python3编写网络爬虫22-爬取知乎用户信息

思路

选定起始人 选一个关注数或者粉丝数多的大V作为爬虫起始点

获取粉丝和关注列表 通过知乎接口获得该大V的粉丝列表和关注列表

获取列表用户信息 获取列表每个用户的详细信息

获取每个用户的粉丝和关注 进一步对列表中的每个用户 获取他们的粉丝和关注列表实现递归爬取

起始点 https://www.zhihu.com/people/excited-vczh/answers

抓取信息

个人信息

关注列表 ajax请求

代码实现

./items.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your scraped items
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/items.html

from scrapy import Item, Field

class UserItem(Item):
　　# define the fields for your item here like:
　　id = Field()
　　name = Field()
　　avatar_url = Field()
　　headline = Field()
　　description = Field()
　　url = Field()
　　url_token = Field()
　　gender = Field()
　　cover_url = Field()
　　type = Field()
　　badge = Field()

　　answer_count = Field()
　　articles_count = Field()
　　commercial_question_count = Field()
　　favorite_count = Field()
　　favorited_count = Field()
　　follower_count = Field()
　　following_columns_count = Field()
　　following_count = Field()
　　pins_count = Field()
　　question_count = Field()
　　thank_from_count = Field()
　　thank_to_count = Field()
　　thanked_count = Field()
　　vote_from_count = Field()
　　vote_to_count = Field()
　　voteup_count = Field()
　　following_favlists_count = Field()
　　following_question_count = Field()
　　following_topic_count = Field()
　　marked_answers_count = Field()
　　mutual_followees_count = Field()
　　hosted_live_count = Field()
　　participated_live_count = Field()

　　locations = Field()
　　educations = Field()
　　employments = Field()

./middlewares.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define here the models for your spider middleware
#
# See documentation in:
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

from scrapy import signals

class ZhihuSpiderMiddleware(object):
    # Not all methods need to be defined. If a method is not defined,
    # scrapy acts as if the spider middleware does not modify the
    # passed objects.

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        # This method is used by Scrapy to create your spiders.
        s = cls()
        crawler.signals.connect(s.spider_opened, signal=signals.spider_opened)
        return s

    def process_spider_input(response, spider):
        # Called for each response that goes through the spider
        # middleware and into the spider.

        # Should return None or raise an exception.
        return None

    def process_spider_output(response, result, spider):
        # Called with the results returned from the Spider, after
        # it has processed the response.

        # Must return an iterable of Request, dict or Item objects.
        for i in result:
            yield i

    def process_spider_exception(response, exception, spider):
        # Called when a spider or process_spider_input() method
        # (from other spider middleware) raises an exception.

        # Should return either None or an iterable of Response, dict
        # or Item objects.
        pass

    def process_start_requests(start_requests, spider):
        # Called with the start requests of the spider, and works
        # similarly to the process_spider_output() method, except
        # that it doesn’t have a response associated.

        # Must return only requests (not items).
        for r in start_requests:
            yield r

    def spider_opened(self, spider):
        spider.logger.info('Spider opened: %s' % spider.name)

./pipelines.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Define your item pipelines here
#
# Don't forget to add your pipeline to the ITEM_PIPELINES setting
# See: http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
import pymongo

class ZhihuPipeline(object):
    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        return item

class MongoPipeline(object):
    collection_name = 'users'

    def __init__(self, mongo_uri, mongo_db):
        self.mongo_uri = mongo_uri
        self.mongo_db = mongo_db

    @classmethod
    def from_crawler(cls, crawler):
        return cls(
            mongo_uri=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_URI'),
            mongo_db=crawler.settings.get('MONGO_DATABASE')
        )

    def open_spider(self, spider):
        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongo_uri)
        self.db = self.client[self.mongo_db]

    def close_spider(self, spider):
        self.client.close()

    def process_item(self, item, spider):
        self.db[self.collection_name].update({'url_token': item['url_token']}, dict(item), True)
        return item

./settings.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Scrapy settings for zhihuuser project
#
# For simplicity, this file contains only settings considered important or
# commonly used. You can find more settings consulting the documentation:
#
#     http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
#     http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html

BOT_NAME = 'zhihuuser'

SPIDER_MODULES = ['zhihuuser.spiders']
NEWSPIDER_MODULE = 'zhihuuser.spiders'

# Crawl responsibly by identifying yourself (and your website) on the user-agent
# USER_AGENT = 'zhihu (+http://www.yourdomain.com)'

# Obey robots.txt rules
ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False

# Configure maximum concurrent requests performed by Scrapy (default: 16)
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS = 32

# Configure a delay for requests for the same website (default: 0)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/settings.html#download-delay
# See also autothrottle settings and docs
# DOWNLOAD_DELAY = 3
# The download delay setting will honor only one of:
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_DOMAIN = 16
# CONCURRENT_REQUESTS_PER_IP = 16

# Disable cookies (enabled by default)
# COOKIES_ENABLED = False

# Disable Telnet Console (enabled by default)
# TELNETCONSOLE_ENABLED = False

# Override the default request headers:
DEFAULT_REQUEST_HEADERS = {
    'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36',
    'authorization': 'oauth c3cef7c66a1843f8b3a9e6a1e3160e20',
}

# Enable or disable spider middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html
# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zhihuuser.middlewares.ZhihuSpiderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# SPIDER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#     'scrapy_splash.SplashDeduplicateArgsMiddleware': 100,
# }

# Enable or disable downloader middlewares
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html
# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'zhihuuser.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
# }

# DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#     'scrapy_splash.SplashCookiesMiddleware': 723,
#     'scrapy_splash.SplashMiddleware': 725,
#     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.httpcompression.HttpCompressionMiddleware': 810,
# }

# Enable or disable extensions
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/extensions.html
# EXTENSIONS = {
#    'scrapy.extensions.telnet.TelnetConsole': None,
# }

# Configure item pipelines
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/item-pipeline.html
ITEM_PIPELINES = {
    'zhihuuser.pipelines.MongoPipeline': 300,
    # 'scrapy_redis.pipelines.RedisPipeline': 301
}

# Enable and configure the AutoThrottle extension (disabled by default)
# See http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/autothrottle.html
# AUTOTHROTTLE_ENABLED = True
# The initial download delay
# AUTOTHROTTLE_START_DELAY = 5
# The maximum download delay to be set in case of high latencies
# AUTOTHROTTLE_MAX_DELAY = 60
# The average number of requests Scrapy should be sending in parallel to
# each remote server
# AUTOTHROTTLE_TARGET_CONCURRENCY = 1.0
# Enable showing throttling stats for every response received:
# AUTOTHROTTLE_DEBUG = False

# Enable and configure HTTP caching (disabled by default)
# See http://scrapy.readthedocs.org/en/latest/topics/downloader-middleware.html#httpcache-middleware-settings
# HTTPCACHE_ENABLED = True
# HTTPCACHE_EXPIRATION_SECS = 0
# HTTPCACHE_DIR = 'httpcache'
# HTTPCACHE_IGNORE_HTTP_CODES = []
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy.extensions.httpcache.FilesystemCacheStorage'

# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareDupeFilter'
# HTTPCACHE_STORAGE = 'scrapy_splash.SplashAwareFSCacheStorage'

# SPLASH_URL = 'http://192.168.99.100:8050'

MONGO_URI = 'localhost'
MONGO_DATABASE = 'zhihu'

# SCHEDULER = "scrapy_redis.scheduler.Scheduler"

# DUPEFILTER_CLASS = "scrapy_redis.dupefilter.RFPDupeFilter"

# SCHEDULER_FLUSH_ON_START = True

./spiders文件夹下 zhihu.py文件

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import json

from scrapy import Spider, Request
from zhihuuser.items import UserItem

class ZhihuSpider(Spider):
    name = "zhihu"
    allowed_domains = ["www.zhihu.com"]
    user_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}?include={include}'
    follows_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followees?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
    followers_url = 'https://www.zhihu.com/api/v4/members/{user}/followers?include={include}&offset={offset}&limit={limit}'
    start_user = 'excited-vczh'
    user_query = 'locations,employments,gender,educations,business,voteup_count,thanked_Count,follower_count,following_count,cover_url,following_topic_count,following_question_count,following_favlists_count,following_columns_count,answer_count,articles_count,pins_count,question_count,commercial_question_count,favorite_count,favorited_count,logs_count,marked_answers_count,marked_answers_text,message_thread_token,account_status,is_active,is_force_renamed,is_bind_sina,sina_weibo_url,sina_weibo_name,show_sina_weibo,is_blocking,is_blocked,is_following,is_followed,mutual_followees_count,vote_to_count,vote_from_count,thank_to_count,thank_from_count,thanked_count,description,hosted_live_count,participated_live_count,allow_message,industry_category,org_name,org_homepage,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
    follows_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'
    followers_query = 'data[*].answer_count,articles_count,gender,follower_count,is_followed,is_following,badge[?(type=best_answerer)].topics'

    def start_requests(self):
        yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.user_query), self.parse_user)
        yield Request(self.follows_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                      self.parse_follows)
        yield Request(self.followers_url.format(user=self.start_user, include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
                      self.parse_followers)

    def parse_user(self, response):
        result = json.loads(response.text)
        item = UserItem()

        for field in item.fields:
            if field in result.keys():
                item[field] = result.get(field)
        yield item

        yield Request(
            self.follows_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.follows_query, limit=20, offset=0),
            self.parse_follows)

        yield Request(
            self.followers_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.followers_query, limit=20, offset=0),
            self.parse_followers)

    def parse_follows(self, response):
        results = json.loads(response.text)

        if 'data' in results.keys():
            for result in results.get('data'):
                yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
                              self.parse_user)

        if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
            next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
            yield Request(next_page,
                          self.parse_follows)

    def parse_followers(self, response):
        results = json.loads(response.text)

        if 'data' in results.keys():
            for result in results.get('data'):
                yield Request(self.user_url.format(user=result.get('url_token'), include=self.user_query),
                              self.parse_user)

        if 'paging' in results.keys() and results.get('paging').get('is_end') == False:
            next_page = results.get('paging').get('next')
            yield Request(next_page,
                          self.parse_followers)

最后运行zhihu.py爬虫脚本 再查看MongoDB数据库中的数据 知乎用户信息数据采集就完成了。

那些步骤不理解的 欢迎下方留言