Spring Trasnaction管理（1）- 线程间事务隔离

问题导读

• Spring中事务是如何实现的
• Spring中各个线程间是如何进行连接、事务隔离的

Spring事务配置

Spring的事务管理应该是日常开发中总会碰到的，但是Spring具体是怎么实现线程间的事务隔离的，下面我们就最基本的DataSourceTransactionMnager来看下。

一般使用的是以下的方式配置transaction（当然还有其他aop等方式）

    <bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>  

    <tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" transaction-manager="txManager"/>

将datasource注入transactionManager之后注册tx:annotation-driven内就可以在代码中使用注解Transactional进行定义事务了

这里是Spring在启动时将transactionManager的代码织入业务代码来实现事务管理（后续会研究如何织入的）。

getTransaction

当调用到相关业务代码前首先调用AbstractPlatformTransactionManager 的getTransaction这个方法会控制事务的传播级别（require，requirenew，support。。。）

	public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
		Object transaction = doGetTransaction(); //获得现有transaction

		// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
		boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();

		if (definition == null) {
			// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
			definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
		}

		if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
			// 如果当前transaction存在就使用handleExistingTransaction，这里是主要控制事务传播机制的地方
			return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
		}

		// Check definition settings for new transaction.
		if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
		}

		// 当前无transaction存在，根据事务传播级别进行控制
		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
		}
		else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
			}
			try {
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
				DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
						definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
				//真正开始事务
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				//将事务状态存入TransactionSynchronizationManager
				prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
				return status;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException ex) {
				resume(null, suspendedResources);
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (Error err) {
				resume(null, suspendedResources);
				throw err;
			}
		}
		else {
			// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
			if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
						"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + definition);
			}
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
		}
	}

	//获得当前transaction（如果有）
	protected Object doGetTransaction() {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
		txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
		//从TransactionSynchronizationManager中获得当前线程中的Connection
		ConnectionHolder conHolder =
				(ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(this.dataSource);
		txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
		return txObject;
	}

	...
	//开始事务
	protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
		Connection con = null;

		try {
			if (txObject.getConnectionHolder() == null ||
					txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
				//从配置中注入的datasource中获得connection
				Connection newCon = this.dataSource.getConnection();
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
				}
				txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
			}

			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
			con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();

			Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
			txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);

			// Switch to manual commit if necessary. This is very expensive in some JDBC drivers,
			// so we don't want to do it unnecessarily (for example if we've explicitly
			// configured the connection pool to set it already).
			if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
				txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
				}
				//设置非自动提交
				con.setAutoCommit(false);
			}
			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);

			int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
			if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
				txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
			}

			// Bind the session holder to the thread.
			if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
				//将新建的Connection放入TransactionSynchronizationManager
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(getDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
			}
		}

		catch (Throwable ex) {
			if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
				DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
				txObject.setConnectionHolder(null, false);
			}
			throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
		}
	}

	protected void prepareSynchronization(DefaultTransactionStatus status, TransactionDefinition definition) {
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			//将transaction的状态保存到TransactionSynchronizationManager
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(status.hasTransaction());
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(
					definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT ?
							definition.getIsolationLevel() : null);
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(definition.isReadOnly());
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(definition.getName());
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
		}
	}

public abstract class TransactionSynchronizationManager {
	//ThreadLocal的resources用来保存TransactionStatus Connection等
	private static final ThreadLocal<Map<Object, Object>> resources =
			new NamedThreadLocal<>("Transactional resources");
	...

	public static Object getResource(Object key) {
		Object actualKey = TransactionSynchronizationUtils.unwrapResourceIfNecessary(key);
		Object value = doGetResource(actualKey);
		if (value != null && logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Retrieved value [" + value + "] for key [" + actualKey + "] bound to thread [" +
					Thread.currentThread().getName() + "]");
		}
		return value;
	}

可以看到其实Spring只是简单的将获得的连接和事务信息存放到TransactionSynchronizationManager中的ThreadLoacl变量中进行保存，这样就实现了数据库连接及事务的线程安全。

Commit/Rollback

在Commit/rollback阶段是使用从一开始getTransaction方法返回的TransactionStatus（其中存放了connection和transaction的信息）作为参数传入commit/rollback进行commit/rollback并在finally中清理TransactionSynchronizationManager

//commit部分代码
	private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		try {
			boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;
			try {
				prepareForCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				beforeCompletionInvoked = true;
				boolean globalRollbackOnly = false;
				if (status.isNewTransaction() || isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
					globalRollbackOnly = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
				}
				if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint");
					}
					status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
				}
				//如果是自己创建的事物就进行提交，如果不是（比如是嵌套的）就由上层提交
				else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit");
					}
					doCommit(status);
				}
				// Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
				// marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
				if (globalRollbackOnly) {
					throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
							"Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
				}
		...
		}
		finally {
			//清除当前TransactionSynchronizationManager中transaction状态和释放申请的连接
			cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
		}
	}

小结

Spring内部维护了TransactionSynchronizationManager一个单例，并使用ThreadLocal变量记录所有连接事务的信息，这样就防止了线程之间事务、连接的共享，从而实现事务的隔离