RMAN备份与恢复之参数文件与控制文件
0 说明
本例是基于备份数据库全库的基础上，还原参数据文件(spfile)，控制文件。
1 准备
[oracle@TEST144239 /]$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Mon Oct 12 11:58:35 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn sys/Sina.2015@study as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode Archive Mode
Automatic archival Enabled
Archive destination /data2/orcl/recover_log/archive_log
Oldest online log sequence 22
Next log sequence to archive 24
Current log sequence 24
1.1检查数据库归档状态
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target sys/Sina.2015@study
1.2RMAN登陆目标
2 备份数据库
通常默认在/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/ ，若需要特定指定备份数据存储位置时，可以创建备份数据库存储的目录。
[oracle@TEST144239 /]$ mkdir /data2/backup
2.1创建备份数据存储目录
RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database plus archivelog; Starting backup at 12-OCT-15
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=12 RECID=1 STAMP=892728339
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=2 STAMP=892736557
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=3 STAMP=892753270
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=4 STAMP=892768262
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=5 STAMP=892791995
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=6 STAMP=892803633
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=7 STAMP=892815402
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=8 STAMP=892828012
input archived log thread=1 sequence=20 RECID=9 STAMP=892843267
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=21 RECID=10 STAMP=892857631
input archived log thread=1 sequence=22 RECID=11 STAMP=892882839
input archived log thread=1 sequence=23 RECID=12 STAMP=892891106
input archived log thread=1 sequence=24 RECID=13 STAMP=892900945
input archived log thread=1 sequence=25 RECID=14 STAMP=892901057
input archived log thread=1 sequence=26 RECID=15 STAMP=892901228
input archived log thread=1 sequence=27 RECID=16 STAMP=892901372
input archived log thread=1 sequence=28 RECID=17 STAMP=892901532
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3xr2_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_3: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=29 RECID=18 STAMP=892901677
input archived log thread=1 sequence=30 RECID=19 STAMP=892909146
input archived log thread=1 sequence=31 RECID=20 STAMP=892909170
input archived log thread=1 sequence=32 RECID=21 STAMP=892909211
input archived log thread=1 sequence=33 RECID=22 STAMP=892911098
channel ORA_DISK_3: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3wp6_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:20
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp3ww1_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:22
channel ORA_DISK_3: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145139_c1pp4hhj_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145139 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:06
Finished backup at 12-OCT-15 Starting backup at 12-OCT-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/data2/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/data2/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/data2/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/data2/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_2: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_2: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151012T145203_c1pp4phv_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145203 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20151012T145203_c1pp4o7j_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145203 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16
Finished backup at 12-OCT-15 Starting backup at 12-OCT-15
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=34 RECID=23 STAMP=892911204
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2015_10_12/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20151012T145325_c1pp76vh_.bkp tag=TAG20151012T145325 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished backup at 12-OCT-15 Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-OCT-15
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 12-OCT-15
2.2RMAN备份全库
模拟数据库崩溃，删除控制文件，此时数据库还在继续运行，可能要过一会切换日志崩溃。这里我直接重启一下数据库
[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ cd /data2/orcl
[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ ll
总用量 1666384
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 15:15 control01.ctl
drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 14:53 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 15:08 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 15:15 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 681582592 10月 12 15:14 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 12 15:14 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 10月 12 14:33 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 10月 12 15:15 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 10月 12 15:13 users01.dbf
[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.bak
[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ ll
总用量 1666384
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 15:15 control01.ctl.bak
drwxr-xr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 10月 10 10:48 recover_log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 14:53 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 15:08 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 52429312 10月 12 15:15 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 681582592 10月 12 15:15 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 754982912 10月 12 15:14 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 30416896 10月 12 14:33 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 94380032 10月 12 15:15 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5251072 10月 12 15:13 users01.dbf
SQL> startup force
ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes
Fixed Size 2229584 bytes
Variable Size 1241516720 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 5844992 bytes
ORA-00205: error in identifying control file, check alert log for more info
2.3试验(模拟删除控制文件)
3 还原与恢复
$ORACLE_SID查看原来的SID。这里是假设原来$ORACLE_SID没设置的情况下：
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=test
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
test
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Oct 12 15:45:22 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/inittest.ora' starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area 158662656 bytes
Fixed Size 2226456 bytes
Variable Size 130025192 bytes
Database Buffers 20971520 bytes
Redo Buffers 5439488 bytes 此时查看下[oracle@TEST144239 orcl]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/ 中产生的文件：
[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll
总用量 9540
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 0 10月 12 15:45 lkinsttest
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 10月 9 11:53 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 10月 9 12:02 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10月 12 09:18 spfileorcl.ora
3.1假定没有设置Oracle_SID,设置Oracle_SID启动一个伪实例
从数据库备份集中还原spfile
RMAN> restore spfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp'; Starting restore at 12-OCT-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=429 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring spfile from AUTOBACKUP /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: SPFILE restore from AUTOBACKUP complete
Finished restore at 12-OCT-15 此时参数文件恢复完成，此时，在DBS目录下有一个以当前oracle_sid.ora为后缀的参数文件：
[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll
总用量 9548
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10月 12 15:47 hc_test.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 10月 9 11:53 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 10月 9 12:02 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10月 12 09:18 spfileorcl.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10月 12 15:47 spfiletest.ora
3.2还原spfile
从数据库备份集中还原控制文件
停掉伪实例，还原原来的参数文件名，原来是ORACLE_SID=orcl
RMAN> shutdown immediate
Oracle instance shut down
[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ mv spfiletest.ora spfileorcl.ora
[oracle@TEST144239 dbs]$ ll
总用量 9544
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10月 12 15:18 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 10月 12 16:08 hc_test.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 5月 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 10月 9 11:53 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 10月 9 12:02 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 10月 12 14:53 snapcf_orcl.f
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 10月 12 15:47 spfileorcl.ora 还原控制文件:
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@TEST144239 ~]$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Mon Oct 12 16:16:03 2015 Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. connected to target database (not started) RMAN> startup nomount Oracle instance started Total System Global Area 1937457152 bytes Fixed Size 2229584 bytes
Variable Size 1241516720 bytes
Database Buffers 687865856 bytes
Redo Buffers 5844992 bytes
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/autobackup/2015_10_12/o1_mf_s_892911216_c1pp7o9p_.bkp'; Starting restore at 12-OCT-15
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=63 device type=DISK channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
output file name=/data2/orcl/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orcl/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 12-OCT-15
3.3还原控制文件
RMAN> alter database mount; database mounted RMAN> alter database open;
3.4打开数据库
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