HTTPS请求 SSL证书验证

import urllib2

url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"

headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}

request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)

response = urllib2.urlopen(request)

print response.read()

　　

运行结果：

urllib2.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed (_ssl.c:590)>

所以，如果以后遇到这种网站，我们需要单独处理SSL证书，让程序忽略SSL证书验证错误，即可正常访问。

import urllib
import urllib2
# 1. 导入Python SSL处理模块
import ssl

# 2. 表示忽略未经核实的SSL证书认证
context = ssl._create_unverified_context()

url = "https://www.12306.cn/mormhweb/"

headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.99 Safari/537.36"}

request = urllib2.Request(url, headers = headers)

# 3. 在urlopen()方法里 指明添加 context 参数
response = urllib2.urlopen(request, context = context)

print response.read()