ORACLE11g R2【单实例 FS→单实例FS】

本演示案例所用环境：

	primary	standby
OS Hostname	pry	std
OS Version	RHEL6.5	RHEL6.5
DB Version	11.2.0.4	11.2.0.4
db_name	stephen	stephen
db_unique_name	stephen	standby
service_names	stephen	standby
instance_name	stephen	standby

Primary database configure

1.启用primary force logging

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

SQL> alter database force logging;

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) tnsnames.ora

STEPHEN =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

(2) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。

$ tnsping standby

(2) 密码文件

若无密码文件，则创建密码文件。格式：orapw<ORACLE_SID>

cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs

orapwd file=orapwstephen password=oracle ignorecase=y force=y

3.添加standby logfiles

添加standby logfile 的要求：

(1) 确保主和备数据库上的日志文件大小是相同的

(2) 确定备库重做日志文件组的适当数目

Standby logfile数 = （每个线程的logfile数＋1）* 线程数

(3) 检查create database时指定的MAXLOGFILES和MAXLOGMEMBERS参数，可以通过trace controlfile出来查看

(4) RAC环境创建standby logfile,指定thread#创建

每个thread的standby logfile数 = 每个thread的logfile数 + 1

检查当前环境的logfile：

set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

根据查询的logfile 信息上文添加standby logfile的要求，添加合理的standby logfile,然后用上面的sql再次查看当前环境的logfile：

SQL> alter database add standby logfile

group 4 '/oradata/stephen/redo04.log' size 50M,

group 5 '/oradata/stephen/redo05.log' size 50M,

group 6 '/oradata/stephen/redo06.log' size 50M,

group 7 '/oradata/stephen/redo07.log' size 50M;

4.修改primary参数文件

备份spfile：

create pfile='/tmp/pfile.bak' from spfile;

修改以下参数，其中stephen,standby分别为primary,standby的db_unqiue_name/TNS-Alias,详见参数详解部分：

alter system set log_archive_config='dg_config=(stephen,standby)';

alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=stephen';

alter system set log_archive_dest_2='service=standby lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=standby';

alter system set log_archive_max_processes=30; #根据需求调整个数

确认以下参数默认值，如不为以下参数值，则修改：

alter system set remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive scope=spfile;

# remote_login_passwordfile=exclusive/shared

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_1=enable;

alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2=enable;

log_archive_format参数控制归档文件名称格式，默认值以.dbf结尾，为了与datafile区分，建议修改为.arc结尾：

alter system set log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' scope=spfile;

当primary切换为standby角色后，需要增加修改以下参数，建议配置：

alter system set fal_server=standby;

alter system set standby_file_management=auto;

# primary和standby的datafile和logfile存储路径不一样时，设定以下参数：

alter system set db_file_name_convert='/oradata/standby','/oradata/stephen' scope=spfile;

alter system set log_file_name_convert='/oradata/standby','/oradata/stephen' scope=spfile;

注：以上参数，指定spfile修改的，在实例重启后生效。

5.打开归档模式

首先确认当前数据库是否是归档模式，如果不是，则打开归档模式。

archive log list;

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

archive log list;

alter database open;

6.备份primary database

可以使用之前的备份，但需要确保备份以来的归档没有丢失。

rman target / <<EOF

run{allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

backup full database format '/backup/full_%U.bak' plus archivelog;

sql 'alter system switch logfile';

backup current controlfile for standby format '/backup/c_%U.bak';

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

EOF

Standby database configure

1.配置环境变量

export ORACLE_BASE=/oracle/app/oracle

export ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

export ORACLE_SID=standby

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib #不同平台变量名不一样

2.配置redo传输认证

(1) listener.ora

配置静态监听：

LISTENER =

(ADDRESS_LIST=

(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=std)(PORT=1521))

)

SID_LIST_LISTENER=

(SID_LIST=

(SID_DESC=

(GLOBAL_DBNAME=standby)

(SID_NAME=standby)

(ORACLE_HOME=/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)

)

启用监听：

lsnrctl start

lsnrctl status

(2) tnsnames.ora

STEPHEN =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = pry)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = stephen)

)

STANDBY =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = std)(PORT = 1521))

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SERVER = DEDICATED)

(SERVICE_NAME = standby)

)

(3) tnsping命令解析网络服务名,命令须返回OK.

此时，standby端未配置监听，无法解析，可以standby配置后再测试。

$ tnsping stephen

(4) 密码文件

使用主库的密码文件：

scp pry:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstephen $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwstandby

3.创建相关目录

mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/admin/standby/{adump,dpdump,pfile}

mkdir -p /oradata/{standby,arch}

4.参数文件

用primary的pfile加以修改，以保证某些参数与primary保持一致，注意主备库内存的大小适当的调整内存相关参数。

scp pry:/tmp/pfile.bak $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initstandby.ora

修改pfile为需要的standby pfile,并创建spfile.特别注意以下事例的参数设定：

*.audit_file_dest='/oracle/app/oracle/admin/standby/adump'

*.audit_trail='db'

*.control_files='/oradata/standby/control01.ctl'

*.db_name='stephen'

*.db_unique_name='standby'

*.instance_name='standby'

*.service_names='standby'

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'

*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc'

*.log_archive_config='dg_config=(standby,stephen)'

*.log_archive_dest_1='location=/oradata/arch valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=standby'

*.log_archive_dest_2='service=stephen lgwr async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_role) db_unique_name=stephen'

*.log_archive_dest_state_1='enable'

*.log_archive_max_processes=30 #根据需求调整个数

*.fal_server='stephen'

*.standby_file_management=auto

*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'

#主、备库日志文件和数据文件存放路径不一致，设定以下参数：

*.db_file_name_convert='/oradata/stephen','/oradata/standby'

*.log_file_name_convert='/oradata/stephen','/oradata/standby'

创建spfile：

create spfile from pfile;

5.恢复standby controlfile

SQL> startup nomount;

RMAN> restore standby controlfile from '/backup/c_05qlbira_1_1.bak';

6.恢复数据文件

启动数据库到mount阶段，恢复数据文件。

(1)standby 与primary数据文件存放路径一致:

RMAN> sql 'alter database mount standby database';

run

{allocate channel c1 type disk;

allocate channel c2 type disk;

resotore database;

recover database;

release channel c1;

release channel c2;

}

(2) standby 与primary数据文件存放路径不一致：

查询primary database的数据文件信息：

set lines 300 pages 300

col name for a60

col member for a60

select file#,name from v$datafile

union all

select file#,name from v$tempfile;

启动standby到mount阶段，恢复数据文件：

RMAN> sql 'alter database mount standby database';

run

{set newname for datafile 1 to '/oradata/standby/system01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 2 to '/oradata/standby/sysaux01.dbf';

set newname for datafile 3 to '/oradata/standby/undotbs1.dbf';

set newname for datafile 4 to '/oradata/standby/user01.dbf';

set newname for tempfile 1 to '/oradata/standby/temp01.dbf';

restore database;

switch datafile all;

switch tempfile all;

recover database;

}

查看standby database log file:

set lines 200 pages 300

col member for a60

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB

from v$log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#

union all

select a.thread#,a.group#,b.member,b.type,a.bytes/1024/1024 MB

from v$standby_log a,v$logfile b where a.group#=b.group#;

7.应用日志

应用archive log：

recover managed standby database disconnect;

应用redo logfile：

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

取消应用日志：

recover managed standby database cancel;

11g Physical standby database可打开至read only模式，也就是常说的Active Dataguard.可迁移查询的业务至Active DG上，减小primary DB的压力。

打开数据库至read only模式并开始实时复制：

alter database open read only;

recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect;

8.观察日志传输

跟踪primary,standby database的alert log,观察是否有错误发生，也可以看到应用日志的相关信息。

确认standby是否应用日志：

--primary端多切几次日志，观察alert log信息。

alter system switch logfile;

--观察主备库日志序列号

archive log list;

--primary端查询v$archived_log视图，确认日志是否被应用：

set lines 300 pages 300

col name for a20

select name,dest_id,thread#,sequence#,standby_dest,applied,registrar,completion_time from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES'

order by thread#,sequence#;

--primary端查询primary,standby的最大日志序列号是否一致：

select 'Primary :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='NO'

group by thread#

union

select 'Standby :' "DB Role",thread#,max(sequence#)

from v$archived_log

where standby_dest='YES' and applied='YES'

group by thread#

order by thread#;