Performing User-Managed Database-18.4、Restoring Datafiles and Archived Redo Logs

18.4、Restoring Datafiles and Archived Redo Logs

假定介质故障损坏的一个或多个数据文件，数据文件必须恢复损坏的文件之前恢复。

该位置是不是想恢复原来姿势。它必须表现出在控制文件中的数据文件的新位置。

件的过程和在文件系统上是同样的。

模拟1、在testtbs01中创建表，插入数据。然后切换日志，备份归档日志，testtbs01的某个数据文件被损坏，相应归档日志删除，还原和恢复

（1）在testtbs01中创建表并插入数据

SQL>

create table boss_new_test

( id number(5) constraint id_pk primary key,

lastname varchar2(10) constraint ln_nn not null,

firstname varchar2(10) not null unique,

userid varchar2(8) constraint ui_uq unique,

startdate date default sysdate,

user_type varchar2(4) constraint ut_ck check (user_type in('in','out'))

)

initrans 1 maxtrans 255

pctfree 20 pctused 50

storage(initial 64m next 8m pctincrease 0)

tablespace testtbs01;

SQL> insert into boss_new_test values(1,'aaa','a','00001',sysdate,'in');

SQL> commit;

（2）创建存储过程插入数据

（3）查看检查点

SQL> set linesize 120

SQL> col "文件名称" for a40

SQL>

select

ts.name "表空间名"

, df.file# "文件号"

, df.checkpoint_change# "检查点"

, df.name "文件名称"

from v$tablespace ts,v$datafile df

where ts.ts#=df.ts# and ts.name='TESTTBS01'

order by df.file#;

表空间名文件号检查点文件名称

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------

TESTTBS01 6 566111 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf

SQL> select dbid,name,log_mode,checkpoint_change# from v$database;

DBID NAME LOG_MODE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- --------- ------------ ------------------

1375601832 BOSS ARCHIVELOG 566111

SQL> select file#,name,status,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,recover from v$datafile_header where file#=6;

FILE# NAME STATUS CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# REC

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ------------------ ---

6 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf ONLINE 566111 NO

SQL> select group#,members,sequence#,archived,status,first_change# from v$log;

GROUP#    MEMBERS SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE#

---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- -------------

         1          1          5 YES INACTIVE                534657

         2          1          6 NO CURRENT               563694

         3          1          4 YES INACTIVE                514244

（4）进行日志切换，数据文件头scn和数据库scn并未变化

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> select group#,members,sequence#,archived,status,first_change# from v$log;

GROUP#    MEMBERS SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE#

---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- -------------

         1          1          5 YES INACTIVE                534657

         2          1          6 YES ACTIVE                  563694

         3          1          7 NO CURRENT                 569439

SQL> select file#,name,status,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,recover from v$datafile_header where file#=6;

FILE# NAME STATUS CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# REC

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ------------------ ---

6 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf ONLINE 566111 NO

SQL> select dbid,name,log_mode,checkpoint_change# from v$database;

DBID NAME LOG_MODE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------

1375601832 BOSS ARCHIVELOG 566111

SQL> alter system checkpoint;

SQL> select group#,members,sequence#,archived,status,first_change# from v$log;

GROUP#    MEMBERS SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE#

---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- -------------

         1          1          5 YES INACTIVE                534657

         2          1          6 YES INACTIVE                563694

         3          1          7 NO CURRENT                 569439

（5）备份新的归档日志

# cp -rf o1_mf_1_6_9rx90qq2_.arc /oradata/bossbak/test_ar_rec

（6）删除testtbs01的某个数据文件，删除o1_mf_1_6_9rx90qq2_.arc归档

# rm -rf testtbs01_01.dbf

# pwd

/oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04

# rm -rf o1_mf_1_6_9rx90qq2_.arc

（7）

SQL> alter system flush buffer_cache;

SQL> select * from boss_new_test;

ID LASTNAME   FIRSTNAME USERID   STARTDATE    USER

---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ------------ ----

         2 aa         a          00002    04-JUN-14    in

         3 bb         b          00003    04-JUN-14    in

         4 cc         c          00004    04-JUN-14    in

         5 dd         d          00005    04-JUN-14    in

         6 ff         f          00006    04-JUN-14    in

SQL> create table boss_new_test1

2 ( id number(5) constraint id_pk primary key,

3 lastname varchar2(10) constraint ln_nn not null,

4 firstname varchar2(10) not null unique,

5 userid varchar2(8) constraint ui_uq unique,

6 startdate date default sysdate,

7 user_type varchar2(4) constraint ut_ck check (user_type in('in','out'))

8 )

9 initrans 1 maxtrans 255

10 pctfree 20 pctused 50

11 storage(initial 64m next 8m pctincrease 0)

12 tablespace testtbs01;

user_type varchar2(4) constraint ut_ck check (user_type in('in','out'))

                                              *

ERROR at line 7:

ORA-01565: error in identifying file '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup open;

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

# cd $ORACLE_BASE/admin/boss/bdump

（8）还原和恢复数据文件

SQL> set linesize 150

# mkdir -p /oracle/oradata/boss/others

# cp -rf /oradata/bossbak/testtbs01_01.dbf /oracle/oradata/boss/others

SQL> select

2    ts.name "表空间名"

3    , df.file# "文件号"

4    , df.checkpoint_change# "检查点"

5    , df.name "文件名称"

6    , df.status "在线状态"

7    , rf.error "恢复原因"

8    , rf.change# "系统变更号"

9    , rf.time

10    from v$tablespace ts,v$datafile df,v$recover_file rf

11 where ts.ts#=df.ts# and df.file#=rf.file#

12 order by df.file#;

表空间名文件号检查点文件名称在线状恢复原因系统变更号 TIME

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ------------------ ---------- ------------

TESTTBS01 6 570729 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

##离线数据文件

SQL> alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf' offline;

##还原数据文件

SQL> recover datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf';

ORA-00283: recovery session canceled due to errors

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

SQL> alter database rename file '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf' to '/oracle/oradata/boss/others/testtbs01_01.dbf';

alter database rename file '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf' to '/oracle/oradata/boss/others/testtbs01_01.dbf'

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01511: error in renaming log/data files

ORA-01141: error renaming data file 6 - new file '/oracle/oradata/boss/others/testtbs01_01.dbf' not found

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

Linux Error: 13: Permission denied

Additional information: 2

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle

# chown -R oracle:oinstall /oradata

SQL> alter database rename file '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf' to '/oracle/oradata/boss/others/testtbs01_01.dbf';

##重做日志恢复

SQL> recover datafile 6;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/others/testtbs01_01.dbf' online;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select * from boss_new_test;

二次測试：

（1）导出表boss_new_test

$ exp \"sys/a as sysdba\" file=/oradata/bossbak/boss_new_test_20140604.dmp log=/oradata/bossbak/expboss_new_test.log tables=boss_new_test

（2）删除表boss_new_test

SQL> truncate table boss_new_test;

SQL> drop table boss_new_test;

SQL> purge table boss_new_test;

（3）SQL> drop tablespace testtbs01 including contents and datafiles;

(4)

SQL> select group#,members,sequence#,archived,status,first_change# from v$log;

GROUP#    MEMBERS SEQUENCE# ARC STATUS           FIRST_CHANGE#

---------- ---------- ---------- --- ---------------- -------------

         1          1         11 YES INACTIVE                572850

         2          1         12 YES INACTIVE                572852

         3          1         13 NO CURRENT                 572854

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

alter system switch logfile;

（5）备份新的归档日志

$ cp -rf *.arc /oradata/bossbak/test_ar_rec

$ ll

总用量 1724

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1735168 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_13_9rxk4vq9_.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_14_9rxk4x7j_.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    5632 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_15_9rxk52tx_.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_16_9rxk52wv_.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_17_9rxk57y7_.arc

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall    1024 6月   4 15:05 o1_mf_1_18_9rxk5818_.arc

（6）删除testtbs01的某个数据文件，删除全部归档

$ rm -rf testtbs01_01.dbf

$ cd /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04

$ rm -rf *

（7）

SQL> create table boss_new_test1

2 ( id number(5) constraint id_pk primary key,

3 lastname varchar2(10) constraint ln_nn not null,

4 firstname varchar2(10) not null unique,

5 userid varchar2(8) constraint ui_uq unique,

6 startdate date default sysdate,

7 user_type varchar2(4) constraint ut_ck check (user_type in('in','out'))

8 )

9 initrans 1 maxtrans 255

10 pctfree 20 pctused 50

11 storage(initial 64m next 8m pctincrease 0)

12 tablespace testtbs01;

user_type varchar2(4) constraint ut_ck check (user_type in('in','out'))

*

ERROR at line 7:

ORA-01565: error in identifying file '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

ORA-27037: unable to obtain file status

Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

SQL> select file#,name,status,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,recover from v$datafile_header where file#=6;

FILE# NAME STATUS CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# REC

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ------------------ ---

6 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf ONLINE 575795 NO

SQL> shutdown immediate;

SQL> startup open;

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf'

（8）

$ cp -rf /oradata/bossbak/testtbs01_01.dbf /oracle/oradata/boss/

SQL> select file#,name,status,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#,recover from v$datafile_header where file#=6;

FILE# NAME STATUS CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# REC

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------- ------------------ ---

6 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf OFFLINE 575015 YES

SQL> select dbid,name,log_mode,checkpoint_change# from v$database;

DBID NAME LOG_MODE CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

---------- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ------------------

1375601832 BOSS ARCHIVELOG 576285

SQL> select

2    ts.name "表空间名"

3    , df.file# "文件号"

4    , df.checkpoint_change# "检查点"

5    , df.name "文件名称"

6 from v$tablespace ts,v$datafile df

7 where ts.ts#=df.ts# and ts.name='TESTTBS01'

8 order by df.file#;

表空间名文件号检查点文件名称

------------------------------ ---------- ---------- ----------------------------------------

TESTTBS01 6 576285 /oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf

##多次日志切换。仅仅能从归档日志恢复

SQL> recover datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf';

ORA-00279: change 575015 generated at 06/04/2014 14:55:59 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_13_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 575015 for thread 1 is in sequence #13

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

##拷贝所需归档日志，输入auto

$ cp -rf /oradata/bossbak/test_ar_rec/*.arc /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04

SQL> recover datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf';

ORA-00279: change 575015 generated at 06/04/2014 14:55:59 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_13_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 575015 for thread 1 is in sequence #13

Specify log: {<RET>=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00279: change 575465 generated at 06/04/2014 15:02:51 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_14_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 575465 for thread 1 is in sequence #14

ORA-00278: log file '/oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_13_9rxk4vq9_.arc' no longer needed

for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 575467 generated at 06/04/2014 15:02:53 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_15_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 575467 for thread 1 is in sequence #15

ORA-00278: log file '/oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_14_9rxk4x7j_.arc' no longer needed

for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 575470 generated at 06/04/2014 15:02:58 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : /oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_16_%u_.arc

ORA-00280: change 575470 for thread 1 is in sequence #16

ORA-00278: log file '/oracle/flash_recovery_area/BOSS/archivelog/2014_06_04/o1_mf_1_15_9rxk52tx_.arc' no longer needed

for this recovery

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/boss/testtbs01_01.dbf' online;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select * from boss_new_test;

ID LASTNAME   FIRSTNAME USERID   STARTDATE    USER

---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ------------ ----

         1 aaa        a          00001    04-JUN-14    in

         2 bbb        b          00002    04-JUN-14    in

         3 ccc        c          00003    04-JUN-14    in

         4 ddd        d          00004    04-JUN-14    in

         5 eee        e          00005    04-JUN-14    in

         6 fff        f          00006    04-JUN-14    in

总结：数据文件恢复成功后，数据库scn、数据文件scn是同样的，它们和数据文件头scn不一定是相同的。但数据文件头scn>=数据库scn

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