ELK部署与使用总结

前言

自己最近在负责elk的工作，在这里想写一个总结，把好多遇到的问题啥的，都写一下，也做个笔记，

目录

环境介绍

kafka,zookeeper安装

logstash安装

elasticsearch安装

lucene语法

kafka使用

elasticsearch插件安装

elasticsearch常用操作

环境介绍

这次部署ELK还有filebeat都是5.6.3版本，整体数据流是filebeat logstash kafka logstash elasticsearch grafana(kibana),

rpm -qf /etc/issue
centos-release-7-3.1611.el7.centos.x86_64

zookeeper-3.4.10
kafka_2.11-0.10.0.1

kafka,zookeeper安装

安装有些部分和我的ansible笔记重了，我就不一一列举了,大家可以多看看，我都是用supervisor管理的kafka和zookeeper的启停，下面是supervisor的配置文件。

[root@jumpserver common]# cat templates/kafka.ini
[program:kafka]
command = /opt/kafka/bin/kafka-server-start.sh /opt/kafka/config/server.properties
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile = /opt/kafka/supervisor_logs/kafka.log
stopasgroup=true
environment = JAVA_HOME=/opt/java

[root@jumpserver common]# cat templates/zookeeper.ini
[program:zookeeper]
command = /opt/zookeeper/bin/zkServer.sh start-foreground
autorestart=true
redirect_stderr = true
stdout_logfile = /opt/zookeeper/supervisor_logs/zookeeper.log
stopasgroup=true
environment = JAVA_HOME=/opt/java

logstash安装

需要把java放到/usr/bin/下，要不就要修改logstash的配置参数。

ll /usr/bin/java
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 18 Sep 6 17:05 /usr/bin/java → /opt/java/bin/java

否则会有如下报错：

Using provided startup.options file: /etc/logstash/startup.options
/usr/share/logstash/vendor/jruby/bin/jruby: line 388: /usr/bin/java: No such file or directory
Unable to install system startup script for Logstash.

elasticsearch安装

最好按照官方文档进行一些设置，如关闭swap，jvm内存设置不要超过内存的一半并且不要超过32G，关闭这些设置可以参考这篇文档，下面把一些文件给大家看看：

cat templates/elasticsearch.yml |egrep -v "^#|^$"
cluster.name: moji
node.name: {{ ansible_hostname }}
path.data: /opt/elasticsearch/data
path.logs: /opt/elasticsearch/logs
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
discovery.zen.ping.unicast.hosts: [{{ cluster_list|map('regex_replace', '^(.*)$', '"\\1"')|join(',') }}]
http.cors.enabled: true
http.cors.allow-origin: "*"

cat templates/elasticsearch.service |egrep -v "^#|^$"
[Unit]
Description=Elasticsearch
Documentation=http://www.elastic.co
Wants=network-online.target
After=network-online.target
[Service]
Environment=ES_HOME=/usr/share/elasticsearch
Environment=CONF_DIR=/etc/elasticsearch
Environment=DATA_DIR=/var/lib/elasticsearch
Environment=LOG_DIR=/var/log/elasticsearch
Environment=PID_DIR=/var/run/elasticsearch
EnvironmentFile=-/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
WorkingDirectory=/usr/share/elasticsearch
User=elasticsearch
Group=elasticsearch
ExecStartPre=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch-systemd-pre-exec
ExecStart=/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin/elasticsearch \
                                                -p ${PID_DIR}/elasticsearch.pid \
                                                --quiet \
                                                -Edefault.path.logs=${LOG_DIR} \
                                                -Edefault.path.data=${DATA_DIR} \
                                                -Edefault.path.conf=${CONF_DIR}
StandardOutput=journal
StandardError=inherit
LimitNOFILE=65536
LimitNPROC=2048
LimitMEMLOCK=infinity
TimeoutStopSec=0
KillSignal=SIGTERM
KillMode=process
SendSIGKILL=no
SuccessExitStatus=143
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

lucene语法

下面是写在grafana中过滤特定条件的

domain:$domain AND NOT http_code:499

domain:$domain AND http_code:499

kafka使用

现在logstash使用new consumer来管理详细的介绍为：https://www.confluent.io/blog/tutorial-getting-started-with-the-new-apache-kafka-0-9-consumer-client/

查看消费情况（默认是所有消费者）

cd /opt/kafka/bin

./kafka-consumer-groups.sh --new-consumer --group logstash --bootstrap-server 172.16.21.7:9096 --describe

old version check status:

cd /opt/kafka/bin
./kafka-topics.sh —list —zookeeper /ops|while read topic; do ./kafka-run-class.sh kafka.tools.ConsumerOffsetChecker —group logstash —topic $topic —zookeeper /ops; done

删除一个topic

./kafka-topics.sh --delete --zookeeper / --topic nginx-log-wis

elasticsearch插件安装

目前用了两个插件head和HQ，这两个插件从git clone下来后用nginx启动就行了，下面是我用来启动AdminLTE的例子可做参考，就是改下root，然后写个server的标签就行了

cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/lte.conf
    server {
        listen       2000 ;
        root         /application/AdminLTE;
        location / {
        }
    }

elasticsearch常用操作

删除一段时间的数据，size默认是10，最大的是一个es的设置，我们一般先query看一下size如果比较大的话，如果不大，直接设置个比较大的size就行了。我这个index的date格式的name是timestamp。

post

http://192.168.3.3:9200/daily-summary-statistics-http-code/_delete_by_query

{
  "size": 100000,
  "query": {
    "bool": {
      "filter": [
        {
          "range": {
            "timestamp": {
              "gte": "2018-01-09T00:00:00.000+08:00",
              "lt": "2018-01-10T00:00:00.000+08:00"
            }
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

修改template数值

get http://192.168.3.3:9200/_template/logstash

然后找到logstash字段，都copy出来，把想改的改了，在put回去，我是改了refresh_interval

put http://192.168.3.3:9200/_template/logstash

{
   "order": 0,
    "version": 50001,
    "template": "logstash-*",
    "settings": {
        "index": {
            "refresh_interval": "30s"
        }
    },
    "mappings": {
        "_default_": {
            "_all": {
                "enabled": true,
                "norms": false
            },
            "dynamic_templates": [
                {
                    "message_field": {
                        "path_match": "message",
                        "match_mapping_type": "string",
                        "mapping": {
                            "type": "text",
                            "norms": false
                        }
                    }
                },
                {
                    "string_fields": {
                        "match": "*",
                        "match_mapping_type": "string",
                        "mapping": {
                            "type": "text",
                            "norms": false,
                            "fields": {
                                "keyword": {
                                    "type": "keyword",
                                    "ignore_above": 256
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            ],
            "properties": {
                "@timestamp": {
                    "type": "date",
                    "include_in_all": false
                },
                "@version": {
                    "type": "keyword",
                    "include_in_all": false
                },
                "geoip": {
                    "dynamic": true,
                    "properties": {
                        "ip": {
                            "type": "ip"
                        },
                        "location": {
                            "type": "geo_point"
                        },
                        "latitude": {
                            "type": "half_float"
                        },
                        "longitude": {
                            "type": "half_float"
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    },
    "aliases": {}
}

elasticsearch数据处理

我们用es收集完数据之后，我们需要提取一些我们想要的数据做永久存储，

我们现在只收集了nginx的log，格式如下,还没仔细整理呢：

log_format  access_log_json      '{"remote_addr":"$remote_addr","host":"$host","time_iso8601":"$time_iso8601","request":"$request","status":"$status","body_bytes_sent":"$body_bytes_sent","http_referer":"$http_referer","http_user_agent":"$http_user_agent","http_x_forwarded_for":"$http_x_forwarded_for","upstream_response_time":"$upstream_response_time","uri":"$uri","request_time":"$request_time"}';

下面的是python脚本，以下好多脚本会用到，我们的index名称规则是logstash-nginx-log-appname然后加时间，

from datetime import timedelta
import datetime
import requests

G_URL = "http://192.168.3.3:9200"
headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
ES_DATA_KEEP_DAYS = 7

time_map = {
    "mappings" : {
        "doc" : {
            "properties" : {
                "timestamp" : { "type" : "date" }
            }
        }
    }
}

def get_apps():
    res = requests.get(
        G_URL + "/_cat/indices?v",
        json={}
    ).text
    apps = set()
    for line in res.strip().split("\n"):
        lines = line.split()
        if lines[2].startswith("logstash-nginx-log"):
            index_name = lines[2]
            app_name = index_name.split("-")[-2] if index_name.split("-")[-2] != "log" else "whv3"
            apps.add(app_name)
    return list(apps)

def get_iso_day(days_before_now=14):
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    return (now - timedelta(days=days_before_now)).strftime('%Y-%m-%dT00:00:00.000+08:00')

def get_one_day_qps_json_no_domain(days_before_now=14):
    return {
        "size": 0,
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "filter": [
                    {
                        "range": {
                            "time_iso8601": {
                                "gte": get_iso_day(days_before_now),
                                "lte": get_iso_day(days_before_now-1)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "aggs": {
            "count_per_interval": {
                "date_histogram": {
                    "interval": "1s",
                    "field": "time_iso8601",
                    "min_doc_count": 0,
                    "time_zone": "Asia/Shanghai"
                },
                "aggs": {
                    "count_max": {
                        "sum": {
                            "script": {
                                "source": "1"
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            },
            "max_count": {
                "max_bucket": {
                    "buckets_path": "count_per_interval>count_max"
                }
            }
        }

    }

def get_one_day_http_code(days_before_now=14):
    return {
        "size": 0,
        "query": {
            "bool": {
                "filter": [
                    {
                        "range": {
                            "time_iso8601": {
                                "gte": get_iso_day(days_before_now),
                                "lt": get_iso_day(days_before_now-1)
                            }
                        }
                    }
                ]
            }
        },
        "aggs": {
            "4": {
                "terms": {
                    "field": "host.keyword",
                    "size": 10,
                    "order": {
                        "_count": "desc"
                    },
                    "min_doc_count": 1
                },
                "aggs": {
                    "5": {
                        "terms": {
                            "field": "status",
                            "size": 10,
                            "order": {
                                "_count": "desc"
                            },
                            "min_doc_count": 1
                        },
                        "aggs": {
                            "2": {
                                "date_histogram": {
                                    "interval": "1d",
                                    "field": "time_iso8601",
                                    "min_doc_count": 0,
                                    "time_zone": "Asia/Shanghai"
                                },
                                "aggs": { }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

计算每天最大QPS并且不区分域名：

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2017 - hongzhi.wang <hongzhi.wang@moji.com>
'''
Author: hongzhi.wang
Create Date: 2017/12/14
Modify Date: 2017/12/14
'''

import sys
import os

file_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("__file__"))
sys.path.append(file_root)

import requests
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from elasticsearch.helpers import bulk
import elasticsearch
from datetime import timedelta
import time
import datetime

from settings import *

daily_index_name = "daily-summary-statistics-qps-no-domain"

if len(sys.argv) == 2:
    compute_days = int(sys.argv[1])
else:
    compute_days = 1

es = Elasticsearch(G_URL)

def get_apps():
    res = requests.get(
        G_URL + "/_cat/indices?v",
        json={}
    ).text
    apps = set()
    for line in res.strip().split("\n"):
        lines = line.split()
        if lines[2].startswith("logstash") and 'soa' not in lines[2]:
            index_name = lines[2]
            app_name = index_name.split("-")[-2] if index_name.split("-")[-2] != "log" else "whv3"
            apps.add(app_name)
    return list(apps)

apps = get_apps()

import aiohttp
import asyncio
import async_timeout

bodys = []

async def fetch(session, app_name, days):
    index_pattern = "logstash-nginx-log-%s*" % app_name if app_name != "whv3" else "logstash-nginx-log-20*"
    if not es.indices.exists(daily_index_name):
        es.indices.create(index=daily_index_name, body=time_map)
    async with session.post(G_URL + "/%s/_search" % index_pattern, json=get_one_day_qps_json_no_domain(days), headers=headers) as response:
        es_result = json.loads(await response.text())
        try:
            item1 = es_result["aggregations"]
            if item1["max_count"]["value"] > 20:
                max_qps = item1["max_count"]["value"]
                max_qps_time = item1["max_count"]["keys"][0]
                bodys.append({
                    "_index": daily_index_name,
                    "_type": app_name,
                    "_id": "%s-%s" % (app_name, max_qps_time),
                    "_source": {
                        "timestamp": max_qps_time,
                        "max_qps": max_qps,
                    }
                })
        except Exception as e:
            print(G_URL + "/%s/_search" % index_pattern)
            print(get_one_day_qps_json_no_domain(days))
            print(app_name)
            print(e)

async def main(app_name, days=compute_days):
    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
        await fetch(session, app_name, days=days)

loop = asyncio.get_event_loop()

tasks = [main(app_name) for app_name in apps]
loop.run_until_complete(asyncio.wait(tasks))

res = bulk(es, bodys)
print(datetime.datetime.now())
print(res)

统计每个域名下的httpcode占得百分比

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Copyright (c) 2017 - hongzhi.wang <hongzhi.wang@moji.com>
'''
Author: hongzhi.wang
Create Date: 2017/12/5
Modify Date: 2017/12/5
'''
import sys
import os

file_root = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath("__file__"))
sys.path.append(file_root)

import requests
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
from elasticsearch.helpers import bulk
import elasticsearch
from datetime import timedelta
import time
import datetime

from settings import *

if len(sys.argv) == 2:
    day_to_process = int(sys.argv[1])
else:
    day_to_process = 1

headers = {"content-type": "application/json"}
daily_index_name = "daily-summary-statistics-http-code"
daily_percentage_index_name = "daily-summary-statistics-percentage-http-code"

es = Elasticsearch(G_URL)
apps = get_apps()

def get_detail(app_name):
    index_pattern = "logstash-nginx-log-%s*" % app_name if app_name != "whv3" else "logstash-nginx-log-20*"
    print(index_pattern)
    if not es.indices.exists(daily_index_name):
        es.indices.create(index=daily_index_name, body=time_map)
    if not es.indices.exists(daily_percentage_index_name):
        es.indices.create(index=daily_percentage_index_name, body=time_map)
    res = requests.get(G_URL + "/%s/_search" % index_pattern, json=get_one_day_http_code(day_to_process), headers=headers)
    es_result = json.loads(res.text)

    for item in es_result["aggregations"]["4"]["buckets"]:
        domain = item["key"]
        all_sum = item["doc_count"]
        domain_dict = {}
        for detail in item["5"]["buckets"]:
            http_code = detail["key"]
            for final_detail in detail["2"]["buckets"]:
                domain_dict[http_code] = final_detail["doc_count"]
                yield {
                    "_index": daily_index_name,
                    "_type": app_name,
                    "_id": "%s-%s-%d-%s" %(app_name, domain, http_code, get_iso_day(day_to_process)),
                    "_source": {
                        "timestamp": get_iso_day(day_to_process),
                        "domain": domain,
                        "http_code": http_code,
                        "count": final_detail["doc_count"],
                    }
                }
        count200 = domain_dict.get(200, 0)
        yield {
            "_index": daily_percentage_index_name,
            "_type": app_name,
            "_id": "%s-%s-%s" % (app_name, domain, get_iso_day(day_to_process)),
            "_source": {
                "timestamp": get_iso_day(day_to_process),
                "domain": domain,
                "percent200": count200/all_sum,
            }
        }

for i in range(len(apps)):
    print(datetime.datetime.now())
    print("current process is %f%%" % (i/len(apps)*100))
    app_name = apps[i]
    res = bulk(es, get_detail(app_name=app_name))
    print(res)