LeetCode 218. The Skyline Problem 天际线问题(C++/Java)
题目:
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city when viewed from a distance. Now suppose you are given the locations and height of all the buildings as shown on a cityscape photo (Figure A), write a program to output the skyline formed by these buildings collectively (Figure B).


The geometric information of each building is represented by a triplet of integers [Li, Ri, Hi], where Li and Ri are the x coordinates of the left and right edge of the ith building, respectively, and Hi is its height. It is guaranteed that 0 ≤ Li, Ri ≤ INT_MAX, 0 < Hi ≤ INT_MAX, and Ri - Li > 0. You may assume all buildings are perfect rectangles grounded on an absolutely flat surface at height 0.
For instance, the dimensions of all buildings in Figure A are recorded as: [ [2 9 10], [3 7 15], [5 12 12], [15 20 10], [19 24 8] ] .
The output is a list of "key points" (red dots in Figure B) in the format of [ [x1,y1], [x2, y2], [x3, y3], ... ] that uniquely defines a skyline. A key point is the left endpoint of a horizontal line segment. Note that the last key point, where the rightmost building ends, is merely used to mark the termination of the skyline, and always has zero height. Also, the ground in between any two adjacent buildings should be considered part of the skyline contour.
For instance, the skyline in Figure B should be represented as:[ [2 10], [3 15], [7 12], [12 0], [15 10], [20 8], [24, 0] ].
Notes:
- The number of buildings in any input list is guaranteed to be in the range
[0, 10000]. - The input list is already sorted in ascending order by the left x position
Li. - The output list must be sorted by the x position.
- There must be no consecutive horizontal lines of equal height in the output skyline. For instance,
[...[2 3], [4 5], [7 5], [11 5], [12 7]...]is not acceptable; the three lines of height 5 should be merged into one in the final output as such:[...[2 3], [4 5], [12 7], ...]
分析:
给定一组描述建筑物的三元组[Li, Ri, Hi],其中 Li 和 Ri 分别是第 i 座建筑物左右边缘的 x 坐标,Hi 是其高度。最后求出一组坐标来表示天际线。
利用扫描线法,想象一条垂直的线从左至右扫描所有的建筑,根据图例我们不难发现,扫描到建筑的左边时,也就是有新的建筑出现,如果这个建筑的高度等于当前扫描的所有建筑的最高高度时,当前的这个坐标和高度应该加入到结果中,如果扫描到建筑的右边时,也就是有一个建筑离开了,此时扫描的建筑的最高高度发生了改变,则要把离开后的最高高度和当前坐标加入到结果中。
以上图为例,当扫描到红色建筑[3,15]时,此时我们应该保存扫描的高度集合,最大值恰好是15也就是红色建筑的高度,我们把[3,15]加入到天际线中。
当扫描到x=7时,也就是红色建筑[7,15]离开时,最高的高度由15变成了12,所以我们把[7,12]加入到天际线中。
那么为了模拟扫描建筑,实际上我们将表示建筑的线进行排序,然后再依次遍历即可。同时这里还有一个小技巧,例如红色建筑的两条线分别是[3, 15]和[7,15](x坐标,高度)我们把离开扫描线的建筑的边的高度记为负值,用来区分是进入还是离去,也就是[3, 15]和[7,-15],同时还要对所有的建筑按x的值进行升序排序,不过对于x相等的情况,我们来看一下特例:

也就是前一个建筑的右边和后一个建筑的左边在同一条线上,那么边的排序应该是如上图所示,也就是当x相同时,比较高度,高度大的排在前面。如果这里想不太清楚的同学,可以根据边的排序将两个建筑稍微重合一点或者分离一点,就能清楚的发现,高度长的边应该排在前面,只有这样才能正确求得天际线。

此外还有几种特殊情况我们来看一下:

这两种情况则是建筑左边横坐标相同,或者右边横坐标相同,此时排序的规则依旧是横坐标相同,按照高度的值!!降序排序,因为我们将离开的边编码为负数,所以在扫描到建筑离开的时候我们希望建筑高度低的排在前面,那么反映到编码上就是高度的值排序即可。以左边为例,如果将6,10排到6,12前面,显然不对,因为根据我们的规则,6,10也成为了天际线,但实际上只需要记录6,12即可。右边的图同理。
在存储高度时,我们使用树结构存储,可以保证删除操作在O(logn)内完成。
小技巧:存储高度集合中先加入0,当扫描建筑后没有建筑时,可以直接得到答案,而不用进行特殊处理。
程序:
C++
class Solution {
public:
vector<vector<int>> getSkyline(vector<vector<int>>& buildings) {
vector<pair<int, int>> lines;
vector<vector<int>> res;
multiset<int, greater<int>> h;
for(auto &a:buildings){
lines.push_back({a[], a[]});
lines.push_back({a[], -a[]});
}
sort(lines.begin(), lines.end(), cmp());
h.insert();
for(auto iter = lines.begin(); iter != lines.end(); ++iter){
int x = (*iter).first;
int height = (*iter).second;
int maxHeight = *h.begin();
if(height > ){
if(height > maxHeight){
res.push_back({x, height});
}
h.insert(height);
}else{
height = -height;
h.erase(h.find(height));
if(maxHeight != *h.begin()){
res.push_back({x, *h.begin()});
}
}
}
return res;
}
struct cmp {
bool operator() (const pair<int, int>& A, const pair<int, int>& B) {
if (A.first < B.first) {
return true;
} else if (A.first == B.first) {
return A.second > B.second;
} else {
return false;
}
}
};
};
Java
import java.util.*;
class Solution {
public List<List<Integer>> getSkyline(int[][] buildings) {
List<Pair<Integer, Integer>> lines = new ArrayList<>();
TreeMap<Integer, Integer> h = new TreeMap<>(new Comparator<Integer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Integer o1, Integer o2) {
return o2 - o1;
}
});
List<List<Integer>> res = new ArrayList<>();
for(int[] a:buildings){
lines.add(new Pair(a[0], a[2]));
lines.add(new Pair(a[1], -a[2]));
}
Collections.sort(lines, new Comparator<Pair<Integer, Integer>>() {
@Override
public int compare(Pair<Integer, Integer> o1, Pair<Integer, Integer> o2) {
int x1 = o1.getKey();
int y1 = o1.getValue();
int x2 = o2.getKey();
int y2 = o2.getValue();
if(x1 != x2)
return x1 - x2;
else{
return y2 - y1;
}
}
});
h.put(0, 1);
for(Pair p:lines){
int x = (int)p.getKey();
int height = (int)p.getValue();
int maxHeight = h.firstKey();
if(height > 0){
if(height > maxHeight){
res.add(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(x, height)));
}
h.put(height, h.getOrDefault(height, 0)+1);
}else{
height = -height;
Integer v = h.get(height);
if(v == 1){
h.remove(height);
}else{
h.put(height, v-1);
}
if(maxHeight != h.firstKey()){
res.add(new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(x, h.firstKey())));
}
}
}
return res;
}
}
LeetCode 218. The Skyline Problem 天际线问题(C++/Java)的更多相关文章
- [LeetCode] 218. The Skyline Problem 天际线问题
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
- [LeetCode] 281. The Skyline Problem 天际线问题
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
- [LeetCode#218] The Skyline Problem
Problem: A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that ...
- Java for LeetCode 218 The Skyline Problem【HARD】
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
- [LeetCode] The Skyline Problem 天际线问题
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
- 218. The Skyline Problem (LeetCode)
天际线问题,参考自: 百草园 天际线为当前线段的最高高度,所以用最大堆处理,当遍历到线段右端点时需要删除该线段的高度,priority_queue不提供删除的操作,要用unordered_map来标记 ...
- 218. The Skyline Problem
题目: A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city ...
- 218. The Skyline Problem *HARD* -- 矩形重叠
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
- [LeetCode] The Skyline Problem
A city's skyline is the outer contour of the silhouette formed by all the buildings in that city whe ...
随机推荐
- Keil uVision4的简单使用
1. 项目创建 打开安装好的Keil uVision4可以看到如下界面 选择New uVision Project来创建一个新项目 选择项目存放的位置并为项目文件命名 选择要进行模拟仿真的设备(此处以 ...
- Windows安装EMQ服务器(mqtt)
先去EMQ官网下载安装包 https://www.emqx.io/downloads#broker 注意:此处一定不能下错成企业版的,不然EMQ会由于缺少企业license无法启动服务 解压到任意路径 ...
- Ceph 文件系统-全网最炫酷的Ceph Dashboard页面和Ceph监控 -- <5>
Ceph Dashboard实现 Ceph Dashboard介绍 Ceph 的监控可视化界面方案很多----grafana.Kraken.但是从Luminous开始,Ceph 提供了原生的Dashb ...
- Go Web 编程之 模板(一)
概述 模板引擎是 Web 编程中必不可少的一个组件.模板能分离逻辑和数据,使得逻辑简洁清晰,并且模板可复用.引用第二篇文章<程序结构>一文中的图示,我们可以看到模板引擎在 Web 程序结构 ...
- 深入理解 CSS(Cascading Style Sheets)中的层叠(Cascading)
标题中的 Cascading 亦可以理解为级联. 进入正文,这是一个很有意思的现象.可以直接跳到 总结一下 部分,看完再回过头来阅读本文. 引子 假设我们有如下结构: <p class=&quo ...
- Redis-缓存穿透、缓存雪崩、缓存击穿、缓存一致性、并发竞争
缓存流程 在讲这五个问题之前,首先我们回顾下正常的缓存的使用流程 程序在处理请求时,会先从缓存中进行查询,如果缓存中没有对应的key,则会从数据库中查询,如果查询到结果,并将查询结果添加到缓存中去,反 ...
- git查看远程仓库和本地的区别
git diff 你可以用 git diff 来比较项目中任意两个版本的差异. $ git diff master..test 上面这条命令只显示两个分支间的差异,如果你想找出 master , te ...
- Java入门 - 语言基础 - 06.变量类型
原文地址:http://www.work100.net/training/java-variable-type.html 更多教程:光束云 - 免费课程 变量类型 序号 文内章节 视频 1 概述 2 ...
- HBase二次开发之搭建HBase调试环境,如何远程debug HBase源代码
版本 HDP:3.0.1.0 HBase:2.0.0 一.前言 之前的文章也提到过,最近工作中需要对HBase进行二次开发(参照HBase的AES加密方法,为HBase增加SMS4数据加密类型).研究 ...
- 团队项目—Beta版本冲刺(2/3)
团队信息 何全江(队长) 201731024218 胡志伟 201731024240 李元港 201731024232 孟诚成 201731024242 罗俊杰 201731024226 雷安勇 20 ...