利用Python爬取免费代理IP

#       2019/9/8
#       思路：   1、找到一个免费的ip代理网站(如：西刺代理)
#
#                  2、爬取ip（常规爬取requests+BeautifulSoup）
#
#                  3、验证ip有效性（携带爬取到的ip，去访问指定的url，看返回的状态码是不是200）
#
#                  4、记录ip （写到文档）

# !/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests, threading, datetime
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import random

"""
1、抓取西刺代理网站的代理ip
2、并根据指定的目标url,对抓取到ip的有效性进行验证
3、最后存到指定的path
"""

# ------------------------------------------------------文档处理--------------------------------------------------------
# 写入文档
def write(path, text):
    with open(path, 'a', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.writelines(text)
        f.write('\n')
        f.close()

# 清空文档
def truncatefile(path):
    with open(path, 'w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        f.truncate()

# 读取文档
def read(path):
    with open(path, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
        txt = []
        for s in f.readlines():
            txt.append(s.strip())
    return txt

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 计算时间差,格式: 时分秒
def gettimediff(start, end):
    seconds = (end - start).seconds
    m, s = divmod(seconds, 60)
    h, m = divmod(m, 60)
    diff = ("%02d:%02d:%02d" % (h, m, s))
    return diff

# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# 返回一个随机的请求头 headers
def getheaders():
    user_agent_list = [ \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/22.0.1207.1 Safari/537.1" \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; CrOS i686 2268.111.0) AppleWebKit/536.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1132.57 Safari/536.11", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1092.0 Safari/536.6", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.6 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/20.0.1090.0 Safari/536.6", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.1 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.77.34.5 Safari/537.1", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.9 Safari/536.5", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0) AppleWebKit/536.5 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1084.36 Safari/536.5", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_8_0) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1063.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1062.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.1 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2) AppleWebKit/536.3 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1061.0 Safari/536.3", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24", \
        "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; WOW64) AppleWebKit/535.24 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/19.0.1055.1 Safari/535.24"
    ]
    UserAgent = random.choice(user_agent_list)
    headers = {'User-Agent': UserAgent}
    return headers

# -----------------------------------------------------检查ip是否可用----------------------------------------------------
def checkip(targeturl, ip):
    headers = getheaders()  # 定制请求头
    proxies = {"http": "http://" + ip, "https": "http://" + ip}  # 代理ip
    try:
        response = requests.get(url=targeturl, proxies=proxies, headers=headers, timeout=5).status_code
        if response == 200:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    except:
        return False

# -------------------------------------------------------获取代理方法----------------------------------------------------
# 免费代理 XiciDaili
def findip(type, pagenum, targeturl, path):  # ip类型,页码,目标url,存放ip的路径
    list = {'1': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wn/',  # xicidaili国内https代理
    '2': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/',  # xicidaili国内高匿代理
    '3': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/',  # xicidaili国内普通代理
    '4': 'http://www.xicidaili.com/wt/'}  # xicidaili国外http代理
    url = list[str(type)] + str(pagenum)  # 配置url
    # print("url:",url)
    headers = getheaders()  # 定制请求头
    html = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers, timeout=5).text
    # print("html:", html)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')
    all = soup.find_all('tr', class_='odd')
    for i in all:
        t = i.find_all('td')
        ip = t[1].text + ':' + t[2].text
        is_avail = checkip(targeturl, ip)
        if is_avail == True:
            write(path=path, text=ip)
            print(ip)

# -----------------------------------------------------多线程抓取ip入口---------------------------------------------------
def getip(targeturl, path):
    truncatefile(path)  # 爬取前清空文档
    start = datetime.datetime.now()  # 开始时间
    threads = []
    for type in range(1):  # 四种类型ip,每种类型取前三页,共12条线程
        for pagenum in range(3):
            t = threading.Thread(target=findip, args=(type + 1, pagenum + 1, targeturl, path))
            threads.append(t)
    print('开始爬取代理ip')
    for s in threads:  # 开启多线程爬取
        s.start()
    for e in threads:  # 等待所有线程结束
        e.join()
    print('爬取完成')
    end = datetime.datetime.now()  # 结束时间
    diff = gettimediff(start, end)  # 计算耗时
    ips = read(path)  # 读取爬到的ip数量
    print('一共爬取代理ip: %s 个,共耗时: %s \n' % (len(ips), diff))

# -------------------------------------------------------启动-----------------------------------------------------------
if __name__ == '__main__':
    path = 'ip.txt'  # 存放爬取ip的文档path
    targeturl = 'http://www.cnblogs.com/TurboWay/'  # 验证ip有效性的指定url
    getip(targeturl, path)