linux上搭建ftp、vsftp, 解决访问ftp超时连接, 解决用户指定访问其根目录,解决ftp主动连接、被动连接的问题

linux上搭建ftp

重要 解决如何搭建ftp

        解决用户指定访问其根目录

        解决访问ftp超时连接

        解决ftp主动连接、被动连接的问题

1、安装ftp

   安装ftp前，先把防火墙关闭

#service iptables stop   （挺重要）

安装好后再根据需要的端口 添加到 iptables

• 直接用yum安装 vsftp

# .执行以下安装命令
    yum install -y vsftpd

# .设置开机启动服务
    chkconfig vsftpd on

# .启动服务
    service vsftpd start

• 配置 ftp 配置文件

这里只是简单的介绍几个必须的配置，具体用到的配置自己去配

#默认的配置文件是/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.cof

# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
#
# The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file
# loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable.
# Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults.
#
# READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options.
# Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's
# capabilities.
#
# Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out).
anonymous_enable=NO      #是否允许匿名登录
#
# Uncomment this to allow local users to log in.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool ftp_home_dir
local_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command.
write_enable=YES
#
# Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022,
# if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's)
local_umask=022
#
# Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only
# has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will
# obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user.
# When SELinux is enforcing check for SE bool allow_ftpd_anon_write, allow_ftpd_full_access
#anon_upload_enable=YES
#
# Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create
# new directories.
#anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES
#
# Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they
# go into a certain directory.
dirmessage_enable=YES
#
# Activate logging of uploads/downloads.
xferlog_enable=YES
#PASV_enable=NO
#
# Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data).

#主动登录
connect_from_port_20=YES     #是否允许主动登录、数据传输端口为20（防火墙必须开放端口20）     【解决访问ftp超时连接】
pasv_enable=NO               #是否被动登录，关闭被动登录                                【解决ftp主动连接、被动连接的问题】

#被动登录                      #开启被动则把上面的 注释，添加下面几个
#connect_from_port_20=NO
#pasv_enable=YES
#pasv_min_port=50000
#pasv_max_port=60000
#
# If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by
# a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not
# recommended!
#chown_uploads=YES
#chown_username=whoever
#
# You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown
# below.
xferlog_file=/var/log/xferlog   #日志
#
# If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format.
# Note that the default log file location is /var/log/xferlog in this case.
xferlog_std_format=YES
#
# You may change the default value for timing out an idle session.
#idle_session_timeout=600
#
# You may change the default value for timing out a data connection.
#data_connection_timeout=120
#
# It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the
# ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user.
#nopriv_user=ftpsecure
#
# Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not
# recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it,
# however, may confuse older FTP clients.
#async_abor_enable=YES
#
# By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore
# the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII
# mangling on files when in ASCII mode.
# Beware that on some FTP servers, ASCII support allows a denial of service
# attack (DoS) via the command "SIZE /big/file" in ASCII mode. vsftpd
# predicted this attack and has always been safe, reporting the size of the
# raw file.
# ASCII mangling is a horrible feature of the protocol.
#ascii_upload_enable=YES
#ascii_download_enable=YES
#
# You may fully customise the login banner string:
#ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service.
#
# You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently
# useful for combatting certain DoS attacks.
#deny_email_enable=YES
# (default follows)
#banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd/banned_emails
#
# You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home
# directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of
# users to NOT chroot().
# (Warning! chroot'ing can be very dangerous. If using chroot, make sure that
# the user does not have write access to the top level directory within the
# chroot)
chroot_local_user=NO                       #是否允许 用户访问其它目录 【解决用户指定访问其根目录】
chroot_list_enable=YES
# (default follows)
chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list   #配置访问目录的用户 （在chroot_list 文件配置）
allow_writeable_chroot=YES                 #(重点 新添) 配置 读写权限
#
# You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by
# default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large
# sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume
# the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it.
#ls_recurse_enable=YES
#
# When "listen" directive is enabled, vsftpd runs in standalone mode and
# listens on IPv4 sockets. This directive cannot be used in conjunction
# with the listen_ipv6 directive.
listen=NO
#
# This directive enables listening on IPv6 sockets. By default, listening
# on the IPv6 "any" address (::) will accept connections from both IPv6
# and IPv4 clients. It is not necessary to listen on *both* IPv4 and IPv6
# sockets. If you want that (perhaps because you want to listen on specific
# addresses) then you must run two copies of vsftpd with two configuration
# files.
# Make sure, that one of the listen options is commented !!
listen_ipv6=YES

pam_service_name=vsftpd
userlist_enable=YES
tcp_wrappers=YES
local_root=/mnt/ftp_user   #配置 用户的目录

• 添加用户

增加用户user001，指向目录/mnt/ftp,禁止登录SSH权限。

#添加用户，并配置根目录为 /mnt/ftp 即是 用户访问目录
useradd -d /mnt/ftp  -s /sbin/nologin user001

#添加密码
passwd user001

# 并且修改 /mnt/ftp 目录的权限
chmod -R 755 /mnt/ftp

#改变文件拥有者和群组 (看文件的拥有着，不是user001就需要)
chown user00l:user001 /mnt/ftp

• 编辑/etc/vsftpd/chroot_list目录，把用户名添加上去即可

vi /etc/vsftpd/chroot_list

#添加  user001即可
user001

到目前为至，已经完成了，重启服务就可以登录测试了

#service vsftpd restart