ubuntu14.04 安装tensorflow始末

基于ubuntu14.04 干净的系统一步步遇到的坑记录下来；

怀着平静学习的心情，问题总的能解决的！

1. 首先看了下当前python版本

python --version
Python 2.7.6

2. 安装pip

　　先更新源

　sudo apt-get update

　sudo apt-get upgrade

　　安装pip

　　

 sudo apt-get install python-pip

　　查看pip 版本

　　pip -V
　　pip 1.5.4 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)

3.  尝试安装tensorflow，本以为安装就这么简单完成了：

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install tensorflow
Downloading/unpacking tensorflow
  Could not find any downloads that satisfy the requirement tensorflow
Cleaning up...
No distributions at all found for tensorflow
Storing debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log

现在开始报错了

　(1). 首先怀疑的是pip版本太低，想先升级pip版本

　　tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install pip -U
Downloading/unpacking pip from https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl#sha256=bd812612bbd8ba84159d9ddc0266b7fbce712fc9bc98c82dee5750546ec8ec64
  Downloading pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB): 1.4MB downloaded
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 1.5.4
    Not uninstalling pip at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, owned by OS
  Can't roll back pip; was not uninstalled
Cleaning up...
Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 122, in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/commands/install.py", line 283, in run
    requirement_set.install(install_options, global_options, root=options.root_path)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 1436, in install
    requirement.install(install_options, global_options, *args, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 672, in install
    self.move_wheel_files(self.source_dir, root=root)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/req.py", line 902, in move_wheel_files
    pycompile=self.pycompile,
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 206, in move_wheel_files
    clobber(source, lib_dir, True)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip/wheel.py", line 193, in clobber
    os.makedirs(destsubdir)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 157, in makedirs
    mkdir(name, mode)
OSError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip'

Storing debug log for failure in /home/tyler/.pip/pip.log

　　没办法，只能换种方法升级pip，各种google,百度,找到下面这种方法升级成功

　　下载这个py脚本

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py  --no-check-certificate

　　然后执行

sudo python get-pip.py

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python get-pip.py
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, . Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting pip
/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: SNIMissingWarning: An HTTPS request has been made, but the SNI (Server Name Indication) extension to TLS is not available on this platform. This may cause the server to present an incorrect TLS certificate, which can cause validation failures. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
/tmp/tmp5OMysZ/pip.zip/pip/_vendor/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. You can upgrade to a newer version of Python to solve this. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.io/en/latest/advanced-usage.html#ssl-warnings
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
    % |████████████████████████████████| .4MB .0MB/s
Installing collected packages: pip
  Found existing installation: pip 1.5.
    Uninstalling pip-1.5.:
      Successfully uninstalled pip-1.5.
Successfully installed pip-19.0.

这样就安装成功了pip新版本

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip -V
pip 19.0.3 from /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/pip (python 2.7)

(2). 继续尝试安装tensorfolw,还是报错

sudo pip install tensorflow

markdown 3.1 has requirement setuptools>=, but you'll have setuptools 3.3 which is incompatible.
Installing collected packages: numpy, six, enum34, futures, grpcio, h5py, keras-applications, markdown, werkzeug, protobuf, absl-py, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, funcsigs, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, backports.weakref, astor, keras-preprocessing, tensorflow
  Found existing installation: six 1.5.
Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

然后发现我们本地还有python3 版本

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ python3 -V
Python 3.4.

想着把python也用新版本

为了保险起见，我把之前用python2.7安装的pip卸载了

sudo apt-get remove python-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libdbusmenu-gtk4 libqpdf13 python-chardet-whl python-colorama
  python-colorama-whl python-distlib python-distlib-whl python-html5lib
  python-html5lib-whl python-pip-whl python-requests-whl python-setuptools-whl
  python-six-whl python-urllib3-whl python-wheel
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  python-pip
 upgraded,  newly installed,  to remove and  not upgraded.
After this operation,  kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Y
(Reading database ...  files and directories currently installed.)
Removing python-pip (1.5.-1ubuntu4) ...

但是我发现我卸载的好像是1.5.4版本，可能这个尝试是多余。。

不管三七二十一了，用python3继续安装

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo python3 get-pip.py
DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting pip
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d8/f3/413bab4ff08e1fc4828dfc59996d721917df8e8583ea85385d51125dceff/pip-19.0.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (1.4MB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 1.4MB 10.6MB/s
Collecting setuptools
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/6a/4b2fcefd2ea0868810e92d519dacac1ddc64a2e53ba9e3422c3b62b378a6/setuptools-40.8.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (575kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 583kB 12.5MB/s
Collecting wheel
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/96/ba/a4702cbb6a3a485239fbe9525443446203f00771af9ac000fa3ef2788201/wheel-0.33.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: pip, setuptools, wheel
Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0 wheel-0.33.1

也提示安装成功了

现在多了一个pip3，用pip3安装试试

sudo pip3 install tensorflow

DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting tensorflow
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/37/f0/7b2fd5c7cddb3f7f11e7859850f543e19009761cdb965ed8bd98f66d60fd/tensorflow-1.13.1-cp34-cp34m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (93.2MB)
    % |████████▎                       | .1MB 91kB/s eta ::37Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in _error_catcher
    yield
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in read
    data = self._fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/cachecontrol/filewrapper.py", line , in read
    data = self.__fp.read(amt)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line , in read
    return super(HTTPResponse, self).read(amt)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/http/client.py", line , in readinto
    n = self.fp.readinto(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/socket.py", line , in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line , in recv_into
    return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/ssl.py", line , in read
    v = self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
socket.timeout: The read operation timed out

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line , in main
    status = self.run(options, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/install.py", line , in run
    resolver.resolve(requirement_set)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in resolve
    self._resolve_one(requirement_set, req)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in _resolve_one
    abstract_dist = self._get_abstract_dist_for(req_to_install)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/resolve.py", line , in _get_abstract_dist_for
    self.require_hashes
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/operations/prepare.py", line , in prepare_linked_requirement
    progress_bar=self.progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in unpack_url
    progress_bar=progress_bar
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in unpack_http_url
    progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in _download_http_url
    _download_url(resp, link, content_file, hashes, progress_bar)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in _download_url
    hashes.check_against_chunks(downloaded_chunks)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/hashes.py", line , in check_against_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in written_chunks
    for chunk in chunks:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/utils/ui.py", line , in iter
    for x in it:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_internal/download.py", line , in resp_read
    decode_content=False):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in stream
    data = self.read(amt=amt, decode_content=decode_content)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in read
    raise IncompleteRead(self._fp_bytes_read, self.length_remaining)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.4/contextlib.py", line , in __exit__
    self.gen.throw(type, value, traceback)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/urllib3/response.py", line , in _error_catcher
    raise ReadTimeoutError(self._pool, None, 'Read timed out.')
pip._vendor.urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='files.pythonhosted.org', port=): Read timed out.

这个错误是网络不稳定导致的，再次执行结果还是报错：

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install tensorflow

Installing collected packages: six, protobuf, astor, numpy, keras-preprocessing, termcolor, markdown, grpcio, absl-py, werkzeug, tensorboard, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, h5py, keras-applications, gast, tensorflow
  Found existing installation: six 1.5.
Cannot uninstall 'six'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.

好像是six模块的问题，需要更新安装

然后执行：

sudo pip install six --upgrade --target="/usr/local/lib/python3.4/dist-packages/"

DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting six
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/73/fb/00a976f728d0d1fecfe898238ce23f502a721c0ac0ecfedb80e0d88c64e9/six-1.12.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Installing collected packages: six
Successfully installed six-1.12.

成功更新了six

继续尝试安装tensorflow,果然没让我失望，还是报错

sudo pip3 install tensorflow

File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_sources
        self.build_extension_sources(ext)
      File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_extension_sources
        sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext)
      File "/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in generate_sources
        source = func(extension, build_dir)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in generate_config_h
        moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
        out = check_types(*a, **kw)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
        "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python))
    SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel.

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-bie5c7mf/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code  in /tmp/pip-install-s_yz77x6/numpy/

看着像是numpy模块问题，尝试更新numpy模块，然后又来一堆错误

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ pip install numpy

      File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in build_extension_sources
        sources = self.generate_sources(sources, ext)
      File "/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/numpy/distutils/command/build_src.py", line , in generate_sources
        source = func(extension, build_dir)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in generate_config_h
        moredefs, ignored = cocache.check_types(config_cmd, ext, build_dir)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
        out = check_types(*a, **kw)
      File "numpy/core/setup.py", line , in check_types
        "install {0}-dev|{0}-devel.".format(python))
    SystemError: Cannot compile 'Python.h'. Perhaps you need to install python-dev|python-devel.

    ----------------------------------------
Command "/usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-record-571bsgcn/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code  in /tmp/pip-install-5x9wvjol/numpy/

看提示可能是需要安装 python-dev

那就安装呗，sudo apt-get install python-dev

安装成功了python-dev

回来继续安装numpy

结果，还是和上次一样的报错

思考了下，我现在用的pip3，对应的python也是python3了，应该要安装 sudo apt-get install python3-dev 才对，

安装 python3-dev，

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

安装成功后，继续执行

tyler@pc:/opt/work/lazyzoon$ sudo pip3 install numpy
DEPRECATION: Python 3.4 support has been deprecated. pip 19.1 will be the last one supporting it. Please upgrade your Python as Python 3.4 won't be maintained after March 2019 (cf PEP 429).
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip/http' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and the cache has been disabled. Please check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
The directory '/home/tyler/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned by the current user and caching wheels has been disabled. check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
Collecting numpy
Installing collected packages: numpy
Successfully installed numpy-1.16.

果然成功了

最后执行：

sudo pip3 install tensorflow

Collecting mock>=2.0. (from tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.->tensorflow)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e6/35/f187bdf23be87092bd0f1200d43d23076cee4d0dec109f195173fd3ebc79/mock-2.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
    % |████████████████████████████████| 61kB .2MB/s
Collecting pbr>=0.11 (from mock>=2.0.->tensorflow-estimator<1.14.0rc0,>=1.13.->tensorflow)
  Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/09/12fe9a14237a6b7e0ba3a8d6fcf254bf4b10ec56a0185f73d651145e9222/pbr-5.1.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (107kB)
    % |████████████████████████████████| 112kB .6MB/s
Installing collected packages: keras-preprocessing, werkzeug, absl-py, protobuf, grpcio, markdown, tensorboard, termcolor, gast, h5py, keras-applications, pbr, mock, tensorflow-estimator, tensorflow
  Running setup.py install for absl-py ... done
  Running setup.py install for termcolor ... done
  Running setup.py install for gast ... done
Successfully installed absl-py-0.7. gast-0.2. grpcio-1.19. h5py-2.9. keras-applications-1.0. keras-preprocessing-1.0. markdown-3.0. mock-2.0. pbr-5.1. protobuf-3.7. tensorboard-1.13. tensorflow-1.13. tensorflow-estimator-1.13. termcolor-1.1. werkzeug-0.15.

到此安装tensorflow成功。