# 获取百度网站首页上的所有a标签里的 href属性值：

# import requests

# from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

# # html = requests.get('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon')

# html = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

# bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

# for link in bs.find_all(lambda tag: 'href' in tag.attrs):

#     print(link.attrs['href'])

# import requests

# import re

# from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

# # html = requests.get('http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin_Bacon')

# html = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

# bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

# for link in bs.find_all('', {'href':re.compile('\.com')}):

#     print(link.attrs['href'])

# import requests

# from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

# html = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

# bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

# for link in bs.find_all('a'):

#     if 'href' in link.attrs:

#         print(link.attrs['href'])

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

def geturl(url):

    html = requests.get(url)

    bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

    return bs.find_all('a')

links=geturl('http://www.baidu.com')

for link in links:

    if 'href' in link.attrs:

        print(link.attrs['href'])


http://news.baidu.com

http://www.hao123.com

http://map.baidu.com

http://v.baidu.com

http://tieba.baidu.com

http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1

//www.baidu.com/more/

http://home.baidu.com

http://ir.baidu.com

http://www.baidu.com/duty/

http://jianyi.baidu.com/




import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

def geturl(url):

    html = requests.get(url)

    bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

    return bs.find_all('', {'href':re.compile('http://')})

# links=geturl('http://www.baidu.com')

# print(list)

# links_in_news=set(geturl(links[1].attrs['href']))  # set(list) 去重变为集合

# for link in links_in_news:

#    print(link.attrs['href'])

print('-------------------------------------------------------------------------')

links=geturl('http://www.baidu.com')

for link in links:

    if '//news.' in link.attrs['href']:

        links_in_news=set(geturl(link.attrs['href']))  # set(list) 去重变为集合

        for link in links_in_news:

            print(link.attrs['href'])

        break


-------------------------------------------------------------------------

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670182176542294758

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670237336710694101

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670287125142703268

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670255408896313915

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670191066909619203

http://v.baidu.com/

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670253988609166598

 http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/23/ARTIHsG0yhCaD2YJUSFy7Qwt200623.shtml

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670286769270600802

http://news.cctv.com/2020/06/23/ARTIpnapIHyb413WeY46ShDy200623.shtml

http://m.top.cnr.cn/bdxw/20200623/t20200623_525141426.html

http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2020/0623/c1002-31756267.html

http://m.news.cctv.com/2020/06/23/ARTIDAQdwzQFMOkbW2Z0ehEk200623.shtml

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670245143050480742

http://m.news.cctv.com/2020/06/18/ARTIYNwiYAjjHBmGeAXpERs3200618.shtml

http://m.xinhuanet.com/yn/2020-06/23/c_139161263.htm

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670194818426496533

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670232858345398185

http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-06/23/c_1126147531.htm

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670251112933488182

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670254276238905964

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670255017218969710

http://music.baidu.com/

http://m.top.cnr.cn/bdxw/20200623/t20200623_525141422.html

http://app.cctv.com/special/cportal/detail/arti/index.html?id=Arti8bFV6wkTJPYEkaZYVvoC200622&fromapp=cctvnews&version=805&allow_comment=1&allow_comment=1

http://map.baidu.com/

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670243226621040644

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670254944449236682

http://net.china.cn/chinese/index.htm

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670250874637091231

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670232858345398185

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670289098569528699

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670247580845339645

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670254849012760202

http://m.top.cnr.cn/bdxw/20200623/t20200623_525141424.html

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670246144336669257

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670254276238905964

http://app.cctv.com/special/cportal/detail/arti/index.html?id=ArtiLXGGutc9OLD23xo3Y3dN200622&fromapp=cctvnews&version=805&allow_comment=1&allow_comment=1

http://www.qstheory.cn/zt2019/llxjj/index.htm

http://www.cyberpolice.cn/wfjb/

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670250874637091231

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670239896280719334

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670248053773599893

http://image.baidu.com/

http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1670243226621040644

http://news.baidu.com/

http://tieba.baidu.com/

http://wenku.baidu.com/

http://report.12377.cn:13225/toreportinputNormal_anis.do

http://www.xinhuanet.com/politics/2020-06/23/c_1126149333.htm

http://app.cctv.com/special/cportal/detail/arti/index.html?id=ArtiA1FM8grjZNDdJ15XVvv8200623&fromapp=cctvnews&version=727

http://downpack.baidu.com/baidunews_AndroidPhone_1014720b.apk

http://www.bjjubao.org/

http://www.qstheory.cn/zt2017/xcgcdd19djs/index.htm


li=[1,2,2,3,4,3,6,4,3]

s=set(li)  #set(list) 去重变为集合

print(s)


{1, 2, 3, 4, 6}


# 递归 抓取所有的链接及链接页面的链接...：

import requests

from requests import exceptions

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup 

pages=set()

def geturl(url):

    global pages

    headers = {'User-Agent': 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36'}

    # 捕获异常

    try:

        html = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

    except exceptions.ConnectionError:

        # print(url)

        print("连接错误")

    else:

        bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

        links=set(bs.find_all('', {'href':re.compile('^(http://)|^(https://)')}))  # set去重

        if links:

            for link in links:

                if link.attrs['href'] not in pages:  # 去重

                    pages.add(link.attrs['href'])

                    print(link.attrs['href'])

                    geturl(link.attrs['href'])  # 递归

        else:

            print("已爬完！")

home_link='http://www.baidu.com'

geturl(home_link)

print('end....')


https://wenku.baidu.com

https://www.baidu.com/cache/icon/favicon.ico

已爬完！

https://www.baidu.com/cache/icon/favicon.svg

已爬完！

https://jingyan.baidu.com

https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?reg&tpl=exp&u=http%3A%2F%2Fjingyan.baidu.com%2F

https://www.baidu.com/favicon.ico

已爬完！

https://www.baidu.com/img/baidu.svg

已爬完！

https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?ucenterfeedback#reg

http://www.baidu.com/

https://passport.baidu.com/v2/?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2F&sms=5

https://passport.baidu.com/export/app/index.html

https://downpack.baidu.com/ppSecurityCenter_AndroidPhone_passport.apk

已爬完！

https://itunes.apple.com/cn/app/bai-du-quan-zhong-xin-shou/id695439229

https://www.apple.com.cn/iphone/

https://www.apple.com/kw/iphone/

https://www.apple.com/lae/iphone/

https://www.apple.com/gn/iphone/

https://support.apple.com/fr-gn

https://support.apple.com/ko-kr

https://support.apple.com/en-al

https://support.apple.com/fr-sn

https://support.apple.com/ru-ru

https://www.apple.com/ru/

https://www.apple.com/kr/

https://www.apple.com/la/

---为了方便展示，删除几百行---

KeyboardInterrupt:


# 增强上面的代码：只爬取链接，往往是没有什么用的，现在我们增加点功能：

# 1）所有链接网页的标题

      # h1-->span

# 2）第一段文字

      # div#mw-content-text-->p

# 3）编辑链接

      # li#cca-edit-->span-->a

import requests

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

from requests import exceptions

import re

pages = set()

def geturl(url):

    global pages

    headers = {'User-Agent': 'User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/56.0.2924.87 Safari/537.36'}

    # 捕获异常

    html = requests.get(url,headers=headers)

    bs = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')

    try:

        print(bs.h1)

#         print(bs.find(id ='mw-content-text').find_all('p')[0])

#         print(bs.find(id='ca-edit').find('span').find('a').attrs['href'])

    except AttributeError:

        print('This page is missing something! Continuing.')

    except exceptions.ConnectionError:

        print("连接错误")

    except exceptions.HTTPError:

        print('HTTP错误异常')

    except exceptions.MaxRetryError:

        print("多次重试失败")

    except exceptions.TooManyRedirects:

        print("多次重定位失败")

    except exceptions.ConnectTimeout:

        print("连接远程服务超时错误")

    except exceptions.Timeout:

        print("请求 URL超时")

    links=set(bs.find_all('', {'href':re.compile('^(http://)|^(https://)')}))  # set去重

    if links:

        for link in links:

            if 'href' in link.attrs:

                if link.attrs['href'] not in pages:

                    newPage = link.attrs['href']

                    print('-'*20)

                    print(newPage)

                    pages.add(newPage)

                    geturl(newPage)

    else:

        print("已爬完！")

# home_link='https://baike.baidu.com/'

home_link='https://baike.hk.xileso.top/wiki/Wikipedia:首页'

geturl(home_link)

print('end....')


# 书上的例子（不翻墙没法访问，例子不可用）

from urllib.request import urlopen

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import re

pages = set()

def getLinks(pageUrl):

    global pages

    html = urlopen('http://en.wikipedia.org{}'.format(pageUrl))

    bs = BeautifulSoup(html, 'html.parser')

    try:

        print(bs.h1.get_text())

        print(bs.find(id ='mw-content-text').find_all('p')[0])

        print(bs.find(id='ca-edit').find('span').find('a').attrs['href'])

    except AttributeError:

        print('This page is missing something! Continuing.')

    for link in bs.find_all('a', href=re.compile('^(/wiki/)')):

        if 'href' in link.attrs:

            if link.attrs['href'] not in pages:

                #We have encountered a new page

                newPage = link.attrs['href']

                print('-'*20)

                print(newPage)

                pages.add(newPage)

                getLinks(newPage)

getLinks('')

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