Python异步爬虫（aiohttp版）

异步协程不太了解的话可以去看我上篇博客：https://www.cnblogs.com/Red-Sun/p/16934843.html

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1.requests请求

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/12/6 16:03
# @Author  : 红后
# @Email   : not_enabled@163.com
# @blog    : https://www.cnblogs.com/Red-Sun
# @File    : 实例1.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import aiohttp, asyncio

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.request("GET", url=url) as response:
        return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

async def main():  # 主函数用于异步函数的启动
    url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
    html = await aiohttp_requests(url)  # await修饰异步函数
    print(html)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main())

2.session请求

GET：

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/12/6 16:33
# @Author  : 红后
# @Email   : not_enabled@163.com
# @blog    : https://www.cnblogs.com/Red-Sun
# @File    : 实例2.py
# @Software: PyCharm
import aiohttp, asyncio

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:  # 声明了一个支持异步的上下文管理器
        async with session.get(url) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

async def main():  # 主函数用于异步函数的启动
    url = 'https://www.baidu.com'
    html = await aiohttp_requests(url)  # await修饰异步函数
    print(html)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
    loop.run_until_complete(main())

其中aiohttp还有post，put, delete...等一系列请求（PS：一般情况下只需要创建一个session，然后使用这个session执行所有的请求。）

PSOT：传参

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        data = {'key': 'value'}
        async with session.post(url=url, data=data) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

PS：这种传参传递的数据将会被转码，如果不想被转码可以直接提交字符串data=str(data)

附：关于session请求数据修改操作

1.cookies

自定义cookies应该放在ClientSession中，而不是session.get()中

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    cookies = {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession(cookies=cookies) as session:
        async with session.get(url) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

2.headers

放在自定义的headers跟正常的requests一样放在session.get()中

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        headers = {'USER_AGENT': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/106.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
        async with session.get(url=url, headers=headers) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

3.timeout

默认响应时间为5分钟，通过timeout可以重新设定，其放在session.get()中

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url=url, timeout=60) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

4.proxy

当然代理也是支持的在session.get()中配置

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url=url, proxy="http://some.proxy.com") as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

需要授权的代理

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        proxy_auth = aiohttp.BasicAuth('user', 'pass')  # 用户，密码
        async with session.get(url=url, proxy="http://some.proxy.com", proxy_auth=proxy_auth) as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

或者

async def aiohttp_requests(url):  # aiohttp的requests函数
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        async with session.get(url=url, proxy='http://user:pass@some.proxy.com') as response:
            return await response.text(encoding='UTF-8')

报错处理

错误：RuntimeError: Event loop is closed

报错原因是使用了asyncio.run(main())来运行程序

看到别个大佬的总结是asyncio.run()会自动关闭循环,并且调用_ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__报错, 而asyncio.run_until_complete()不会。

第一种解决方法换成如下代码运行

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()
loop.run_until_complete(main())

第二种重写方法以保证run()的运行

from functools import wraps

from asyncio.proactor_events import _ProactorBasePipeTransport

def silence_event_loop_closed(func):
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs):
        try:
            return func(self, *args, **kwargs)
        except RuntimeError as e:
            if str(e) != 'Event loop is closed':
                raise
    return wrapper

_ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__ = silence_event_loop_closed(_ProactorBasePipeTransport.__del__)