爬虫--PyQuery
什么是PyQuery？
PyQuery
初始化
字符串初始化
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html="""
<div>
<ul>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1">
<a href="link2.html">second item</a>
</li>
<li class="item-0 active">
<a href="link3.html>
<span class="bold">third item</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-1 active">
<a href="link4.html">f
ourth item
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-0">
<a href="link5.html">
fifth item
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
""" doc=pq(html)
print(doc("li"))
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1">
<a href="link2.html">second item</a>
</li>
<li class="item-0 active">
<a href="link3.html> <span class=" bold="">third item
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-1 active">
<a href="link4.html">f
ourth item
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-0">
<a href="link5.html">
fifth item
</a>
</li>
打印后的结果为：
URL初始化
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(url="http://www.baidu.com")
print(doc("head"))
<head><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8"/><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"/><meta content="always" name="referrer"/><link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css"/><title>ç¾åº¦ä¸ä¸ï¼ä½ å°±ç¥é</title></head>
打印后的结果为：
文件初始化
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq doc = pq(filename="demo.html")
print(doc("li"))
基本CSS选择器
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div id = "container">
<ul>
<li class="item-0">
first item
</li>
<li class="item-1">
<a href="link2.html">second item</a>
</li>
<li class="item-2 active">
<a href="link3.html>
<span class="bold">third item</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-3 active">
<a href="link4.html">f
ourth item
</a>
</li>
<li class="item-4">
<a href="link5.html">
fifth item
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
doc = pq(html)
print(doc("#container .item-0"))
<li class="item-0">
first item
</li>
打印的结果为：
查找元素
子元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list>
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".list")
print(type(items))
docs = doc.find("li")
print(type(docs))
print(docs)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".list")
docs = items.children() # 查找所有的直接子元素
docs1 = items.children(".active")
print(docs)
print(docs1)
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
父元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
"""
doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".list")
docs = items.parent() # 查找所有的直接父元素
print(docs)
print(type(docs))
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div> <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
打印后的结果：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".list")
docs = items.parents() # 查找所有的直接子元素
print(type(docs))
print(docs)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<html><body><div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div></div></body></html><body><div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div></div></body><div class="wrap">
<div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
</div></div><div id="container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
打印后的结果为：
兄弟元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-0")
print(type(items.siblings()))
print(items.siblings())
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-0active") # 同时匹配.item-0和active，若都包含item-0 + active则打印，否则不打印
item = doc(".item-0")
print(item.siblings())
print(type(items.siblings()))
print(items.siblings())
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li> <class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
打印后的结果为：
遍历
单个元素
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-0.active") # 同时匹配.item-0和active，若都包含item-0 + active则打印，否则不打印
print(type(items))
print(items)
<class 'pyquery.pyquery.PyQuery'>
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
打印后的结果为：
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc("li").items() # 遍历items ,此时的items是一个迭代器
print(type(items))
for li in items:
print(li)
<class 'generator'>
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class=" bold="">third item</a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
获取信息
获取属性
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1 a")
print(items.attr("href"))
print(items.attr.href)
link2.html
link2.html
打印后的结果为：
获取文本
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1")
print(items.text())
second item
打印后的结果为：
获取html
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1")
print(items)
print(items.html())
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> <a href="link2.html">second item</a>
打印后的结果为：
DOM操作
addClass , removeClass
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1")
print(items.remove_class("active"))
print(items.add_class("actives"))
<li class="item-1"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> <li class="item-1 actives"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
attr , css
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1")
print(items.attr("name","names"))
print(items.css("font-size","14px"))
<li class="item-1 active" name="names"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li> <li class="item-1 active" name="names" style="font: 14px"><a href="link2.html">second item</a></li>
打印后的结果为：
remove
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item<p>Third times</p></a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
items = doc(".item-1")
print(items.text())
print("---------------")
items.find('p').remove()
print(items.text())
second item
Third times
---------------
second item
打印后的结果为：
其他DOM方法
https://pythonhosted.org/pyquery/api.html
伪类选择器
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq html= """
<div class = "wrap">
<div id = "container">
<ul class="list">
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item<p>Third times</p></a></li>
<li class="item-2 active"><a href="link3.html><span class="bold">third item</span></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
""" doc = pq(html)
li = doc("li:first-child")
print(li)
print("------------------------------------------------------------")
li = doc("li:last-child")
print(li)
print("------------------------------------------------------------")
li = doc("li:gt(2)")
print(li)
print("------------------------------------------------------------")
li = doc("li:nth-child(2)") # 指定一个索引顺序，获取第二个li标签
print(li)
print("------------------------------------------------------------")
li = doc("li:nth-child(2n)") # 指定一个索引顺序，获取偶数的li标签
print(li)
print("------------------------------------------------------------")
li = doc("li:contains(second)") # 查找包含second的文本标签
print(li)
<li class="item-0 active">first item</li>
------------------------------------------------------------
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
------------------------------------------------------------
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
<li class="item-4"><a href="link5.html">fifth item</a></li>
------------------------------------------------------------
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item<p>Third times</p></a></li>
------------------------------------------------------------
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item<p>Third times</p></a></li>
<li class="item-3 active"><a href="link4.html">fourth item</a></li>
------------------------------------------------------------
<li class="item-1 active"><a href="link2.html">second item<p>Third times</p></a></li>
打印后的结果为：
更多的CSS选择器可以查看：http://www.w3school.com.cn/css/index.asp
Pyquery的官方文档可以查看：https://pythonhosted.org/pyquery/api.html
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