MySQL5.6 windows7下安装及基本操作

图形界面安装MySQL5.6
关于图形界面的安装，网上相关相关资料比较多，此处省略安装过程。安装过程中选择安装路径、所需组件及root账号密码。
1、目前针对不同用户，MySQL提供了2个不同的版本：
MySQL Community Server:社区版，该版本完全免费，但是官方不提供技术支持。
MySQL Enterprise Server:企业版，它能够高性价比的为企业提供数据仓库应用，支持ACID事物处理，提供完整的提交、回滚、崩溃恢复和行级锁定功能。但是该版本需付费使用，官方提供电话及文档等技术支持。
2、MySQL服务器的类型
Developer Machine(开发机器)：该选项代表典型个人用桌面工作站。假定机器上运行着多个桌面应用程序。将MySQL服务器配置成使用最少的系统资源。
Server Machine（服务器）：该选项代表服务器，MySQL服务器可以同其它应用程序一起运行，例如FTP、email和web服务器。MySQL服务器配置成使用适当比例的系统资源。
Dedicated MySQL Server Machine（专用MySQL服务器）：该选项代表只运行MySQL服务的服务器。假定运行没有运行其它应用程序。MySQL服务器配置成使用所有可用系统资源。
作为初学者，选择“Developer Machine”（开发者机器）已经足够了，这样占用系统的资源不会很多。在Enable TCP/IP Networking左边的复选框中可以启用或禁用TCP/IP网络，并配置用来连接MySQL服务器的端口号，默认情况启用TCP/IP网络，默认端口为3306。

3、安装完后windows服务管理中会默认添加一个服务MySQL56
启停命令为：net start/stop MySQL56
如果使用该命令启停时报错：检查服务器管理器的mysql服务的服务名是否正确，检查配置文件：
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\my-default.ini,加上basedir和datadir：
# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir =C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6
datadir =C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\data    ---相关日志也在这个目录下
# port = .....
# server_id = .....

配置文件：

C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\my.ini   --启动时用的是这个配置文件

C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\my-default.ini   --这个配置文件是个模块，删除也不影响启动。

4、在环境变量PATH里加入MySQL安装路径的bin目录
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.6\bin;
安装完成。
------------
说明：如果下载的是非安装版的zip格式安装包，则解压后直接修改配置文件my-default.ini即可。
在mysql bin目录下，以管理员的权限执行mysqld -install命令，会在windows服务管理器里注册MySQL服务。mysqld -remove 卸载mysql服务

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MySQL数据库连接：
1、使用MySQL Command Line连接数据库
选择菜单：开始>所有程序>MySQL>MySQL Server 5.6>MySQL 5.6 Command Line Client
打开MySQL Command Line Client程序，输入root密码即可登录数据库。
Enter password: *****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10
Server version: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced

Edition (Commercial)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>
2、使用MySQL命令登录数据库，MySQL命令语法：
mysql [-u username] [-h host] [-p[password]] [dbname]
C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -uroot -prusky
Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 13
Server version: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced

Edition (Commercial)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

3、C:\Users\Administrator>mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: *****
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced

Edition (Commercial)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

二、基本信息查询
1、查看数据库参数
mysql> show variables like 'version%';
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
| version | 5.6.23-enterprise-commercial-advanced-log |
| version_comment | MySQL Enterprise Server - Advanced Edition (Commercial) |
| version_compile_machine | x86_64 |
| version_compile_os | Win64 |
+-------------------------+---------------------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

或者：mysql> show variables; --查看全部参数

2、配置会话参数
mysql> show variables like '%sort_buffer_size%';
+-------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+----------+
| innodb_sort_buffer_size | 1048576 |
| myisam_sort_buffer_size | 69206016 |
| sort_buffer_size | 262144 |
+-------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> set session sort_buffer_size= 262148;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

3、配置全局参数
mysql> set global sort_buffer_size=262160;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show global variables like '%sort_buffer_size%';
+-------------------------+----------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-------------------------+----------+
| innodb_sort_buffer_size | 1048576 |
| myisam_sort_buffer_size | 69206016 |
| sort_buffer_size | 262160 |
+-------------------------+----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

4、查看数据库字符集
mysql> show variables like 'character\_set\_%';
+--------------------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

5、查看所有数据库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| sakila |
| world |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)

6、use连接到某一数据库，并查看该数据库中的表
mysql> use world
Database changed
mysql> show tables;
+-----------------+
| Tables_in_world |
+-----------------+
| city |
| country |
| countrylanguage |
+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7、查看当前连接的数据库
mysql> select database();
+------------+
| database() |
+------------+
| world |
+------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

8、数据库的创建与删除
create database testdb;
drop database testdb;