【转】Android M(6.0) 权限爬坑之旅

原文网址：https://yanlu.me/android-m6-0-permission-chasm/

有一篇全面介绍Android M 运行时权限文章写的非常全面：Android M 新的运行时权限开发者需要知道的一切，但是实施过程中还是遇到一些坑。

坑一：用Android5.0编译的apk，在Android6.0上运行完全没有问题。

1. 在Android6.0以上才需要在运行时请求权限，在旧Android版本上保留原有逻辑，安装时授予权限。
2. 用旧版本sdk编译的apk，都使用旧版本权限方式，安装时授予权限。(也就是说：兼容旧版本)
3. 用Android6.0(targetSdkVersion 23)作为目标版本才需要处理新的权限问题。
4. 还有一个蛋疼的问题：程序运行当中，用户关闭了权限，会发生什么？（还未知）

坑二：蓝牙扫描需要位置权限，而且定位要开启

1	BluetoothUtils: Permission denial: Need ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION or ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION permission to get scan results

如何申请一个权限：用ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION举栗子

1. Manifest添加权限

Android6.0分了几种权限：Normal Permissions(安装时自动授权，用户也不能取消权限) and Dangerous Permissions

1 2	<!-- Android6.0 蓝牙扫描才需要--> <uses-permission-sdk-23 android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"/>

2. 请求权限

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//判断是否有权限 // Here, thisActivity is the current activity if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity,                 Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION)         != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED)   //请求权限 ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,                 new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},                 MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION); //判断是否需要 向用户解释，为什么要申请该权限 ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,                 Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS) //权限申请结果 onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode,         String permissions[], int[] grantResults)

坑三：Fragment请求权限

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//如果使用ActivityCompat.requestPermissions，不会调用onRequestPermissionsResult() //请求权限 requestPermissions(new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION},                 MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION); //判断是否需要 向用户解释，为什么要申请该权限 shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)

坑四：WRITE_SETTINGS权限怎么处理

android.permission.WRITE_SETTINGS不能自动授权，也不能运行时请求授权，咋整啊？通过打开Intent来让用户设置。貌似SETTINGS的权限只能这么处理，from CommonsWare research Android 6.0 changes.

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/**  * An app can use this method to check if it is currently allowed to write or modify system  * settings. In order to gain write access to the system settings, an app must declare the  * {@link android.Manifest.permission#WRITE_SETTINGS} permission in its manifest. If it is  * currently disallowed, it can prompt the user to grant it this capability through a  * management UI by sending an Intent with action  * {@link android.provider.Settings#ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS}.  *  * @param context A context  * @return true if the calling app can write to system settings, false otherwise  */  if(!Settings.System.canWrite(this)){       Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_MANAGE_WRITE_SETTINGS,                 Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));       startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE);  }     @Override protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {     if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE) {         if (Settings.System.canWrite(this)) {             //检查返回结果             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "WRITE_SETTINGS permission granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();         } else {             Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "WRITE_SETTINGS permission not granted", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();         }     } }

源码地址

GitHub地址：Android_M_requestPermissions