HAL库 TIM计数器及中断开启过程

1、初始化TIM基本计数器参数

void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {};

  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = -;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = -;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

}

2、HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2)应用参数基本参数配置

HAL_StatusTypeDef HAL_TIM_Base_Init(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* Check the TIM handle allocation */
  if (htim == NULL)
  {
    return HAL_ERROR;
  }

  /* Check the parameters */
  assert_param(IS_TIM_INSTANCE(htim->Instance));
  assert_param(IS_TIM_COUNTER_MODE(htim->Init.CounterMode));
  assert_param(IS_TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV(htim->Init.ClockDivision));
  assert_param(IS_TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD(htim->Init.AutoReloadPreload));

  if (htim->State == HAL_TIM_STATE_RESET)
  {
    /* Allocate lock resource and initialize it */
    htim->Lock = HAL_UNLOCKED;

#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
    /* Reset interrupt callbacks to legacy weak callbacks */
    TIM_ResetCallback(htim);

    if (htim->Base_MspInitCallback == NULL)
    {
      htim->Base_MspInitCallback = HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit;
    }
    /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK, NVIC */
    htim->Base_MspInitCallback(htim);
#else
    /* Init the low level hardware : GPIO, CLOCK, NVIC */
    HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
  }

  /* Set the TIM state */
  htim->State = HAL_TIM_STATE_BUSY;

  /* Set the Time Base configuration */
  TIM_Base_SetConfig(htim->Instance, &htim->Init);

  /* Initialize the TIM state*/
  htim->State = HAL_TIM_STATE_READY;

  return HAL_OK;
}

3、HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(htim) 初始化中断信息(该函数需要重写,CubeMX在配置生成代码时会自动重写该函数)

/**
  * @brief  Initializes the TIM Base MSP.
  * @param  htim TIM Base handle
  * @retval None
  */
__weak void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(htim);

  /* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
            the HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit could be implemented in the user file
   */
}

重写实现

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM2 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM2_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* TIM2 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, , );
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_MspInit 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

4、使能TIM中断

虽然经过以上配置,TIM的参数信息都已完整应用,但是TIM的中断并没用真正使能.这个地方困扰了我好久(运行没错误,但是计数中断就不触发, 不计数),必需调用以下函数使能中断,串口中断使能也是类似的.

HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(TIM_HandleTypeDef *TIM);//开启定时器中断

该函数的调用地点只要是在 HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle) 函数之后就行,可以在main.c中也可以在上面的代码之后.

下面的代码存在一个BUG,如果 HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT 函数调用写在下面的位置,虽然可以使能中断,但会造成MCU上电即触发中断的情况.

HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit调用之后会重新设置寄存器的值,__HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(tim_baseHandle, TIM_SR_UIF)清理的寄存器被改写.

void HAL_TIM_Base_MspInit(TIM_HandleTypeDef* tim_baseHandle)
{

  if(tim_baseHandle->Instance==TIM2)
  {
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_MspInit 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_MspInit 0 */
    /* TIM2 clock enable */
    __HAL_RCC_TIM2_CLK_ENABLE();

    /* TIM2 interrupt Init */
    HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(TIM2_IRQn, , );
    HAL_NVIC_EnableIRQ(TIM2_IRQn);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_MspInit 1 */
    //清理TIM开启时的中断标识
    __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_FLAG(tim_baseHandle, TIM_SR_UIF);//添加这条语句解决问题
    //htim2.Instance->SR = 0; //这是另一种解决办法
    //使能TIM中断
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(tim_baseHandle);
  /* USER CODE END TIM2_MspInit 1 */
  }
}

正确的做法是在 HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) 之后使能TIM中断,并清理TIM的更新中断寄存器

void MX_TIM2_Init(void)
{
  TIM_ClockConfigTypeDef sClockSourceConfig = {};
  TIM_MasterConfigTypeDef sMasterConfig = {};

  htim2.Instance = TIM2;
  htim2.Init.Prescaler = -;
  htim2.Init.CounterMode = TIM_COUNTERMODE_UP;
  htim2.Init.Period = -;
  htim2.Init.ClockDivision = TIM_CLOCKDIVISION_DIV1;
  htim2.Init.AutoReloadPreload = TIM_AUTORELOAD_PRELOAD_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIM_Base_Init(&htim2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sClockSourceConfig.ClockSource = TIM_CLOCKSOURCE_INTERNAL;
  if (HAL_TIM_ConfigClockSource(&htim2, &sClockSourceConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
  sMasterConfig.MasterOutputTrigger = TIM_TRGO_RESET;
  sMasterConfig.MasterSlaveMode = TIM_MASTERSLAVEMODE_DISABLE;
  if (HAL_TIMEx_MasterConfigSynchronization(&htim2, &sMasterConfig) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

    //清理TIM开启时的中断标识
    __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(&htim2, TIM_IT_UPDATE);
    //使能TIM中断
    HAL_TIM_Base_Start_IT(&htim2);
}

5、计数中断处理

/**
  * @brief This function handles TIM2 global interrupt.
  */
void TIM2_IRQHandler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 0 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 0 */
  HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim2);
  /* USER CODE BEGIN TIM2_IRQn 1 */

  /* USER CODE END TIM2_IRQn 1 */
}

HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(&htim2)中断函数处理

/**
  * @brief  This function handles TIM interrupts requests.
  * @param  htim TIM  handle
  * @retval None
  */
void HAL_TIM_IRQHandler(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* Capture compare 1 event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_CC1) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_CC1) != RESET)
    {
      {
        __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_CC1);
        htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_1;

        /* Input capture event */
        if ((htim->Instance->CCMR1 & TIM_CCMR1_CC1S) != 0x00U)
        {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
          htim->IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#else
          HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
        }
        /* Output compare event */
        else
        {
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
          htim->OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
          htim->PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#else
          HAL_TIM_OC_DelayElapsedCallback(htim);
          HAL_TIM_PWM_PulseFinishedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
        }
        htim->Channel = HAL_TIM_ACTIVE_CHANNEL_CLEARED;
      }
    }
  }
........................
........................
  /* TIM Update event */
  if (__HAL_TIM_GET_FLAG(htim, TIM_FLAG_UPDATE) != RESET)
  {
    if (__HAL_TIM_GET_IT_SOURCE(htim, TIM_IT_UPDATE) != RESET)
    {
      __HAL_TIM_CLEAR_IT(htim, TIM_IT_UPDATE);
#if (USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS == 1)
      htim->PeriodElapsedCallback(htim);
#else
      HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(htim);
#endif /* USE_HAL_TIM_REGISTER_CALLBACKS */
    }
  }
........................
........................

}

HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(htim);当计数溢出时调用的回调函数,需要用户根据实际需求具体实现

/**
  * @brief  Period elapsed callback in non-blocking mode
  * @param  htim TIM handle
  * @retval None
  */
__weak void HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)
{
  /* Prevent unused argument(s) compilation warning */
  UNUSED(htim);

  /* NOTE : This function should not be modified, when the callback is needed,
            the HAL_TIM_PeriodElapsedCallback could be implemented in the user file
   */
}

6、实现计数完成回调函数,调试代码,查看计数器中断效果.