openstack中Cinder组件简解
一，Cinder组件介绍
概念
cinder组件作用：
- 块存储服务，为运行实例提供稳定的数据块存储服务
- 块存储服务，提供对 volume 从创建到删除整个生命周期的管理
二，常用操作
1、Volume管理
# 卷列表查看
[root@controller ~]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 9f9022f5-1b11-447e-bc0c-d3889712120a | available | test2 | 1 | - | false | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
# 卷详情查看
[root@controller ~]# cinder show test2
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| consistencygroup_id | None |
| created_at | 2021-11-14T02:16:13.000000 |
| description | None |
| encrypted | False |
| id | 9f9022f5-1b11-447e-bc0c-d3889712120a |
| metadata | {} |
| migration_status | None |
| multiattach | False |
| name | test2 |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | compute@lvm#LVM |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| replication_status | disabled |
| size | 1 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | available |
| updated_at | 2021-11-14T02:16:14.000000 |
| user_id | 0f217182b5af448c988f5464c706a337 |
| volume_type | None |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 卷创建 size只能是整数
cinder create [--name <name>, --volume-type <type>] <size(GB)>
[root@controller ~]# cinder create --name test --description 'new volume' --availability-zone nova 2
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| consistencygroup_id | None |
| created_at | 2021-11-14T02:54:52.000000 |
| description | new volume |
| encrypted | False |
| id | 8190367e-4874-4e5e-86f7-0a3c4e2ae4cc |
| metadata | {} |
| migration_status | None |
| multiattach | False |
| name | test |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| replication_status | disabled |
| size | 2 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | creating |
| updated_at | None |
| user_id | 0f217182b5af448c988f5464c706a337 |
| volume_type | None |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 卷删除
cinder delete <volume>
[root@controller ~]# cinder delete test
Request to delete volume test has been accepted.
# 卷更新
# (1)重命名
cinder rename <volume> <name>
[root@controller ~]# cinder rename test test-volume-01
[root@controller ~]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 5b117210-9f6e-4d2c-94f4-66c2e3953584 | available | test-volume-01 | 2 | - | false | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
# (2)修改状态
# 可修改的状态："available", "error", "creating", "deleting", "in-use", "attaching", "detaching", "error_deleting" and "maintenance".
# 附加状态："attached" ， "detached". 默认状态为：None.
cinder reset-state [--state <state>,--attach-status <attach-status>,--reset-migration-status] <volume>
[root@controller ~]# cinder reset-state --state deleting test-volume-01
[root@controller ~]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 5b117210-9f6e-4d2c-94f4-66c2e3953584 | deleting | test-volume-01 | 2 | - | false | |
+--------------------------------------+----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
# (3)修改类型
# 注意：改状态卷状态必须是available状态
cinder retype <volume> <volume_type>
# a.修改卷状态为available
[root@controller ~]# cinder reset-state --state available test-volume-01
# b.查看(创建)卷类型
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-create lvm
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 | lvm | - | True |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-list
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| 5780bda0-0ac4-4f5a-a8c4-807980c28aaa | 性能 | | True |
| b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 | lvm | - | True |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
# c.修改为对应的类型
[root@controller ~]# cinder retype test-volume-01 5780bda0-0ac4-4f5a-a8c4-807980c28aaa
[root@controller ~]# cinder show test-volume-01
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| attachments | [] |
| availability_zone | nova |
| bootable | false |
| consistencygroup_id | None |
| created_at | 2021-11-14T02:56:04.000000 |
| description | new volume |
| encrypted | False |
| id | 5b117210-9f6e-4d2c-94f4-66c2e3953584 |
| metadata | {} |
| migration_status | None |
| multiattach | False |
| name | test-volume-01 |
| os-vol-host-attr:host | compute@lvm#LVM |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:migstat | None |
| os-vol-mig-status-attr:name_id | None |
| os-vol-tenant-attr:tenant_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| replication_status | disabled |
| size | 2 |
| snapshot_id | None |
| source_volid | None |
| status | available |
| updated_at | 2021-11-14T03:00:07.000000 |
| user_id | 0f217182b5af448c988f5464c706a337 |
| volume_type | 性能 |
+--------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# (4)扩容
# 注意：可以从小改大，但是不可以从大改小。
# 注意：卷大小只能设置为整数值。
cinder extend <volume> <new size>
[root@controller ~]# cinder extend test-volume-01 5
[root@controller ~]# cinder list
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| ID | Status | Name | Size | Volume Type | Bootable | Attached to |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
| 5b117210-9f6e-4d2c-94f4-66c2e3953584 | available | test-volume-01 | 5 | 性能 | false | |
+--------------------------------------+-----------+----------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+
# (5)迁移
# 迁移一个卷到特定的主机，在请求体中指定 os-migrate_volume action。
# 一般不推荐对处于in-use状态，且挂载在多个虚机上的卷进行迁移。
# 默认只有管理员用户有迁移的权限，但是可以通过policy.json文件进行权限的设置。
cinder migrate <volume> <host>
2、Type管理
type-create Creates a volume type. # 类型创建
type-default List the default volume type.
type-delete Deletes a volume type. # 类型删除
type-key Sets or unsets extra_spec for a volume type.
type-list Lists available 'volume types'. (Admin only will see private types) # 类型列表查看
type-show Show volume type details. # 类型详情查看
type-update Updates volume type name, description, and/or is_public. # 类型更新
# 查看类型
cinder type-list
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-list
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| 5780bda0-0ac4-4f5a-a8c4-807980c28aaa | 性能 | | True |
| b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 | lvm | - | True |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
# 创建类型
cinder type-create [ --description <description>, --is-public <is-public>] <name>
Positional arguments:
<name> Name of new volume type.
Optional arguments:
--description <description>
Description of new volume type.
--is-public <is-public>
Make type accessible to the public (default true).
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-create sata-hb-project
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+-----------+
| ac57dcb7-d157-419f-bd63-3ea0eb6ff940 | sata-hb-project | - | True |
+--------------------------------------+-----------------+-------------+-----------+
# 删除类型
# 注意：必须使用卷类型的id
cinder type-delete <type_id>
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-delete lvm
ERROR: Volume type lvm could not be found. (HTTP 404) (Request-ID: req-6144d4f5-61ee-4b83-b45d-f11ac54b8229)
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-delete ac57dcb7-d157-419f-bd63-3ea0eb6ff940
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-list
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| 5780bda0-0ac4-4f5a-a8c4-807980c28aaa | 性能 | | True |
| b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 | lvm | - | True |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
# 修改类型
cinder type-update [--name <name>,--description <description>,--is-public <is-public>] <type_id>
[root@controller ~]# cinder type-update b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 --name ssd --description 'best of all'
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| ID | Name | Description | Is_Public |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
| b16ab5aa-f9d2-4402-89a8-1a72e9c51914 | ssd | best of all | False |
+--------------------------------------+------+-------------+-----------+
3、Snapshot管理
cinder
snapshot-create #Creates a snapshot.
snapshot-delete #Removes one or more snapshots.
snapshot-list #Lists all snapshots.
snapshot-show #Shows snapshot details.
snapshot-rename #Renames a snapshot.
snapshot-reset-state #Explicitly updates the snapshot state.
snapshot-manage #Manage an existing snapshot.
snapshot-unmanage #Stop managing a snapshot.
snapshot-metadata #Sets or deletes snapshot metadata.
snapshot-metadata-show #Shows snapshot metadata.
snapshot-metadata-update-all #Updates snapshot metadata.
# 创建快照
cinder snapshot-create [--name <name>,--force [<True|False>],--description <description>,--metadata [<key=value> [<key=value> ...]]] <volume>
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-create --name snapshot-01 --description 'test snapshot of a volume' 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-11-04T15:17:24.382623 |
| description | test snapshot of a volume |
| id | b360d2c0-9a32-4d5b-afe3-112f6cd0e215 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | snapshot-01 |
| size | 2 |
| status | creating |
| updated_at | None |
| volume_id | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 |
+-------------+--------------------------------------+
# 查看快照列表
cinder snapshot-list
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------+
| ID | Volume ID | Status | Name | Size |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------+
| b360d2c0-9a32-4d5b-afe3-112f6cd0e215 | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 | available | snapshot-01 | 2 |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------+------+
# 查看快照详情
cinder snapshot-show <snapshot>
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-show snapshot-01
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-11-04T15:17:24.000000 |
| description | test snapshot of a volume |
| id | b360d2c0-9a32-4d5b-afe3-112f6cd0e215 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | snapshot-01 |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:progress | 100% |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:project_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| size | 2 |
| status | available |
| updated_at | 2021-11-04T15:17:24.000000 |
| volume_id | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 删除快照
cinder snapshot-delete <snapshot>
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-delete snapshot-01
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-list
+----+-----------+--------+------+------+
| ID | Volume ID | Status | Name | Size |
+----+-----------+--------+------+------+
+----+-----------+--------+------+------+
# 快照改名
cinder snapshot-rename [--description <description>] <snapshot> [<name>]
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-rename --description 'You Have Only One Life' snapshot-01 new-test-snapshot
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-show snapshot-01
ERROR: No snapshot with a name or ID of 'snapshot-01' exists.
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-show new-test-snapshot
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-11-04T15:19:39.000000 |
| description | You Have Only One Life |
| id | a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | new-test-snapshot |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:progress | 100% |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:project_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| size | 2 |
| status | available |
| updated_at | 2021-11-04T15:36:26.000000 |
| volume_id | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 更新快照状态
# 可更新的状态："available", "error", "creating", "deleting", and "error_deleting".
cinder snapshot-reset-state [--state <state>] <snapshot> [<snapshot> ...]
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-reset-state --state error new-test-snapshot
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-show new-test-snapshot
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-11-04T15:19:39.000000 |
| description | You Have Only One Life |
| id | a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 |
| metadata | {} |
| name | new-test-snapshot |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:progress | 100% |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:project_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| size | 2 |
| status | error |
| updated_at | 2021-11-04T15:39:40.000000 |
| volume_id | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 管理快照
cinder snapshot-manage [--id-type <id-type>,--name <name>,--description <description>,] [--name <name>,--metadata [<key=value> [<key=value> ...]]] <volume> <identifier>
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-manage test2 new-test-snapshot
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
| created_at | 2021-11-04T15:46:23.000000 |
| description | None |
| id | 26efb6e5-ff02-47c0-bb1c-6a36718bd68a |
| metadata | {} |
| name | None |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:progress | 0% |
| os-extended-snapshot-attributes:project_id | 386dbfcf77e444c7872e4e23d5829fcc |
| size | 2 |
| status | creating |
| updated_at | None |
| volume_id | 456a40c6-65c4-41ee-9958-63bae91ec189 |
+--------------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+
# 停止管理快照
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-unmanage 26efb6e5-ff02-47c0-bb1c-6a36718bd68a
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-list
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+------+
| ID | Volume ID | Status | Name | Size |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+------+
| a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 | 92ad953c-a7a1-4ef7-8929-85835143cb26 | available | new-test-snapshot | 2 |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+-----------+-------------------+------+
# 设置或删除快照的meta数据
cinder snapshot-metadata <snapshot> <action> <key=value> [<key=value> ...]
Positional arguments:
<snapshot> ID of snapshot for which to update metadata.
<action> The action. Valid values are "set" or "unset."
<key=value> Metadata key and value pair to set or unset. For unset, specify
only the key.
# 设置快照meta
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 set function='Backup data'
+----------+-------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+-------------+
| function | Backup data |
+----------+-------------+
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 set update-date='2022-1-1'
+-------------+-------------+
| Property | Value |
+-------------+-------------+
| function | Backup data |
| update-date | 2022-1-1 |
+-------------+-------------+
# 删除快照meta
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 unset update-date='2021-11-24'
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata-show a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3
+-------------------+-------------+
| Metadata-property | Value |
+-------------------+-------------+
| function | Backup data |
+-------------------+-------------+
# 查看快照meta数据
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata-show a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3
+-------------------+-------------+
| Metadata-property | Value |
+-------------------+-------------+
| function | Backup data |
| update-date | 2021-11-24 |
+-------------------+-------------+
# 更新快照meta数据
cinder snapshot-metadata-update-all <snapshot> <key=value> [<key=value> ...]
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata-update-all a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3 create-date='2021-11-1 12:00:11' update-date='2021/11/24 17:24:15' function='tank T-54'
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Property | Value |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| metadata | {u'function': u'tank T-54', u'update-date': u'2021/11/24 17:24:15', u'create-date': u'2021-11-1 12:00:11'} |
+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
[root@controller keystone]# cinder snapshot-metadata-show a54e8e02-911c-482f-bc49-fac2060ad7c3
+-------------------+---------------------+
| Metadata-property | Value |
+-------------------+---------------------+
| create-date | 2021-11-1 12:00:11 |
| function | tank T-54 |
| update-date | 2021/11/24 17:24:15 |
+-------------------+---------------------+
4、Backup管理
# 开启卷备份服务
systemctl restart openstack-cinder-backup
# 查看备份列表
cinder backup-list
# 查看备份详情
cinder backup-show <backup>
# 创建备份
cinder backup-create --name <name> [--container <container>] <volume>
# 删除备份
cinder backup-delete <backup>
# 恢复备份
cinder backup-restore [--volume <volume>] <backup>
# 备份导出
cinder backup-export <backup>
# 备份导入
cinder backup-import <backup_service> <backup_url>
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