[TimLinux] scrapy 在Windows平台的安装

1. 安装Python

这个不去细说，官网直接下载，安装即可，我自己选择的版本是 Python 3.6.5 x86_64bit windows版本。

2. 配置PATH

我用的windows 10系统，操作步骤，‘此电脑’ 上鼠标右键，选择 ’属性’， 在弹出的面板中，选择 ‘高级系统设置’， 新窗口中点击 ’高级‘ 标签页，然后点击 ’环境变量‘， 在用户环境变量中，选中 path（没有就添加），然后把：C:\Python365\Scripts;C:\Python365;添加到该变量值中即可。

3. 安装scrapy

采用的安装方式为pip， 在打开的cmd窗口中，输入： pip install scrapy，这时候估计会遇到如下错误:

    building 'twisted.test.raiser' extension
    error: Microsoft Visual C++ 14.0 is required. Get it with "Microsoft Visual C++ Build Tools": 
    http://landinghub.visualstudio.com/visual-cpp-build-tools

    ----------------------------------------
Command "C:\Python365\python.exe -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='C:\\Users\\admin\\AppData\\Local
\\Temp\\pip-install-fkvobf_0\\Twisted\\setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace(
'\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local
\Temp\pip-record-6z5m4wfj\install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" 
failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\admin\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fkvobf_0\Twisted\

这是因为没有安装 visual studio c++ 2015, 但是其实我们不需要，另外这里给出的链接也不是正确可以访问的链接，这时候大家可以到这个网站上去下载 Twisted 的whl文件来直接安装即可：

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#twisted

在这个页面，大家可以选择合适的包进行下载（我选的是：Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl）：

Twisted, an event-driven networking engine.
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp27‑cp27m‑win32.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp27‑cp27m‑win_amd64.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp34‑cp34m‑win32.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp34‑cp34m‑win_amd64.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp35‑cp35m‑win32.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp35‑cp35m‑win_amd64.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp36‑cp36m‑win32.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp36‑cp36m‑win_amd64.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp37‑cp37m‑win32.whl
Twisted‑18.7.0‑cp37‑cp37m‑win_amd64.whl

下载完成之后，执行：pip install Twisted-18.7.0-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl，这个步骤完成之后，继续执行：pip install scrapy，就能够完成剩余的安装任务了。

Installing collected packages: scrapy
Successfully installed scrapy-1.5.1

4. github库

学习、工作最好有跟踪，为此建立自己的github仓库：

　　https://github.com/timscm/myscrapy

5. 示例

官方文档上就给出了一简单的示例，这里不做解释，只是尝试是否能够正常运行。

https://docs.scrapy.org/en/latest/intro/tutorial.html

PS D:\pycharm\labs> scrapy
Scrapy 1.5.1 - no active project

Usage:
  scrapy <command> [options] [args]

Available commands:
  bench         Run quick benchmark test
  fetch         Fetch a URL using the Scrapy downloader
  genspider     Generate new spider using pre-defined templates
  runspider     Run a self-contained spider (without creating a project)
  settings      Get settings values
  shell         Interactive scraping console
  startproject  Create new project
  version       Print Scrapy version
  view          Open URL in browser, as seen by Scrapy

  [ more ]      More commands available when run from project directory

Use "scrapy <command> -h" to see more info about a command

5.1. 创建项目

PS D:\pycharm\labs> scrapy startproject tutorial .
New Scrapy project 'tutorial', using template directory 'c:\\python365\\lib\\site-packages\\scrapy\\templates\\project', created in:
    D:\pycharm\labs

You can start your first spider with:
    cd .
    scrapy genspider example example.com
PS D:\pycharm\labs> dir

    目录: D:\pycharm\labs

Mode                LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                -------------         ------ ----
d-----        2018/9/23     10:58                .idea
d-----        2018/9/23     11:46                tutorial
-a----        2018/9/23     11:05           1307 .gitignore
-a----        2018/9/23     11:05          11558 LICENSE
-a----        2018/9/23     11:05             24 README.md
-a----        2018/9/23     11:46            259 scrapy.cfg

5.2. 创建spider

文件结构如图所示：

tutorial/spiders/quotes_spider.py内容如下：

import scrapy

class QuotesSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = "quotes"

    def start_requests(self):
        urls = [
            'http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1/',
            'http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/',
        ]
        for url in urls:
            yield scrapy.Request(url=url, callback=self.parse)

    def parse(self, response):
        page = response.url.split("/")[-2]
        filename = 'quotes-%s.html' % page
        with open(filename, 'wb') as f:
            f.write(response.body)
        self.log('Saved file %s' % filename)

5.3. 运行

运行需要在cmd窗口中：

PS D:\pycharm\labs> scrapy crawl quotes
2018-09-23 11:51:41 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.1 started (bot: tutorial)
2018-09-23 11:51:41 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.2.5.0, libxml2 2.9.5, 
cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 18.7.0, Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, 
Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 18.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.0i  
14 Aug 2018), cryptography 2.3.1, Platform Windows-10-10.0.17134-SP0
2018-09-23 11:51:41 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME': 'tutorial', 
'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'tutorial.spiders', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['tutorial.spiders']}
2018-09-23 11:51:41 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
Unhandled error in Deferred:
2018-09-23 11:51:41 [twisted] CRITICAL: Unhandled error in Deferred:

2018-09-23 11:51:41 [twisted] CRITICAL:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1418, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = g.send(result)
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 80, in crawl
    self.engine = self._create_engine()
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 105, in _create_engine
    return ExecutionEngine(self, lambda _: self.stop())
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\engine.py", line 69, in __init__
    self.downloader = downloader_cls(crawler)
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\downloader\__init__.py", line 88, in __init__
    self.middleware = DownloaderMiddlewareManager.from_crawler(crawler)
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\middleware.py", line 58, in from_crawler
    return cls.from_settings(crawler.settings, crawler)
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\middleware.py", line 34, in from_settings
    mwcls = load_object(clspath)
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\utils\misc.py", line 44, in load_object
    mod = import_module(module)
  File "c:\python365\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 126, in import_module
    return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 994, in _gcd_import
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 971, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 955, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 665, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>", line 678, in exec_module
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 219, in _call_with_frames_removed
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\scrapy\downloadermiddlewares\retry.py", line 20, in <module>
    from twisted.web.client import ResponseFailed
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\twisted\web\client.py", line 41, in <module>
    from twisted.internet.endpoints import HostnameEndpoint, wrapClientTLS
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\endpoints.py", line 41, in <module>
    from twisted.internet.stdio import StandardIO, PipeAddress
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\stdio.py", line 30, in <module>
    from twisted.internet import _win32stdio
  File "c:\python365\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\_win32stdio.py", line 9, in <module>
    import win32api
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'win32api'
PS D:\pycharm\labs>

出错了，提升没有win32api，这是需要安装一个pypiwin32包：

PS D:\pycharm\labs> pip install pypiwin32
Collecting pypiwin32
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d0/1b/
　　　　2f292bbd742e369a100c91faa0483172cd91a1a422a6692055ac920946c5/
　　　　pypiwin32-223-py3-none-any.whl
Collecting pywin32>=223 (from pypiwin32)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/9f/9d/
　　　　f4b2170e8ff5d825cd4398856fee88f6c70c60bce0aa8411ed17c1e1b21f/
　　　　pywin32-223-cp36-cp36m-win_amd64.whl (9.0MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 9.0MB 1.1MB/s
Installing collected packages: pywin32, pypiwin32
Successfully installed pypiwin32-223 pywin32-223
PS D:\pycharm\labs>

然后再次运行：

PS D:\pycharm\labs> scrapy crawl quotes
2018-09-23 11:53:05 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Scrapy 1.5.1 started (bot: tutorial)
2018-09-23 11:53:05 [scrapy.utils.log] INFO: Versions: lxml 4.2.5.0, libxml2 2.9.5, 
cssselect 1.0.3, parsel 1.5.0, w3lib 1.19.0, Twisted 18.7.0, Python 3.6.5 (v3.6.5:f59c0932b4, 
Mar 28 2018, 17:00:18) [MSC v.1900 64 bit (AMD64)], pyOpenSSL 18.0.0 (OpenSSL 1.1.0i  
14 Aug 2018), cryptography 2.3.1, Platform Windows-10-10.0.17134-SP0
2018-09-23 11:53:05 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Overridden settings: {'BOT_NAME': 'tutorial', 
'NEWSPIDER_MODULE': 'tutorial.spiders', 'ROBOTSTXT_OBEY': True, 'SPIDER_MODULES': ['tutorial.spiders']}
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled extensions:
['scrapy.extensions.corestats.CoreStats',
 'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole',
 'scrapy.extensions.logstats.LogStats']
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled downloader middlewares:
['scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.robotstxt.RobotsTxtMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpauth.HttpAuthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.downloadtimeout.DownloadTimeoutMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry.RetryMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.MetaRefreshMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.redirect.RedirectMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.cookies.CookiesMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware',
 'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.stats.DownloaderStats']
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled spider middlewares:
['scrapy.spidermiddlewares.httperror.HttpErrorMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.offsite.OffsiteMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.referer.RefererMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.urllength.UrlLengthMiddleware',
 'scrapy.spidermiddlewares.depth.DepthMiddleware']
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.middleware] INFO: Enabled item pipelines:
[]
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider opened
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)
2018-09-23 11:53:06 [scrapy.extensions.telnet] DEBUG: Telnet console listening on 127.0.0.1:6023
2018-09-23 11:53:07 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (404) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/robots.txt> (referer: None)
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/1/> (referer: None)
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [quotes] DEBUG: Saved file quotes-1.html # Timlinux: 保存文件了
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [scrapy.core.engine] DEBUG: Crawled (200) <GET http://quotes.toscrape.com/page/2/> (referer: None)
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [quotes] DEBUG: Saved file quotes-2.html # Timlinux: 保存到文件了
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (finished)
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [scrapy.statscollectors] INFO: Dumping Scrapy stats:
{'downloader/request_bytes': 678,
 'downloader/request_count': 3,
 'downloader/request_method_count/GET': 3,
 'downloader/response_bytes': 5976,
 'downloader/response_count': 3,
 'downloader/response_status_count/200': 2,
 'downloader/response_status_count/404': 1,
 'finish_reason': 'finished',
 'finish_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 3, 53, 8, 822749),
 'log_count/DEBUG': 6,
 'log_count/INFO': 7,
 'response_received_count': 3,
 'scheduler/dequeued': 2,
 'scheduler/dequeued/memory': 2,
 'scheduler/enqueued': 2,
 'scheduler/enqueued/memory': 2,
 'start_time': datetime.datetime(2018, 9, 23, 3, 53, 6, 381170)}
2018-09-23 11:53:08 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Spider closed (finished)
PS D:\pycharm\labs>

咱们看下保存的文件:

内容：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Quotes to Scrape</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/bootstrap.min.css">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/static/main.css">
</head>
<body>
    <div class="container">
        <div class="row header-box">
很长，咱们就取这一小段吧。

5.4. 上传示例代码

$ git commit -m "init scrapy tutorial."
[master b1d6e1d] init scrapy tutorial.
 9 files changed, 259 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .idea/vcs.xml
 create mode 100644 scrapy.cfg
 create mode 100644 tutorial/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/items.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/middlewares.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/pipelines.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/settings.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/spiders/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tutorial/spiders/quotes_spider.py

$ git push
Counting objects: 14, done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads.
Compressing objects: 100% (12/12), done.
Writing objects: 100% (14/14), 4.02 KiB | 293.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 14 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0)
To https://github.com/timscm/myscrapy.git
   c7e93fc..b1d6e1d  master -> master