python代码实现抢票助手

一. 代码使用Python+Splinter开发，Splinter是一个使用Python开发的开源Web应用测试工具，它可以帮你实现自动浏览站点和与其进行交互。

二. 安装好Python 3或2都可以，然后安装Splinter `pip install Splinter

三. Splinter注意事项

1. Splinter的Browser类默认优先使用firefox,所以用chrome的话，需要指定driver_name="chrome",只要养成一个习惯，不管用什么浏览器都指定，问题会出得少
    2. 当然，选择chrome的话，需要查看自己浏览器的版本，需要和chromedriver版本对应(不是版本号一致),参考和下载地址

四. Splinter.broser部分方法介绍

1.  findbyid("控件id").first:根据id找到组件
    2.  visis(url):访问指定网址
    3.  fill("填充的内容"):用指定内容填充组件
    4.  click():点击事件
    5.  reload():重新加载当前文档

五. 主要思路：

1. 自动填充用户名，密码，点击图片验证码(手动),自动点击购票查询，预订，自动选择指定乘客进入提交订单页面
    2. 除登录时的图片验证码，全程自动

六. error(下面是我已经尝试成功的):

1. OSError: [WinError 193] %1 不是有效的 Win32 应用程序。
    2. 解决方案：chromedriver版本和电脑浏览器版本映射没对应
    3. ImportError: cannot import name 'Browser'。
    4. 解决方案：是否安装了Splinter `pip install Splinter`,将代码文件和chromedriver放到一个新文件夹下，防止其他文件的影响
    5. 请在运行文件前，将代码内的乘客，用户名，密码正确填写好，检查cookies是否正确

七. cookies 查看

1. 进入chrome浏览器，按F12，选中NetWork选项，如下图    
    2. 起始地址：`_jc_save_fromStation` 购票时间：`_jc_save_fromDate` 目的地：`_jc_save_toStation`

八.  运行方法

1. python trainticket.py 福建 厦门 2020-11-11
    2. OK

九.  具体代码如下

  1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
  2  """
  3  @author Jianxiong Rao
  4  """
  5  from splinter.browser import Browser
  6  from time import sleep
  7  import traceback
  8  import time,sys
  9  import os
 10
 11  class HuoChe(object):
 12   """docstring for Train"""
 13   driver_name=''
 14   executable_path=''
 15   #用户名 密码
 16   username = u"12306帐户名"
 17   passwd = u"12306密码"
 18   #cookies值自己找
 19   # 天津%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP 南昌%u5357%u660C%2CNCG 桂林%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ
 20   starts = u"%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP"
 21   ends = u"%u5357%u660C%2CNCG"
 22   #时间格式2018-02-05
 23   dtime = u"2018-02-05"
 24   #车次,选择第几趟,0则从上之下依次点击
 25   order = 0
 26   ###乘客姓名
 27   users=[u'乘客名']
 28   ##席位
 29   xb=u"二等座"
 30   pz=u"成人票"
 31   """网址"""
 32   #12306查询URL
 33   ticket_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"
 34   #12306登录URL
 35   login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"
 36   #我的12306URL
 37   initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"
 38   #购票URL
 39   buy="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"
 40   login_url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'
 41
 42   def __init__(self):
 43    self.driver_name = 'chrome'
 44    self.executable_path = os.getcwd()+'/chromedriver'
 45    print("Welcome To Use The Tool")
 46
 47   def login(self):
 48    self.driver.visit(self.login_url)
 49    #填充密码
 50    self.driver.fill("loginUserDTO.user_name",self.username)
 51    #sleep(1)
 52    self.driver.fill("userDTO.password",self.passwd)
 53    print("等待验证码，自行输入....")
 54    while True:
 55     if self.driver.url != self.initmy_url:
 56      sleep(1)
 57     else :
 58      break
 59   def start(self):
 60    self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name,executable_path = self.executable_path)
 61    self.driver.driver.set_window_size(1400,1000)
 62    self.login()
 63    #sleep(1)
 64    self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)
 65    try:
 66     print("购票页面开始....")
 67     #sleep(1)
 68     #加载查询信息
 69     self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation":self.starts})
 70     self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation":self.ends})
 71     self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate":self.dtime})
 72
 73     self.driver.reload()
 74
 75     count = 0
 76     if self.order != 0:
 77      while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:
 78       self.driver.find_bytext(u"查询").click()
 79       count += 1
 80       print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count)
 81       #sleep(1)
 82       try:
 83        self.driver.find_by_text(u'预订')[self.order - 1].click()
 84       except Exception as e:
 85        print(e)
 86        print("还没开始预订")
 87        continue
 88     else :
 89      while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:
 90       self.driver.find_by_text(u"查询").click()
 91       count += 1
 92       print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count)
 93       #sleep(0.8)
 94       try:
 95        for i in self.driver.find_by_text(u"预订"):
 96         i.click()
 97         sleep(1)
 98       except Exception as e:
 99        print(e)
100        print("还没开始预订 %s "%count)
101        continue
102     print("开始预订....")
103     #sleep(1)
104     #self.driver.reload()
105     sleep(1)
106     print("开始选择用户....")
107     for user in self.users:
108      self.driver.find_by_text(user).last.click()
109     print("提交订单....")
110     sleep(1)
111     # self.driver.find_by_text(self.pz).click()
112     # self.driver.find_by_id('').select(self.pz)
113     # sleep(1)
114     # self.driver.find_by_text(self.xb).click()
115     # sleep(1)
116     self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()
117     print("开始选座...")
118     # self.driver.find_by_id('1D').last.click()
119     # self.driver.find_by_id('1F').last.click()
120     sleep(1.5)
121     print("确认选座....")
122     self.driver.find_by_text('qr_submit_id').click()
123
124    except Exception as e:
125     print(e)
126
127  cities={
128  '福建':'%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP',
129  '厦门':'%u5357%u660C%2CNCG',
130
131  }
132
133  if __name__=="__main__":
134   train = HuoChe()
135   train.starts = cities[sys.argv[1]]
136   train.ends = cities[sys.argv[2]]
137   train.dtime = sys.argv[3]
138   train.start()

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

 """

 @author Jianxiong Rao

 """

 from splinter.browser import Browser

 from time import sleep

 import traceback

 import time,sys

 import os

  

 class HuoChe(object):

  """docstring for Train"""

  driver_name=''

  executable_path=''

  #用户名 密码

  username = u"12306帐户名"

  passwd = u"12306密码"

  #cookies值自己找

  # 天津%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP 南昌%u5357%u660C%2CNCG 桂林%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ

  starts = u"%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP"

  ends = u"%u5357%u660C%2CNCG"

  #时间格式2018-02-05

  dtime = u"2018-02-05"

  #车次,选择第几趟,0则从上之下依次点击

  order = 0

  ###乘客姓名

  users=[u'乘客名']

  ##席位

  xb=u"二等座"

  pz=u"成人票"

  """网址"""

  #12306查询URL

  ticket_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/leftTicket/init"

  #12306登录URL

  login_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init"

  #我的12306URL

  initmy_url = "https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/index/initMy12306"

  #购票URL

  buy="https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/confirmPassenger/initDc"

  login_url='https://kyfw.12306.cn/otn/login/init'

  

  def __init__(self):

   self.driver_name = 'chrome'

   self.executable_path = os.getcwd()+'/chromedriver'

   print("Welcome To Use The Tool")

   

  def login(self):

   self.driver.visit(self.login_url)

   #填充密码

   self.driver.fill("loginUserDTO.user_name",self.username)

   #sleep(1)

   self.driver.fill("userDTO.password",self.passwd)

   print("等待验证码，自行输入....")

   while True:

    if self.driver.url != self.initmy_url:

     sleep(1)

    else :

     break

  def start(self):

   self.driver = Browser(driver_name=self.driver_name,executable_path = self.executable_path)

   self.driver.driver.set_window_size(1400,1000)

   self.login()

   #sleep(1)

   self.driver.visit(self.ticket_url)

   try:

    print("购票页面开始....")

    #sleep(1)

    #加载查询信息

    self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromStation":self.starts})

    self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_toStation":self.ends})

    self.driver.cookies.add({"_jc_save_fromDate":self.dtime})

     

    self.driver.reload()

  

    count = 0

    if self.order != 0:

     while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:

      self.driver.find_bytext(u"查询").click()

      count += 1

      print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count)

      #sleep(1)

      try:

       self.driver.find_by_text(u'预订')[self.order - 1].click()

      except Exception as e:

       print(e)

       print("还没开始预订")

       continue

    else :

     while self.driver.url == self.ticket_url:

      self.driver.find_by_text(u"查询").click()

      count += 1

      print("循环点击查询.... 第 %s 次"%count)

      #sleep(0.8)

      try:

       for i in self.driver.find_by_text(u"预订"):

        i.click()

        sleep(1)

      except Exception as e:

       print(e)

       print("还没开始预订 %s "%count)

       continue

    print("开始预订....")

    #sleep(1)

    #self.driver.reload()

    sleep(1)

    print("开始选择用户....")

    for user in self.users:

     self.driver.find_by_text(user).last.click()

    print("提交订单....")

    sleep(1)

    # self.driver.find_by_text(self.pz).click()

    # self.driver.find_by_id('').select(self.pz)

    # sleep(1)

    # self.driver.find_by_text(self.xb).click()

    # sleep(1)

    self.driver.find_by_id('submitOrder_id').click()

    print("开始选座...")

    # self.driver.find_by_id('1D').last.click()

    # self.driver.find_by_id('1F').last.click()

    sleep(1.5)

    print("确认选座....")

    self.driver.find_by_text('qr_submit_id').click()

  

   except Exception as e:

    print(e)

  

 cities={

 '天津':'%u5929%u6D25%2CTJP',

 '南昌':'%u5357%u660C%2CNCG',

 '桂林':'%u6842%u6797%2CGLZ'

 }

  

 if __name__=="__main__":

  train = HuoChe()

  train.starts = cities[sys.argv[1]]

  train.ends = cities[sys.argv[2]]

  train.dtime = sys.argv[3]

  train.start()