今日概要

  • 模块

    • 自定义模块

    • 内置模块

    • 第三方模块

      [!Caution]

      这个地方讲的会比较多，而且有的东西网上搜不到！！！

      自动化办公相关模块 -- Excel和Word

  • 面向对象

1. 面向对象中的概念

对象，什么是对象？

比如说我桌子上好多东西，有铅笔、钢笔、圆珠笔，玻璃杯、保温杯、塑料杯，电脑，华为手机、荣耀手机、小米手机、oppo手机、vivo手机等等。我要把这些东西带到公司 -- 我会找个大袋子把这些东西全都打包在一起，形成一个东西再带到公司。此外，我也可以分类，把手机放在一起，杯子放在一起，打包成不同的小包。

  • 内部包含了很多值和功能的"包裹"
  • 有一个归类的概念

以Excel为例：

  • 单元格 -- 对象(值、边框、颜色)；写入时，对象(边框、颜色)

  • sheet，对象(名字/很多单元格)

  • workbook，对象

2. 模块

2.1 自定义模块

···已讲

2.2 内置模块

...已讲

2.3 第三方模块

2.3.1 Excel操作

注意：openpyxl不支持以前的Excel格式(xls)

pip install openpyxl

2.3.1.1 读

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet名字

sheet_list= workbook_obj.sheetnames

print(sheet_list)

运行结果：['RegData', 'StatProForecast1', 'Data']

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 获取所有Worksheet对象

v2 = workbook_obj.worksheets

print(v2)

# 3. 获取某一个对象

v2[0]

v2[1]

# 4. 直接获取sheet对象

sheet_obj= workbook_obj["RegData"]

运行结果：[<Worksheet "RegData">, <Worksheet "StatProForecast1">, <Worksheet "Data">]

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[0]

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

# 5. 读取cell对象中的文本

print(cell_obj.value)



import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[0]

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式1

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式2

cell_obj_1 = sheet_obj["A1"]

# 5. 读取cell对象中的文本

print(cell_obj.value)

print(cell_obj_1.value)

读取某一行:

[!Caution]

再python操作excel的过程中,读取一行是从1开始的 而不是从0开始的

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[0]

row_tuple = sheet_obj[1]

print(row_tuple)

for cell_obj in row_tuple:

    print(cell_obj.value)

获取所有行数据:

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[0]

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式1

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式2

cell_obj_1 = sheet_obj["A1"]

# 7. 读取所有行

for row in sheet_obj.rows:

    row_text_list = []

    for cell_obj in row:

        row_text_list.append(cell_obj.value)

    print(row_text_list)

读取某一列:

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[0]

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式1

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

# 4. 读取sheet中的单元格对象 -- 方式2

cell_obj_1 = sheet_obj["A1"]

# 8. 读取所有列

for row in sheet_obj.rows:

    cell_obj_0 = row[0]

    cell_obj_1 = row[1]

    print(cell_obj_0.value, cell_obj_1.value)

如果有合并单元格的情况:

[!Caution]

注意:合并单元格后,只有合并之前的第一个单元格有数据(Cell对象),被合并的单元格为空(MergeCell对象)!!!

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# 10. 获取合并的单元格

cell_1_obj = sheet_obj.cell(1, 1)

cell_2_obj = sheet_obj.cell(1, 2)

print(cell_1_obj, cell_2_obj)

print(cell_1_obj.value, cell_2_obj.value)

判断是否是被合并的单元格

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.cell.cell import Cell, MergedCell

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# # 10. 获取合并的单元格

# cell_1_obj = sheet_obj.cell(1, 1)

# cell_2_obj = sheet_obj.cell(1, 2)

#

# print(cell_1_obj, cell_2_obj)

# print(cell_1_obj.value, cell_2_obj.value)

# # 原始内容:

# for row in sheet_obj.rows:

#     text_list = []

#     for cell in row:

#         text_list.append(cell.value)

#     print(text_list)

# 如果是被合并的单元格 让其默认值等于 -

for row in sheet_obj.rows:

    text_list = []

    for cell in row:

        # 判断 这个单元格是Cell对象还是MergeCell对象

        if type(cell) is MergedCell:

            text_list.append("-")

        elif type(cell) is Cell:

            text_list.append(cell.value)

        else:

            text_list.append("Dont Know")

    print(text_list)

[!Note]

扩展:让合并的单元格也能读到和合并之前第一个单元格一样的信息

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.cell.cell import Cell, MergedCell

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# 获取当前sheet中所有的合并的单元格

def get_merged_cell(coordinate, sheet_obj):

 """

 Args:

     coordinate (): 坐标 需要这种形式: "A5"

     sheet_obj (): 某一个sheet对象

 Returns:

 """

 for item in sheet_obj.merged_cells:

     # print(item, type(item))

     if coordinate in item:

         return item.start_cell.value

# 如果是被合并的单元格 让其默认值等于第一个单元格的值

for row in sheet_obj.rows:

 text_list = []

 for cell in row:

     # 判断 这个单元格是Cell对象还是MergeCell对象

     if type(cell) is MergedCell:

         # 获取单元格的内容:

         merged_text = get_merged_cell(cell.coordinate, sheet_obj)

         text_list.append(merged_text)

     elif type(cell) is Cell:

         text_list.append(cell.value)

     else:

         text_list.append("Dont Know")

 print(text_list)

关于坐标：

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.cell.cell import Cell, MergedCell

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# 4. 获取cell对象

cell_object = sheet_obj.cell(1, 2)

# 5. 获取坐标位置

cell_coordinate = cell_object.coordinate

从第n行开始读取:

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.cell.cell import Cell, MergedCell

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# 从第n行开始读 读到第m行

for row in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=3, max_row=4):

    print(row[0].value)

当前sheet总共有几行

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook

from openpyxl.cell.cell import Cell, MergedCell

file_name = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

# 1. 获取对象

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

# 2. 读取workbook里面的所有sheet对象

sheet_obj_list = workbook_obj.worksheets

# 3. 获取某一个sheet对象

sheet_obj = sheet_obj_list[3]

# 总共有几行 总共有几列

print(sheet_obj.max_row)

print(sheet_obj.max_column)

2.3.1.2 Excel案例1

  1. 根据excel文档,读取某几列,不要表头

    import os
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_path = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_path)

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[1]

for row_obj in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):
    
    item = (row_obj[4].value, row_obj[5].value, row_obj[6].value, row_obj[10].value)
    
    print(item)

  2. 需求:获取时间(整形)

import os

import re

from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_path = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_path)

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

for row_obj in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):

    time_str = row_obj[6].value

    if not time_str:

        continue

    time_num = int(re.findall(r"(\d+)分钟", time_str)[0])

    if time_num > 10:

        print(time_num)

  1. 找到bankloan这一个工作表,并且将收入综合计算出来

    from openpyxl import load_workbook

wb = load_workbook('./files/bankloan.xlsx')
    
sheet_obj = None
    
sum_ = 0
    
sheet_names = wb.sheetnames
    
for i in range(0, len(sheet_names)):
    
    if sheet_names[i] == "bankloan":
    
        sheet_obj = wb.worksheets[i]

for row_obj in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):
    
    cell_income_obj = row_obj[4]
    
    if not cell_income_obj.value:
    
        continue
    
    sum_ += cell_income_obj.value
    
    print(cell_income_obj.value)
    
print("sum:", sum_)

  2. 获取所有sheet里面的收入数量总和

    import os
    
import re
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_path = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_path)

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

for row_obj in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):
    
    time_str = row_obj[6].value
    
    if not time_str:
    
        continue
    
    time_num = int(re.findall(r"(\d+)分钟", time_str)[0])
    
    if time_num > 10:
    
        print(time_num)
    

    # 老师的
    
import os
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_path = os.path.join("files", "Amtrak.xlsx")

workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_path)

result = {}

for sheet_obj in workbook_obj.worksheets:
    
    sheet_name = sheet_obj.title

    for row_list in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):
    
        count = row_list[1].value
    
        if not count:
    
            continue
    
        total_count += count
    
    result[sheet_name] = total_count
    
print(result)

  3. 牛逼的来啦！找到2020年的excel文件 计算这些excel文件中bankloan这一个sheet的所有收入的总和 -- 只要2020年的

    # 输出形式

result = {
    
    "2020年1月份营收": {
    
        "sheet1": 10025,
    
        "sheet2": 15864,
    
        "sheet3": 15864,
    
        "sheet4": 15864,
    
    },
    
    "2020年2月份营收": {
    
        "sheet1": 10025,
    
        "sheet2": 15864,
    
        "sheet3": 15864,
    
        "sheet4": 15864,
    
    },
    
    ...
    
}
    

    import os
    
from pprint import pprint
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

# 列出所有的文件名

result = {}

file_folder = os.path.join("files", "营收报表")
    
file_list = os.listdir(file_folder)

# 遍历所有文件
    
for file_name_str in file_list:
    
    if not file_name_str.startwith("2020"):
    
        continue
    
    # 去掉后缀名，形成字典的key
    
    file_delete_postfix_name = file_name_str.split(".")[0]

    # 初始化result字典
    
    result[file_delete_postfix_name] = dict()

    # 初始化工作簿对象
    
    workbook_obj = load_workbook(os.path.join(file_folder, file_name_str))

    # 遍历一个文件里面的所有sheet
    
    for sheet_name in workbook_obj.sheetnames:
    
        # workbook_obj.sheetnames ： 是个列表，里面包含了所有的sheet名称，每个元素都是字符串
    
        sum_ = 0  # 用以计算总收入

        # 获取sheet对象
    
        sheet_obj = workbook_obj[sheet_name]
    
        # 遍历所有行
    
        for row_obj in sheet_obj.iter_rows(min_row=2):
    
            num_income = row_obj[4].value  # 获取每一行的数据
    
            if not num_income:
    
                continue
    
            sum_ += int(num_income)  # 不空的话求和
    
        result[file_delete_postfix_name][sheet_name] = sum_  # 保存数据
    
pprint(result)

    [!Important]

    补充：获取sheet有两种方式：

    # 第一种
    
for sheet_name in workbook_obj.sheetnames:
    
 print(sheet_name, workbook_obj[sheet_name])
    
#第二种
    
for worksheet_obj in workbook_obj.worksheets:
    
 print(worksheet_obj.title, worksheet_obj)

2.3.1.2 写

  • 修改

    · 读取，将所有的内容都读取到内存
    
· 都是在内存中进行修改的
    
· 保存
    

    import os
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")

# 获取workbook对象
    
workbook_obj = load_workbook(FILE_FOLDER)

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)
    
print(cell_obj.value)

cell_obj.value = "age"
    
print(cell_obj.value)

# 将内存中的数据写入到磁盘
    
workbook_obj.save(os.path.join("files",  "2020年1月份营收-修改.xlsx"))

  • 新建

    · 读取空内容
    
· 在内存中修改操作
    
· 保存
    

    # 新建excel文件

import os
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")
    
workbook_obj = Workbook()
    
sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]
    
cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

cell_obj.value = "age"
    
workbook_obj.save("./files/create.xlsx")
    

    import os
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")
    
workbook_obj = Workbook()

workbook_obj.save("./files/create_1.xlsx")
    

    import os
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")

# 创建一个workbook对象 创建好以后会自动生成一个默认的worksheet--sheet1
    
workbook_obj = Workbook()
    
sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]
    
sheet_0.title = "数据集"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1, value="A")
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=2, value="B")
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=3, value="C")
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=4, value="D")

# 创建sheet
    
sheet_1 = workbook_obj.create_sheet(title="上海", index=1)
    
sheet_1.cell(row=1, column=1, value="A")
    
sheet_1.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "B"
    
sheet_1.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "C"
    
sheet_1.cell(row=1, column=4).value = "D"

sheet_2 = workbook_obj.create_sheet(title="北京", index=2)
    
sheet_3 = workbook_obj.create_sheet(title="广州", index=3)
    
sheet_4 = workbook_obj.create_sheet(title="深圳", index=4)

workbook_obj.save("./files/create_1.xlsx")

  • 拷贝sheet

    import os
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")

# 创建一个workbook对象 创建好以后会自动生成一个默认的worksheet
    
workbook_obj = Workbook()
    
sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

workbook_obj
    

    import os
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

FILE_FOLDER = os.path.join("files", "营收报表", "2020年1月份营收.xlsx")

# 创建一个workbook对象 创建好以后会自动生成一个默认的worksheet
    
workbook_obj = Workbook()
    
sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

new_sheet = workbook_obj.copy_worksheet(sheet_0)

new_sheet.title = "备份"

workbook_obj.save("./files/create_new.xlsx")

  • 删除sheet

    import os
    
from openpyxl import load_workbook

file_name = os.path.join("files", "create_new.xlsx")
    
# 1. 获取对象
    
workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_name)

del workbook_obj["备份"]

workbook_obj.save("./files/create_new.xlsx")

  • 单元格中写数据:

    from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

# 操作cell方式一
    
cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(1, 1)
    
cell_obj.value = "学生ID"

# 操作cell方式二
    
sheet_0["B1"] = "姓名"

# 操作cell方式三
    
cell_obj_3 = sheet_0["C1"]
    
cell_obj_3.value = "年龄"

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

  • 设置对齐方式

    from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

# 居中 换行
    
cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(1, 1)
    
cell_obj.value = "学生ID学生ID学生ID学生ID学生ID"
    
cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")
    

    # 多个单元格同时居中
    
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)
    
for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")
    

    # 边框
    
from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Border, Side
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)
    
for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行
    
    cell_obj.border = Border(top=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             left=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             right=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"),
    
                             bottom=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"))

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

  • 设置字体颜色、大小、样式等

    from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Border, Side, Font
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)
    
for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行
    
    cell_obj.border = Border(top=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             left=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             right=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"),
    
                             bottom=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"))
    
    cell_obj.font = Font(name="宋体", size=12, bold=True, italic=False, color="FFFF00")

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

  • 行高、宽

    from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Border, Side, Font
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 设置行高 宽度
    
sheet_0.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["A"].width = 80
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["B"].width = 100

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)
    
for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行
    
    cell_obj.border = Border(top=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             left=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             right=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"),
    
                             bottom=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"))
    
    cell_obj.font = Font(name="宋体", size=12, bold=True, italic=False, color="FFFF00")

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

  • 设置背景色

    from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Border, Side, Font, PatternFill, Color
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 设置行高 宽度
    
sheet_0.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["A"].width = 80
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["B"].width = 100

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)

# 背景色
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).fill = PatternFill(patternType='solid', fgColor=Color(rgb="808080"))

for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行
    
    cell_obj.border = Border(top=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             left=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             right=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"),
    
                             bottom=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"))
    
    cell_obj.font = Font(name="宋体", size=12, bold=True, italic=False, color="FFFF00")

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

  • 整合起来

    from openpyxl.styles import Alignment, Border, Side, Font, PatternFill, Color
    
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

name_list = ["张三", "里斯", "王五", "二麻子"]

# 设置行高 宽度
    
sheet_0.row_dimensions[1].height = 50
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["A"].width = 80
    
sheet_0.column_dimensions["B"].width = 100

# 居中 换行
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "姓名"
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)
    
sheet_0.cell(row=1, column=1).fill = PatternFill(patternType='solid', fgColor=Color(rgb="808080"))

for row, text in enumerate(name_list, 2):
    
    cell_obj = sheet_0.cell(row, 1)
    
    cell_obj.value = text
    
    cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center", wrap_text=True)  # 设置居中、wrap_text自动换行
    
    cell_obj.border = Border(top=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             left=Side(style="thin", color="0000FF"),
    
                             right=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"),
    
                             bottom=Side(style="medium", color="0000FF"))
    
    cell_obj.font = Font(name="宋体", size=12, bold=True, italic=False, color="FFFF00")

workbook_obj.save("./files/op_cell.xlsx")

2.3.1.3 excel案例2

# 将文件内容写到excel里面

from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

sheet_obj.title = "用户信息"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "用户名"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "密码"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "个人邮箱"

with open("./db/users/account.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8') as fp:

    line_num = 2

    for line in fp:

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:

            continue

        user_msg = line.split(",")

        for col, msg in enumerate(user_msg, start=1):

            sheet_obj.cell(line_num, col).value = msg

        line_num += 1

workbook_obj.save("./files/db/user_info.xlsx")

  • 在此基础上，给表头加上背景色、边框、居中、字体颜色。
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Color, PatternFill, Border, Side

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

sheet_obj.title = "用户信息"

# 表头 居中 字体 背景颜色

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "用户名"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).font = Font(bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                )

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).value = "密码"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).font = Font(bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=2).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                )

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).value = "个人邮箱"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).font = Font(bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=3).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                )

with open("./db/users/account.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8') as fp:

    line_num = 2

    for line in fp:

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:

            continue

        user_msg = line.split(",")

        for col, msg in enumerate(user_msg, start=1):

            sheet_obj.cell(line_num, col).value = msg

        line_num += 1

workbook_obj.save("./files/db/user_info.xlsx")
  • 写得简洁一点：
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Color, PatternFill, Border, Side

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

sheet_obj.title = "用户信息"

header_name_list = ["用户名", "密码", "个人邮箱"]

# 表头 居中 字体 背景颜色 边框

for col, header_name in enumerate(header_name_list, start=1):

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).value = header_name

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).font = Font(bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      )

with open("./db/users/account.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8') as fp:

    line_num = 2

    for line in fp:

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:

            continue

        user_msg = line.split(",")

        for col, msg in enumerate(user_msg, start=1):

            sheet_obj.cell(line_num, col).value = msg

        line_num += 1

workbook_obj.save("./files/db/user_info.xlsx")
  • 设置列宽：
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Color, PatternFill, Border, Side

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

sheet_obj.title = "用户信息"

header_name_list = ["用户名", "密码", "个人邮箱"]

for i in range(1, 4):

    sheet_obj.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(i)].width = 30

# 表头 居中 字体 背景颜色 边框

for col, header_name in enumerate(header_name_list, start=1):

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).value = header_name

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).font = Font(name="楷体", bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

    sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=col).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      )

with open("./db/users/account.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8') as fp:

    line_num = 2

    for line in fp:

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:

            continue

        user_msg = line.split(",")

        for col, msg in enumerate(user_msg, start=1):

            sheet_obj.cell(line_num, col).value = msg

        line_num += 1

workbook_obj.save("./files/db/user_info.xlsx")
  • 设置合并单元格 -- 有两种方法
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=3)

cell_obj.value = "年龄"

# 合并单元格 -- 方法一

sheet_obj.merge_cells("D2:F8")

# 合并单元格 -- 方法二

sheet_obj.merge_cells(start_row=10, start_column=10, end_row=20, end_column=20)

workbook_obj.save("./files/merge_sheet.xlsx")


from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Alignment

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

cell_obj = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1)

cell_obj.value = "瑾瑜"

cell_obj.alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

# Merge cells A1:C1

sheet_obj.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=1, end_row=1, end_column=3)

workbook_obj.save("./files/merge_sheet.xlsx")
  • 整合
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

from openpyxl.styles import Font, Alignment, Color, PatternFill, Border, Side

from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

sheet_obj.title = "用户信息"

header_name_list = ["用户名", "密码", "个人邮箱"]

for i in range(1, 4):

    sheet_obj.column_dimensions[get_column_letter(i)].width = 30

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).value = "瑾瑜"

sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

sheet_obj.merge_cells(start_row=1, start_column=1, end_row=1, end_column=3)

# 表头 居中 字体 背景颜色 边框

for col, header_name in enumerate(header_name_list, start=1):

    sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=col).value = header_name

    sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=col).alignment = Alignment(horizontal="center", vertical="center")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=col).fill = PatternFill(fgColor="DCDCDC", patternType="solid")

    sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=col).font = Font(name="楷体", bold=True, size=12, color=Color(rgb="FF0000"))

    sheet_obj.cell(row=2, column=col).border = Border(left=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      right=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      top=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      bottom=Side(border_style="medium", color="000000"),

                                                      )

with open("./db/users/account.txt", "r", encoding='utf-8') as fp:

    line_num = 3

    for line in fp:

        line = line.strip()

        if not line:

            continue

        user_msg = line.split(",")

        for col, msg in enumerate(user_msg, start=1):

            sheet_obj.cell(line_num, col).value = msg

        line_num += 1

workbook_obj.save("./files/db/user_info.xlsx")

2.3.1.4 补充

  • 写入公式
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

# 数量

sheet_0["A1"] = 10

sheet_0["A2"] = 20

sheet_0["A3"] = 8

# 单价

sheet_0["B1"] = 3

sheet_0["B2"] = 8

sheet_0["B3"] = 9

# 写入公式

sheet_0["C1"] = "=A1*B1"

sheet_0["C2"] = "=A2*B2"

sheet_0["C3"] = "=A3*B3"

sheet_0["D1"] = "=sum(A1,B1)"

sheet_0["D2"] = "=sum(A2,B2)"

sheet_0["D3"] = "=sum(A3,B3)"

workbook_obj.save("./files/equal_excel.xlsx")
  • 删除
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

# 数量

sheet_0["A1"] = 10

sheet_0["A2"] = 20

sheet_0["A3"] = 8

# 单价

sheet_0["B1"] = 3

sheet_0["B2"] = 8

sheet_0["B3"] = 9

# 写入公式

sheet_0["C1"] = "=A1*B1"

sheet_0["C2"] = "=A2*B2"

sheet_0["C3"] = "=A3*B3"

sheet_0["D1"] = "=sum(A1,B1)"

sheet_0["D2"] = "=sum(A2,B2)"

sheet_0["D3"] = "=sum(A3,B3)"

sheet_0.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=1)  # 从第二行开始删除 删除的行数为1 amount默认值为1

sheet_0.delete_columns(idx=3, amount=1)  # 从第三列开始删除 删除的列数为1 amount默认值为1

workbook_obj.save("./files/equal_excel.xlsx")
  • 插入
from openpyxl.workbook import Workbook

workbook_obj = Workbook()

sheet_0 = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

# 数量

sheet_0["A1"] = 10

sheet_0["A2"] = 20

sheet_0["A3"] = 8

# 单价

sheet_0["B1"] = 3

sheet_0["B2"] = 8

sheet_0["B3"] = 9

# 写入公式

sheet_0["C1"] = "=A1*B1"

sheet_0["C2"] = "=A2*B2"

sheet_0["C3"] = "=A3*B3"

sheet_0["D1"] = "=sum(A1,B1)"

sheet_0["D2"] = "=sum(A2,B2)"

sheet_0["D3"] = "=sum(A3,B3)"

# sheet_0.delete_rows(idx=2, amount=1)  # 从第二行开始删除 删除的行数为1

# sheet_0.delete_columns(idx=3, amount=1)  # 从第三列开始删除 删除的列数为1

sheet_0.insert_rows(idx=1, amount=3)

sheet_0.insert_cols(idx=1, amount=2)

workbook_obj.save("./files/equal_excel.xlsx")

  • 追加

[!Caution]

注意，这里面最大行max_row这个参数，如果元Excel没有数据，那么max_row的值为1，如果有n(n>=1)行数据，那么max_row的值为n，这一点要额外注意，下面的代码演示了如何通过条件判断来避免产生错误。

import os

from openpyxl import load_workbook, Workbook

def write_excel(user_name, password):

    """

    将用户名和密码写入excel文件。

    Args:

        user_name (str): 用户名

        password (str): 密码

    Returns:

    """

    # 1. 文件是否存在

    file_path = os.path.join("files", "db.xlsx")

    if os.path.exists(file_path):

        # 2. 打开文件

        workbook_obj = load_workbook(file_path)

    else:

        # 3. 创建文件

        workbook_obj = Workbook()

    sheet_obj = workbook_obj.worksheets[0]

    # 4. 写入数据

    first_row_data = sheet_obj.cell(row=1, column=1).value

    if not first_row_data:  # 第一行没有数据

        row_index = 1

    else:  # 第一行有数据

        row_index = sheet_obj.max_row + 1

    sheet_obj.cell(row=row_index, column=1).value = user_name

    sheet_obj.cell(row=row_index, column=2).value = password

    workbook_obj.save(file_path)

def run():

    """

    程序入口。

    Returns:

    """

    while True:

        print("输入用户名和密码，输入q/Q退出:")

        user_name = input("用户名 >>> ")

        password = input("密  码 >>> ")

        if user_name == "q" or user_name == "q":

            break

        write_excel(user_name, password)

if __name__ == '__main__':

    run()

[!Important]

如果在开发过程中遇到不知道的问题，有下列一些方法：

  • 搜索

    - 百度(最不可信)
    
- Google
    
- stackoverflow

  • 官方文档和源码(需要知道面向对象等知识)

2.3.2 Word操作

pip install python-docx

  • .docx文件 -- 本质上是一个压缩包

  • .docx文件 -- 底层存储:xml格式 python-docx本质上就是去解析xml文件

    <x1>fesdj9fjw0efsk</x1>
    
<xx>
    
	<mm>fewgregrthytjuykdgtr<mm>
    
<xx>
    1. 读
    • 段落对象 -- pragraph
    • 小段 -- run
    import docx

doc_obj = docx.Document("./docx_files/demo.docx")

# 获取某一个段落
    
p1 = doc_obj.paragraphs[1]

# 获取段落文本
    
print(p1.text)

# 获取段落样式
    
print(p1.style.name)

# # 获取段落中所有的runs -- run对象
    
# runs = p1.runs

run_0 = p1.runs[3]
    
print(run_0.text)  # 文本是什么
    
print(run_0.bold)  # 是否加粗
    
print(run_0.italic)  # 是否斜体
    
print(run_0.underline)  # 是否下划线
    
print(run_0.font.color.rgb)  # 字体颜色
    
print(run_0.font.name)  # 字体名称
    
print(run_0.font)  # 字体对象
    
print(run_0.font.size)  # 字体大小
    

    import docx

doc_obj = docx.Document("./docx_files/demo.docx")

# 获取所有段落
    
paragraph = doc_obj.paragraphs

for p in paragraph:
    
    print(p.text)

    下图是word的样式:

问题 -- paragraph无法读取图片，只能获取普通编写的文本。 -- 解决方法(难 需要进一步分析xml文档)

问题 -- paragraph无法读取表格，只能获取普通编写的文本。 -- 解决方法(简单 + 难)

# 简单：段落和表格独立操作

for data in doc_obj.tables:

    print(data)

# 难：逐行读取，需要进一步分析xml文档

写在最后

由于这些笔记都是从typora里面粘贴过来的，导致图片会加载失败，如果想要带图片的笔记的话，我已经上传至github，网址(​​https://github.com/wephiles/python-foundation-note​​​)如果github上不去的话也可以去我的gitee下载，网址(​​https://gitee.com/wephiles/python-django-notes​​)。欢迎大家来下载白嫖哦，最后，如果可爱又善良的你能够给我github点个star，那你将会是这个世界上运气最好的人喔。

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