感叹号在Linux bash中使用技巧

1. 重复执行上一条指令  !!

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls /usr/local/
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  python3  sbin  share  src
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# !!
ls /usr/local/
aegis  bin  etc  games  include  lib  lib64  libexec  python3  sbin  share  src
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]#

2. 重复执行上一条以a为首的指令 !a

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# history
    rpm -qf /usr/bin/pwd
    rpm -ql coreutils
    clear
    /usr/local/
    ls /usr/local/
    ls ls /usr/local/
    ls /usr/local/
    ls -al /usr/local/
    vim /etc/shadow
    ls
    vim /etc/passwd
    clear
    ls
    cp -rf ./* /tmp/
  262  ls -l /tmp/
  263  ls -l
  264  clear
  265  ls /usr/local/
  266  history
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# !rpm
rpm -ql coreutils
/etc/DIR_COLORS
/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color
/etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor
/etc/profile.d/colorls.csh
/etc/profile.d/colorls.sh
/usr/bin/[
/usr/bin/arch
/usr/bin/base64

3. 重复执行上一条在history表中记录号码为number的指令  !number

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]#history
    clear
    ls
    cp -rf ./* /tmp/
  262  ls -l /tmp/
  263  ls -l
  264  clear
  265  ls /usr/local/
  266  history
  267  rpm -ql coreutils
  268  clear
  269  history
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# !267
rpm -ql coreutils
/etc/DIR_COLORS
/etc/DIR_COLORS.256color
/etc/DIR_COLORS.lightbgcolor
/etc/profile.d/colorls.csh
/etc/profile.d/colorls.sh
/usr/bin/[
/usr/bin/arch

4.重复执行前第number条指令  !-number

5. 表示获得上一条命令中的最后一项内容  !$

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls -l /usr/local/python3/bin/ /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : /etc/passwd

/usr/local/python3/bin/:
total
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : chardetect
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : easy_install-3.7
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : idle3 -> idle3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : idle3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pip3
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pip3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : pydoc3 -> pydoc3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root        Jan  : pydoc3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : python3 -> python3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : python3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : python3.-config -> python3.7m-config
-rwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : python3.7m
-rwxr-xr-x  root root      Jan  : python3.7m-config
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : python3-config -> python3.-config
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pyvenv-3.7
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# cat !$
cat /etc/passwd
root:x:::root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:::bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:::daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

6. 表示获得上一条命令中的第一个参数  ！^

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]#
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls -l /usr/local/python3/bin/ /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : /etc/passwd

/usr/local/python3/bin/:
total
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : 2to3 -> 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : 2to3-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : chardetect
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : easy_install-3.7
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : idle3 -> idle3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : idle3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pip3
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pip3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : pydoc3 -> pydoc3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root        Jan  : pydoc3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root         Jan  : python3 -> python3.
-rwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : python3.
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : python3.-config -> python3.7m-config
-rwxr-xr-x  root root  Jan  : python3.7m
-rwxr-xr-x  root root      Jan  : python3.7m-config
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : python3-config -> python3.-config
lrwxrwxrwx  root root        Jan  : pyvenv -> pyvenv-3.7
-rwxr-xr-x  root root       Jan  : pyvenv-3.7
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls !^
ls -l
total
-rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root     Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : links.txt
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : wangping_links_2.txt
-rw-r--r--  root root     Jan  : wp_links_2.txt

7.上一命令除了最后一个参数   !:-

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls -l  /etc/passwd /home/python/
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : /etc/passwd

/home/python/:
total
-rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root    Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root     Jan  : .py
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : links.txt
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : wangping_links_2.txt
-rw-r--r--  root root     Jan  : wp_links_2.txt
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# !:-
ls -l /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : /etc/passwd
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]#

8.上一条命令中的所有参数   !*

[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]#
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls /etc/passwd /home/python/.py
/etc/passwd  /home/python/.py
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# ls -l !*
ls -l /etc/passwd /home/python/.py
-rw-r--r--  root root  Jan  : /etc/passwd
-rw-r--r--  root root   Jan  : /home/python/.py
[root@iZ23t6nzr7dZ python]# 

9.使用上条命令指定的参数   ![命令名]:[参数号]

$ cp -rf dira dirb/ #将dira拷贝到dirb

$ ls -l !cp: #查看dira的内容

ls -l dira

total 

-rw-rw-r--  hyb hyb  Jan  : barfile

 10. 用Ctrl + r 组合键来进入历史搜索模式在history表中查询某条过往指令，找到需要重复执行的命令后，按回车键即可重复命令参数(即上一点中的第5条)