链接:https://nanti.jisuanke.com/t/39277

思路:

一开始看着很像树分治,就用树分治写了下,发现因为异或操作的特殊性,我们是可以优化树分治中的容斥操作的,不合理的情况只有当两点在一条链上才存在,那么直接一遍dfs从根节点向下跑途中维护一下前缀和,把所有情况中不合理情况造成的值修正。

这样的话时间复杂度就可以降得非常低了,感觉还可以优化,但是懒得写了

代码耗时:142ms.

实现代码:

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
#define ll long long
const ll M = 2e5+;
const ll inf = 1e18+;
struct node{
ll to,next,w;
}e[M];
const ll mod = ;
struct node1{
ll num,id;
}Xor[M];
bool cmp(node1 x,node1 y){
return x.num < y.num;
}
vector<ll>mp[M],v[M];
ll cnt,n,ans;
ll head[M],sz[M],d[M],md[M];
void add(ll u,ll v,ll w){
e[++cnt].to = v;e[cnt].w = w;e[cnt].next = head[u];head[u] = cnt;
} map<ll,ll>sum,sum1,num; void get_dis(ll u,ll fa){
Xor[++Xor[].num].num = d[u];
Xor[Xor[].num].id = u;
for(ll i = head[u];i;i=e[i].next){
ll v = e[i].to;
if(v != fa){
d[v] = d[u]^e[i].w;
get_dis(v,u);
}
}
return ;
} void get_siz(ll u,ll fa){
sz[u] = ;
for(ll i = head[u];i;i=e[i].next){
ll v = e[i].to;
if(v != fa){
get_siz(v,u);
sz[u] += sz[v];
}
}
}
void gcd(ll a,ll b,ll &d,ll &x,ll &y)
{
if(!b) {d=a;x=;y=;}
else {gcd(b,a%b,d,y,x);y-=x*(a/b);}
}
ll finv(ll a,ll n)
{
ll d,x,y;
gcd(a,n,d,x,y);
return d==?(x+n)%n:-;
}
void cal(ll u){
d[u] = ; Xor[].num = ;
get_dis(u,);
sort(Xor+,Xor++Xor[].num,cmp);
ll st = -,idx = ;
for(ll i = ;i <= Xor[].num;i ++){
if(Xor[i].num != st){
st = Xor[i].num;
mp[++idx].push_back(Xor[i].id);
md[idx] = st;
}
else{
mp[idx].push_back(Xor[i].id);
}
}
ans = ;
for(ll i = ;i <= idx;i ++){
ll num1 = ,num2 = ;
for(ll j = ;j < mp[i].size();j ++){
num1 += sz[mp[i][j]];
num2 += sz[mp[i][j]]*sz[mp[i][j]]%mod;
num1%=mod; num2%=mod;
}
ans += ((num1*num1%mod+mod - num2)%mod)*finv(,mod)%mod;
ans %= mod;
}
for(ll i = ;i <= idx;i ++) mp[i].clear();
} void dfs(ll u,ll fa){
for(ll i = head[u];i;i=e[i].next){
ll v = e[i].to;
if(v == fa) continue;
sum1[d[u]] += (n - sz[v]+mod)%mod;
if(num[d[v]] >= ){
ans = (ans + mod - (sz[v]*sum[d[v]]%mod))%mod;
ans += sz[v]*sum1[d[v]]%mod;
ans %= mod;
}
sum[d[v]] += sz[v];
num[d[v]] += ;
sum[d[v]]%=mod;
sum1[d[v]]%=mod;
dfs(v,u);
sum[d[v]] -= sz[v]-mod;
sum1[d[u]] -= (n-sz[v])-mod;
sum[d[v]]%=mod;
sum1[d[v]]%=mod;
num[d[v]] -= ;
}
} int main()
{
ll v,w;
scanf("%lld",&n);
for(ll i = ;i <= n;i ++){
scanf("%lld%lld",&v,&w);
add(i,v,w); add(v,i,w);
}
get_siz(,);
cal();
sum[] += sz[];
num[] += ;
dfs(,);
ans %= mod;
num.clear(); sum.clear(); sum1.clear();
printf("%lld\n",ans);
}

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