Django, urls的参数name的demo

Django的路由变化

遇到需要修改路由的需求，特别记录一下

项目开始

django-admin startproject sandboxOA. # 外部文件夹可以改变名字, '.'的意思是上一级不需要再添加一个sandboxOA文件

创建应用

python manager.py startapp blog

blog的配置

在应用中增加一个urls.py的路由配置， name 的配置主要是这里的这三个，nba， lakers, rockets

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [  #也要放到urlpatterns 变量中
    path('',views.book, name='book'), #/book
    path('detail/<int:book_id>/',views.book_detail, name='book2'), #主urls.py会跟这个进行拼接  注意不要多加/
    path('list/',views.book_list),    # 'list/'前面没有/
    path('nba', views.NBA_views),
    path('lakers/win', views.lakers_views, name="lakers"),  # 给路由取一个别名
    path(r'rockets/<int:num>/', views.rockets_views, name="rockets")
]

在blog/views.py中编写代码

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpResponse

# Create your views here.

def hello(request):
    return HttpResponse('欢迎使用Django！')

def book(request):
    return HttpResponse('欢迎使用Django！')

def book_detail(request, book_id):
    text = '图书的id是:%s' % book_id
    return HttpResponse(text)

def book_list(request):
    return HttpResponse("图书列表页")

def index(request):
    return render(request, 'book.html')

def NBA_views(request):
    return render(request, "NBA.html")

def lakers_views(request):
    return render(request, "lakers.html")

def rockets_views(request, num):
    print(num)
    # return HttpResponse("火箭列表页")
    return render(request, "rockets.html")

在根项目中编写代码

setting.py 配置 缺少一个db得配置

"""
Django settings for sandboxOA project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.2.5.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path
import os

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent # 这个是当前目录

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'django-insecure-rzx-%k2dkfb8^il2z6^)u72#6ov$1v@rt+k-fu6x^%qg8aq#sj'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True
# DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 修改后，表示任何域名都能访问。如果指定域名的话，在''里放入指定的域名即可

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'blog' # 注册一个app应用
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'sandboxOA.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'templates')],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'sandboxOA.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#databases

# DATABASES = {
#     'default': {
#         'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
#         'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
#     }
# }

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
    },
    {
        'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
    },
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' # 语言修改为中文

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' # 时区改为上海

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'

# 配置出一个静态文件路径
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static"),
]

#设置文件上传路径，图片上传、文件上传都会存放在此目录里
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')
# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'

根项目下的 urls.py

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

# 对于处理静态文件如图片，CSS和文本非常重要
from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.static import static
from . import views
from django.conf.urls import url

urlpatterns = [
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
    path('blog/', include('blog.urls'))
]

handler404 = views.page_not_found # 增加404

templates文件夹的下的html

NBA.html

<!-- NBA.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>体育新闻</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>
        <a href="{% url 'lakers' %}">去湖人队看看</a>
    </h2>
    <h2>
        <a href="{% url 'rockets' 34 %}">去火箭队看看</a>
    </h2>
</body>
</html>

lakers.html

<!-- lakers.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>湖人队</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>The Los Angeles lakers</h1>
</body>
</html>

rockets.html

<!-- lakers.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>火箭队</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Houston Rockets!!!!!!!!!!!</h1>
</body>
</html>

这时候 运行django, 就可以看到，name的变化，可以在blog/urls.py 随意的改变 的前置了

改变一下urls

完。