.y_axis.title = "压力值"
        self.chart.x_axis.title = "压力测量次数"
        #从活动表中关联压力记录次数数据， 第六行到第10行
        data = Reference(
            self.ws,
            min_col=len(self.col_list)+1,
            min_row=4,
            max_col=self.all_col,
            max_row=4
        )
        #将数据添加到系列中
        seriesObj = Series(data, title='压力')
        format_str = "第{0}次记录:/n压力：{1}".format(seriesObj.xVal,seriesObj.yVal)
        # seriesObj.labels
        self.chart.append(seriesObj)
        # self.chart.add_data(data, from_rows=False)
        # style = self.chart.series[0]
        # style.smooth = True
        self.ws.add_chart(self.chart, "A6")

    def create(self,value=None):
        if value:
            self.ws.cell(row=1, column=1).value = value
        self.create_row1()
        self.add_data()
        self.draw_line_chart()

    def save(self, filename):
        try:
            self.wb.save(filename)
        except:
            self.wb.save(filename[:-5] + str('_' + Utils.getFileName()) + filename[-5:])

        # 关闭excel
        self.close()

    def close(self):
        self.wb.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    er = ExportReport(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, [17, 15, 19, 13,24])
    er.create()
    er.wb.save('17表.xlsx')