Mysql 管理和备份

mysqladmin用于管理MySQL服务器的客户端，mysqladmin执行管理操作的客户程序，可以用它来创建或删除数据库，重载授权表，将表刷新到硬盘上，以及重新打开日志文件，检索版本、进程，以及服务器的状态信息。

调用格式:mysqladmin [options] command [command-arg] [command [command-arg]] ...

Format	Description	Introduced
--bind-address	Use specified network interface to connect to MySQL Server	5.6.1
--compress	Compress all information sent between client and server
--connect_timeout	Number of seconds before connection timeout
--count	Number of iterations to make for repeated command execution
--debug	Write debugging log
--debug-check	Print debugging information when program exits
--debug-info	Print debugging information, memory, and CPU statistics when program exits
--default-auth	Authentication plugin to use
--default-character-set	Specify default character set
--defaults-extra-file	Read named option file in addition to usual option files
--defaults-file	Read only named option file
--defaults-group-suffix	Option group suffix value
--enable-cleartext-plugin	Enable cleartext authentication plugin	5.6.7
--force	Continue even if an SQL error occurs
--help	Display help message and exit
--host	Connect to MySQL server on given host
--login-path	Read login path options from .mylogin.cnf	5.6.6
--no-beep	Do not beep when errors occur
--no-defaults	Read no option files
--password	Password to use when connecting to server
--pipe	On Windows, connect to server using named pipe
--plugin-dir	Directory where plugins are installed
--port	TCP/IP port number to use for connection
--print-defaults	Print default options
--protocol	Connection protocol to use
--relative	Show the difference between the current and previous values when used with the --sleep option
--secure-auth	Do not send passwords to server in old (pre-4.1) format	5.6.17
--shared-memory-base-name	The name of shared memory to use for shared-memory connections
--shutdown_timeout	The maximum number of seconds to wait for server shutdown
--silent	Silent mode
--sleep	Execute commands repeatedly, sleeping for delay seconds in between
--socket	For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use
--ssl	Enable secure connection
--ssl-ca	Path of file that contains list of trusted SSL CAs
--ssl-capath	Path of directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in PEM format
--ssl-cert	Path of file that contains X509 certificate in PEM format
--ssl-cipher	List of permitted ciphers to use for connection encryption
--ssl-crl	Path of file that contains certificate revocation lists	5.6.3
--ssl-crlpath	Path of directory that contains certificate revocation list files	5.6.3
--ssl-key	Path of file that contains X509 key in PEM format
--ssl-mode	Security state of connection to server	5.6.30
--ssl-verify-server-cert	Verify server certificate Common Name value against host name used when connecting to server
--user	MySQL user name to use when connecting to server
--verbose	Verbose mode
--version	Display version information and exit
--vertical	Print query output rows vertically (one line per column value)
--wait	If the connection cannot be established, wait and retry instead of aborting

更多信息查看：http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysqladmin.html

使用举例：

//修改密码
shell>mysqladmin -u root -p password 'newpassword';

//重新加载授权表
shell>mysqladmin -u root -p reload;

//查看服务器版本
shell>mysqladmin -u root -p version;

//检测服务器mysql是否可用
shell>mysqladmin -u root -p ping;

//显示mysql进程表
shell>mysqladmin -u root -p processlist;

Mysqldump

Mysqldump是MySQL数据库逻辑备份的常用工具，在日常的维护工作中经常会用到,这里对这个工具的使用做一个简单的介绍。

有以下 3 种方法来调用mysqldump：

(1)备份指定的数据库，或者此数据库中某些表.

shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tbl_name ...]

(2)备份指定的一个或多个数据库.

shell> mysqldump [options] --databases db_name ...

(3)备份所有数据库,如果没有指定数据库中的任何表，默认导出所有数据库中所有表.

shell> mysqldump [options] --all-databases

[options]选项如下：

Format	Description	Introduced
--add-drop-database	Add DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE statement
--add-drop-table	Add DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement
--add-drop-trigger	Add DROP TRIGGER statement before each CREATE TRIGGER statement
--add-locks	Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES statements
--all-databases	Dump all tables in all databases
--allow-keywords	Allow creation of column names that are keywords
--apply-slave-statements	Include STOP SLAVE prior to CHANGE MASTER statement and START SLAVE at end of output
--bind-address	Use specified network interface to connect to MySQL Server	5.6.1
--character-sets-dir	Directory where character sets are installed
--comments	Add comments to dump file
--compact	Produce more compact output
--compatible	Produce output that is more compatible with other database systems or with older MySQL servers
--complete-insert	Use complete INSERT statements that include column names
--compress	Compress all information sent between client and server
--create-options	Include all MySQL-specific table options in CREATE TABLE statements
--databases	Interpret all name arguments as database names
--debug	Write debugging log
--debug-check	Print debugging information when program exits
--debug-info	Print debugging information, memory, and CPU statistics when program exits
--default-auth	Authentication plugin to use
--default-character-set	Specify default character set
--defaults-extra-file	Read named option file in addition to usual option files
--defaults-file	Read only named option file
--defaults-group-suffix	Option group suffix value
--delayed-insert	Write INSERT DELAYED statements rather than INSERT statements
--delete-master-logs	On a master replication server, delete the binary logs after performing the dump operation
--disable-keys	For each table, surround INSERT statements with statements to disable and enable keys
--dump-date	Include dump date as "Dump completed on" comment if --comments is given
--dump-slave	Include CHANGE MASTER statement that lists binary log coordinates of slave's master
--enable-cleartext-plugin	Enable cleartext authentication plugin	5.6.28
--events	Dump events from dumped databases
--extended-insert	Use multiple-row INSERT syntax
--fields-enclosed-by	This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the corresponding clause for LOAD DATA INFILE
--fields-escaped-by	This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the corresponding clause for LOAD DATA INFILE
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by	This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the corresponding clause for LOAD DATA INFILE
--fields-terminated-by	This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the corresponding clause for LOAD DATA INFILE
--flush-logs	Flush MySQL server log files before starting dump
--flush-privileges	Emit a FLUSH PRIVILEGES statement after dumping mysql database
--force	Continue even if an SQL error occurs during a table dump
--help	Display help message and exit
--hex-blob	Dump binary columns using hexadecimal notation
--host	Host to connect to (IP address or hostname)
--ignore-table	Do not dump given table
--include-master-host-port	Include MASTER_HOST/MASTER_PORT options in CHANGE MASTER statement produced with --dump-slave
--insert-ignore	Write INSERT IGNORE rather than INSERT statements
--lines-terminated-by	This option is used with the --tab option and has the same meaning as the corresponding clause for LOAD DATA INFILE
--lock-all-tables	Lock all tables across all databases
--lock-tables	Lock all tables before dumping them
--log-error	Append warnings and errors to named file
--login-path	Read login path options from .mylogin.cnf	5.6.6
--master-data	Write the binary log file name and position to the output
--max_allowed_packet	Maximum packet length to send to or receive from server
--net_buffer_length	Buffer size for TCP/IP and socket communication
--no-autocommit	Enclose the INSERT statements for each dumped table within SET autocommit = 0 and COMMIT statements
--no-create-db	Do not write CREATE DATABASE statements
--no-create-info	Do not write CREATE TABLE statements that re-create each dumped table
--no-data	Do not dump table contents
--no-defaults	Read no option files
--no-set-names	Same as --skip-set-charset
--no-tablespaces	Do not write any CREATE LOGFILE GROUP or CREATE TABLESPACE statements in output
--opt	Shorthand for --add-drop-table --add-locks --create-options --disable-keys --extended-insert --lock-tables --quick --set-charset.
--order-by-primary	Dump each table's rows sorted by its primary key, or by its first unique index
--password	Password to use when connecting to server
--pipe	On Windows, connect to server using named pipe
--plugin-dir	Directory where plugins are installed
--port	TCP/IP port number to use for connection
--print-defaults	Print default options
--protocol	Connection protocol to use
--quick	Retrieve rows for a table from the server a row at a time
--quote-names	Quote identifiers within backtick characters
--replace	Write REPLACE statements rather than INSERT statements
--result-file	Direct output to a given file
--routines	Dump stored routines (procedures and functions) from dumped databases
--secure-auth	Do not send passwords to server in old (pre-4.1) format	5.6.17
--set-charset	Add SET NAMES default_character_set to output
--set-gtid-purged	Whether to add SET @@GLOBAL.GTID_PURGED to output	5.6.9
--shared-memory-base-name	The name of shared memory to use for shared-memory connections
--single-transaction	Issue a BEGIN SQL statement before dumping data from server
--skip-add-drop-table	Do not add a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement
--skip-add-locks	Do not add locks
--skip-comments	Do not add comments to dump file
--skip-compact	Do not produce more compact output
--skip-disable-keys	Do not disable keys
--skip-extended-insert	Turn off extended-insert
--skip-opt	Turn off options set by --opt
--skip-quick	Do not retrieve rows for a table from the server a row at a time
--skip-quote-names	Do not quote identifiers
--skip-set-charset	Do not write SET NAMES statement
--skip-triggers	Do not dump triggers
--skip-tz-utc	Turn off tz-utc
--socket	For connections to localhost, the Unix socket file to use
--ssl	Enable secure connection
--ssl-ca	Path of file that contains list of trusted SSL CAs
--ssl-capath	Path of directory that contains trusted SSL CA certificates in PEM format
--ssl-cert	Path of file that contains X509 certificate in PEM format
--ssl-cipher	List of permitted ciphers to use for connection encryption
--ssl-crl	Path of file that contains certificate revocation lists	5.6.3
--ssl-crlpath	Path of directory that contains certificate revocation list files	5.6.3
--ssl-key	Path of file that contains X509 key in PEM format
--ssl-mode	Security state of connection to server	5.6.30
--ssl-verify-server-cert	Verify server certificate Common Name value against host name used when connecting to server
--tab	Produce tab-separated data files
--tables	Override --databases or -B option
--triggers	Dump triggers for each dumped table
--tz-utc	Add SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' to dump file
--user	MySQL user name to use when connecting to server
--verbose	Verbose mode
--version	Display version information and exit
--where	Dump only rows selected by given WHERE condition
--xml	Produce XML output

更多信息查看官网:http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/mysqldump.html#option_mysqldump_routines

经常使用到的命令：

1.数据备份

//导出某个数据库--结构+数据
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt python_db > test.sql;
//导出某个数据库的表--结构+数据+函数+存储过程
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt -R python_db > test.sql;
//导出多个数据库
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt --databases db_name1 db_name2 db_name3  > mul.sql
//导出所有的数据库
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt --all-databases > adb.sql
//导出某个数据库的结构
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt --no-data  db_name > db.sql
//导出某个数据库的数据
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt --no-create-info db_name>db.sql
//导出某个数据库的某张表
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt db_name tbl_name > tb_name.sql
// 导出某个数据库的某张表的结构
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1' --opt --no-data db_name tal_name > tb_name.sql
//导出某个数据库的某张表的数据
shell>mysqldump -u root -p --host='127.0.0.1'  --opt --no-create-info db_name tbl_name > db.sql
//--opt==--add-drop-table + --add-locks + --create-options + --disables-keys + --extended-insert + --lock-tables + --quick + --set+charset
//默认使用--opt，--skip-opt禁用--opt参数

//mysqldump命令中带有一个 --where/-w 参数，它用来设定数据导出的条件，使用方式和SQL查询命令中中的where基本上相同，有了它，我们就可以从数据库中导出你需要的那部分数据了。//
//命令格式如下：mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 数据库名 表名 --where="筛选条件" > 导出文件路径
//从meteo数据库的sdata表中导出sensorid=11 且 fieldid=0的数据到 /home/xyx/Temp.sql 这个文件中
shell>mysqldump -uroot -p123456 meteo sdata --where=" sensorid=11 and fieldid=0" > /home/xyx/Temp.sql

2.数据还原

(1).使用mysqldump命令还原数据库的语法如下：

mysql -u root -p [dbname] < backup.sq

示例：

mysql -u root -p < C:\backup.sql

(2).使用source命令还原数据

输入mysql进入mysql命令行模式，在输入：

use python_db　　　　     //首先选择数据库
source ./data.sql 　　　　//数据存放目录+文件名