GPG(GnuPG)入门

GPG(GnuPG)入门

下载:

https://gnupg.org/download/index.html

或者 http://www.hellopp.cn/page/5b9a1405c3f1f7d4116937ef

[看Binary download 部分]

Download

Note that you may also download the GNU Privacy Guard from a mirror site close to you. See our list of mirrors. The table below provides links to the location of the files on the primary server only.

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Source code releases

These are the canonical release forms of GnuPG. To use them you need to build the binary version from the provided source code. For Unix systems this is the standard way of installing software. For GNU/Linux distributions are commonly used (e.g. Debian, Fedora, RedHat, or Ubuntu) which may already come with a directly installable packages. However, these version may be older so that building from the source is often also a good choice. Some knowledge on how to compile and install software is required.

The table lists the different GnuPG packages, followed by required libraries, required tools, optional software, and legacy versions of GnuPG. For end-of-life dates see further down.

Name	Version	Date	Size	Tarball	Signature
GnuPG	2.2.10	2018-08-30	6503k	download	download
Libgpg-error	1.32	2018-07-12	883k	download	download
Libgcrypt	1.8.3	2018-06-13	2919k	download	download
Libksba	1.3.5	2016-08-22	606k	download	download
Libassuan	2.5.1	2017-12-07	551k	download	download
ntbTLS	0.1.2	2017-09-19	334k	download	download
nPth	1.6	2018-07-16	293k	download	download
Pinentry	1.1.0	2017-12-03	456k	download	download
GPGME	1.11.1	2018-04-20	1385k	download	download
GPA	0.9.10	2016-11-19	745k	download	download
GnuPG 1.4	1.4.23	2018-06-11	3661k	download	download

GnuPG distributions are signed. It is wise and more secure to check out for their integrity.

Remarks:

• Pinentry is a collection of passphrase entry dialogs which is required for almost all usages of GnuPG.
• GPGME is the standard library to access GnuPG functions from programming languages.
• GPA is a graphical frontend to GnuPG.
• GnuPG 1.4 is the old, single binary version which still support the unsafe PGP-2 keys. This branch has no dependencies on the above listed libraries or the Pinentry. However, it lacks many modern features and will receive only important updates.

GnuPG binary releases

In general we do not distribute binary releases but leave that to the common Linux distributions. However, for some operating systems we list pointers to readily installable releases. We cannot guarantee that the versions offered there are current. Note also that some of them apply security patches on top of the standard versions but keep the original version number.

OS	Where	Description
Windows	Gpg4win	Full featured Windows version of GnuPG
	download sig	Simple installer for the current GnuPG
	download sig	Simple installer for GnuPG 1.4
OS X	Mac GPG	Installer from the gpgtools project
	GnuPG for OS X	Installer for GnuPG
Debian	Debian site	GnuPG is part of Debian
RPM	rpmfind	RPM packages for different OS
Android	Guardian project	Provides a GnuPG framework
VMS	antinode.info	A port of GnuPG 1.4 to OpenVMS
RISC OS	home page	A port of GnuPG to RISC OS

End-of-life announcements

We announce the end-of-life date for a current stable version at the time a new stable version is released. We maintain old branches for at least two years. For GnuPG 2.2 we consider 2.1.0 as the birth of this new stable branch. For the other packages we don't maintain branches and thus there is no end-of-life; always use the latest version.

Package	Ver.	End-of-life	Birth
GnuPG	1.0	2002-09-07	1999-09-07
	1.2	2005-01-01	2002-09-21
	1.4	none (1)	2004-12-16
	2.0	2017-12-31	2006-11-11
	2.2	tba	2014-11-06
Libgcrypt	1.5	2016-12-31	2011-06-29
	1.6	2017-06-30	2013-12-16
	1.7	2019-06-30	2016-04-15
	1.8	tba	2017-07-18

• tba: To be announced.
• (1): Legacy version; see remarks above.

[下载完Windows版本以后]:

Get started – your next steps:

1. Check integrity of the downloaded Gpg4win installer!
2. Install Gpg4win.
3. Create an OpenPGP key pair with Kleopatra. Sign/encrypt a file and email to yourself for testing.
4. Read more about the public key method (see chapter 1-5 inGpg4win Compendium).
5. Ask your questions and report your problems to Gpg4win Community.

[下载完Windows版本后,会提示是否打开Kleopatra], Kleopatra的帮助文件在这里]:

https://docs.kde.org/stable5/en/pim/kleopatra/index.html

Kleopatra是个桌面工具, 应该是用来代替命令行的,

下面看看命令行怎么用:

What is GPG, and how do I use it to encrypt files on IU's research computing systems?

From:  https://kb.iu.edu/d/awio

或者: http://www.hellopp.cn/page/5b99c5311d266bd4494282ea

GNU Privacy Guard (GPG, also GnuPG) is free encryption software that's compliant with the OpenPGP (RFC4880) standard. Using GPG you can encrypt (and decrypt) files that contain sensitive data, such as protected health information (PHI) regulated by the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) privacy and security rules. For more on GPG, see the GNU Privacy Guard website.

At Indiana University, GPG is installed as a command-line application in the default user environments on Big Red II, Carbonate, and Karst. To use GPG, you create a unique encryption key, and then use that key to encrypt and decrypt your files. If you need help using GPG on IU's research computing systems, contact the UITS Scientific Applications and Performance Tuning (SciAPT) team.

On this page:

• Creating an encryption key
• Encrypting a file
• Decrypting a file

---

Creating an encryption key

To create a unique key for encrypting and decrypting files with GPG:

1. Make sure gpg-agent is running; on the command line, enter:

  gpg-agent -s --daemon --write-env-file --use-standard-socket

You will see something like the following (in which username is your Network ID username and Machine is the name of the system):

  GPG_AGENT_INFO=/N/u/username/Machine/.gnupg/S.gpg-agent:22743:1; export GPG_AGENT_INFO;

这是gpg-agent没有运行的时候做的, 通常安装完以后会自动运行了,就不用这一步了,执行一下也没有关系,会给出提示gap-agen已经运行了.

1. On the command line, enter:
2. You will see something like the following (in which username is your Network ID username and Machine is the name of the system):

  gpg --gen-key

  gpg (GnuPG) 2.0.14; Copyright (C) 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

  This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

  There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

  gpg: keyring `/N/u/username/Machine/.gnupg/secring.gpg' created

  gpg: keyring `/N/u/username/Machine/.gnupg/pubring.gpg' created

  Please select what kind of key you want:

     (1) RSA and RSA (default)

     (2) DSA and Elgamal

     (3) DSA (sign only)

     (4) RSA (sign only)

  Your selection?

Enter 1 to select the default key.

1. GPG will prompt you to choose a keysize (in bits). Enter 1024.

You will see:

  Requested keysize is 1024 bits

  Please specify how long the key should be valid.

           0 = key does not expire

          = key expires in n days

        w = key expires in n weeks

        m = key expires in n months

        y = key expires in n years

  Key is valid for? (0)

Enter a value to specify how long the key should remain valid (e.g., 2 for two days, 3w for three weeks, 10mfor 10 months, or 0 for no expiration date).

1. GPG will prompt you to confirm the expiration date. If the correct date is displayed, enter y.
2. GPG will prompt for information it will use to construct a user ID to identify your key. At the prompts, enter your name, email address, and a comment.
3. GPG will prompt you to confirm or correct your information. You'll see a prompt something like this:
4. If the information displayed is correct, enter o to accept the user ID. To correct errors or quit the process, enter the appropriate alternative ( n , c , e, or q ).
5. If you accept the user ID, GPG will prompt you to enter and confirm a password. Afterward, GPG will begin generating your key. You'll see:

  You selected this USER-ID:

      "Full Name (comment) <username@iu.edu>"

  Change (N)ame, (C)omment, (E)mail or (O)kay/(Q)uit?

  We need to generate a lot of random bytes. It is a good idea to

  perform some other action (type on the keyboard, move the mouse,

  utilize the disks) during the prime generation; this gives the

  random number generator a better chance to gain enough entropy.

This process may take several minutes to complete. When it's finished, you will see something like:

  gpg: key 09D2B839 marked as ultimately trusted

  public and secret key created and signed.

  gpg: checking the trustdb

  gpg: 3 marginal(s) needed, 1 complete(s) needed, PGP trust model

  gpg: depth: 0  valid:   4  signed:   0  trust: 0-, 0q, 0n, 0m, 0f, 4u

  gpg: next trustdb check due at <expiration_date>

  pub   1024R/09D2B839 2013-06-25 [expires: <expiration_date>]

        Key fingerprint = 6AB2 7763 0378 9F7E 6242  77D5 F158 CDE5 09D2 B839

  uid                  Full Name (comment) <username@indiana.edu>

  sub   1024R/7098E4C2 2013-06-25 [expires: <expiration_date>]

You can now use the key (until it expires) to encrypt files in your account (for instructions, see the next section).

我执行2-9步的时候,只要求输入名字和邮箱,

然后会弹出对话框让输入密码,应该就是所谓的私钥.

然后就提示文件已经创建成功了以及文件所存的路径,是一个rev文件,打开会,里面存的是公钥.

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Encrypting a file

To encrypt a file using a GPG key you created, on the command line, enter (replace user_id with the email address you specified when you created the key and my_file with the name of the file to encrypt):

  gpg -e -r user_id my_file

GPG will create an encrypted version of the file you specified; the encrypted file will have a .gpg file extension (e.g., my_file.gpg). After confirming the encrypted version has been created, you can delete the original unencrypted file.

这里输入的user_id就是创建key的时候输入的邮箱.

创建出来的加密文件是原有的文件名加上.gpg

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Decrypting a file

To decrypt a .gpg file (e.g., my_file.gpg), on the command line, enter:

  gpg my_file.gpg

GPG will prompt you for the password associated with the key you used to encrypt the file. When you enter the correct password, GPG will recreate the original, unencrypted version of the file (e.g., my_file). This process does not delete or alter the encrypted version of the file (my_file.gpg).

执行这个命令的时候会弹出创建key的时候要求你输入的密码,这个应该就是所谓的私钥.

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Related documents

Useful GPG commands

This is document awio in the Knowledge Base. 
Last modified on 2017-12-12 15:08:56.