.net转php laraval框架学习系列（二）项目实战---Models

上一篇已经介绍开发环境的搭建，如果有问题可以在文章后留言。

这篇将从项目实战开发，一步一步了解laravel框架。

在开发mvc项目时，models都是第一步。

下面就从建模开始。

实体关系图

由于不知道php有什么好的建模工具，这里我用的vs ado.net实体模型数据建模,大家有什么好的建模工具推荐一下

下面开始laravel编码，编码之前首先得配置数据库连接，在app/config/database.php文件

	'mysql' => array(
			'driver'    => 'mysql',
			'read' => array(
		        'host' => '127.0.0.1:3306',
		    ),
		    'write' => array(
		        'host' => '127.0.0.1:3306'
		    ),
			'database'  => 'test',
			'username'  => 'root',
			'password'  => 'root',
			'charset'   => 'utf8',
			'collation' => 'utf8_unicode_ci',
			'prefix'    => '',
		),

配置好之后，需要用到artisan工具，这是一个php命令工具在laravel目录中

首先需要要通过artisan建立一个迁移 migrate ，这点和asp.net mvc几乎是一模一样

在laravel目录中 shfit+右键打开命令窗口 输入artisan migrate:make create_XXXX 会在app/database/migrations文件下生成一个带时间戳前缀的迁移文件，

laravel中的ORM为Eloquent ORM 相关API可以访问http://v4.golaravel.com/docs/4.1/eloquent#inserting-related-models

代码：

<?php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateTablenameTable extends Migration {

	/**
	 * Run the migrations.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function up()
	{

	}

	/**
	 * Reverse the migrations.
	 *
	 * @return void
	 */
	public function down()
	{

	}

}

看到这里有entityframework 迁移经验的基本上发现这是出奇的相似啊。

接下来就是创建我们的实体结构，laravel 的结构生成器可以参考 http://v4.golaravel.com/docs/4.1/schema

 <?php

 use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
 use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

 class CreateTablenameTable extends Migration {

     /**
      * Run the migrations.
      *
      * @return void
      */
     public function up()
     {
         Schema::create('posts', function(Blueprint $table) {
             $table->increments('id');
             $table->unsignedInteger('user_id');
             $table->string('title');
             $table->string('read_more');
             $table->text('content');
             $table->unsignedInteger('comment_count');
             $table->timestamps();
         });

         Schema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table) {
             $table->increments('id');
             $table->unsignedInteger('post_id');
             $table->string('commenter');
             $table->string('email');
             $table->text('comment');
             $table->boolean('approved');
             $table->timestamps();
         });

          Schema::table('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
             $table->create();
             $table->increments('id');
             $table->string('username');
             $table->string('password');
             $table->string('email');
             $table->string('remember_token', 100)->nullable();
             $table->timestamps();
         });
     }

     /**
      * Reverse the migrations.
      *
      * @return void
      */
     public function down()
     {
         Schema::drop('posts');

         Schema::drop('comments');

         Schema::drop('users');
     }

 }

继续在上面的命令窗口输入 php artisan migrate 将执行迁移

更多迁移相关知识：http://v4.golaravel.com/docs/4.1/migrations

这里已经定义了表和字段，还需要设置表关系，一般外键字段为unsignedInteger 类型。

Post models代码如下

<?php

class Post extends Eloquent
{

    protected $fillable = ['title', 'content'];//集体赋值，跟表单绑定有关

    public function comments()
    {
        return $this->hasMany('Comment');//1对多关系映射
    }

 　　public function user()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo('User');//1对多关系映射
    }

    public function delete()//删除联动
    {
        foreach ($this->comments as $comment) {
            $comment->delete();
        }
        return parent::delete();
    }

}

comments model 代码

<?php

class Comment extends Eloquent
{

    protected $fillable = ['commenter', 'email', 'comment'];//集体赋值，跟表单绑定有关

    public function post()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo('Post');//依赖对象
    }

    public function getApprovedAttribute($approved)//属性访问器
    {
        return (intval($approved) == 1) ? 'yes' : 'no';
    }

    public function setApprovedAttribute($approved)
    {
        $this->attributes['approved'] = ($approved === 'yes') ? 1 : 0;
    }

}

User model代码

<?php

use Illuminate\Auth\UserInterface;
use Illuminate\Auth\Reminders\RemindableInterface;

class User extends Eloquent implements UserInterface, RemindableInterface {

	/**
	 * 数据库中对应的表名.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $table = 'users';

	/**
	 * 在JSON格式化中，会自动隐藏的字段.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $hidden = array('password');

 	public function posts()
    {
        return $this->hasMany('Post');
    }

	/**
	 * 属性访问器返回主键值
	 *
	 * @return mixed
	 */
	public function getAuthIdentifier()
	{

		return $this->getKey();
	}

	/**
	 * 属性访问器.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getAuthPassword()
	{
		return $this->password;
	}

	/**
	 * 属性访问器.
	 *
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getReminderEmail()
	{
		return $this->email;
	}

	/**
	 * 属性访问器
	 *
	 */
	public function getRememberToken()
	{
	    return $this->remember_token;
	}

	public function setRememberToken($value)
	{
	    $this->remember_token = $value;
	}

	public function getRememberTokenName()
	{
	    return 'remember_token';
	}

}

所有模型都建立完毕接下来需要填充原始数据

填充原始数据在app/database/seeds文件下的DatabaseSeeder.php文件中的run方法中执行。

这里为了方便贴代码就整合到DatabaseSeeder中了

<?php

class DatabaseSeeder extends Seeder
{

    /**
     * Run the database seeds.
     *
     * 'composer dump-autoload'slove ex
     *
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function run()
    {
        Eloquent::unguard();//数据填充不需要担心之前设置的集体赋值的字段

        /*
        $this->call('UserTableSeeder');//调用其他seeder类的run方法
        $this->call('PostCommentSeeder');
        */
        $content = 'Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.'.
                    'Praesent vel ligula scelerisque, vehicula dui eu, fermentum velit.'.
                    'Phasellus ac ornare eros, quis malesuada augue. Nunc ac nibh at mauris dapibus fermentum.'.
                    'In in aliquet nisi, ut scelerisque arcu. Integer tempor, nunc ac lacinia cursus, '.
                    'mauris justo volutpat elit, '.
                    'eget accumsan nulla nisi ut nisi. Etiam non convallis ligula. Nulla urna augue, '.
                    'dignissim ac semper in, ornare ac mauris. Duis nec felis mauris.';

        $user=new User;
        $user->username = 'admin';
        $user->password = Hash::make('admin');
        $user->email = 'admin@admin.com';
        $user->save();

        for( $i = 1 ; $i <= 20 ; $i++ )
        {
            $post = new Post;
            $post->title = "Post no $i";
            $post->read_more = substr($content, 0, 120);
            $post->content = $content;
            $user->posts()->save($post);

            $maxComments = mt_rand(3,15);
            for( $j = 1 ; $j <= $maxComments; $j++)
            {
                $comment = new Comment;
                $comment->commenter = 'xyz';
                $comment->comment = substr($content, 0, 120);
                $comment->email = 'xyz@xmail.com';
                $comment->approved = 'yes';
                $post->comments()->save($comment);
                $post->increment('comment_count');
            }
        }
    }

}

在命令窗口中运行 php artisan db:seed 将执行数据填充。这一节就到这里了