Selenium 元素定位

selenium通过driver.findElement(By selector)来定位元素，selector在selenium-java.jar中，里面的方法一共就8种，如下图：

基本定义：

By.id
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id("passwd-id"));

By.name
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name("passwd"));

By. path
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='passwd-id']")); 

By.className
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className("input_class"));

By.cssSelector
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(".input_class"));

By.linkText
　//通俗点就是精确查询
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/");
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText("百科"));

By.partialLinkText
//这个方法就是模糊查询
WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get("http://www.baidu.com/"); 
WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("hao"));

frame定位

1.iFrame有ID 或者 name的情况
//进入id="frame1"的frame中，定位id="div1"的div和id="input1"的输入框。
dr.switchTo().frame("frame1");
dr.findElement(By.id("div1"));
dr.findElement(By.id("input1"))

2.如果一个iFrame既没有id，也没有name,通用情况
// 定位frame位置，并选取frame
WebElement frame=driver.findElement(By.xpath( "/html/body/div[2]/div[8]/div[2]/div[3]/div/div[2]/div/iframe" ));
driver.switchTo().frame(frame);

3.跳出iFrame
//跳出frame,进入default content;重新定位id="id1"的div
dr.switchTo().defaultContent();
dr.findElement（By.id("id１")）

下面提供了一些常见的方法：获取元素、判断元素是否存在、点击button、填写文本、等待事件

 import org.openqa.selenium.By;
 import org.openqa.selenium.NoSuchElementException;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
 import org.openqa.selenium.WebElement;
 import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;

 /**
  * @auth  Nancy
  * @data  2016-11-23上午11:46:14
  * @description 页面元素工具
  */
 public class UIUtils {

     public static int waitTimes = 5;

 //***************************getBy****************************

     /**
      * 判断页面元素是否存在
      * @param driver
      * @param selector
      * @return
      */
     public static boolean isElementExsit(WebDriver driver, By selector) {
         try {
             driver.findElement(selector);
             return true;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             return false;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 判断元素是否存在 通过ID
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      * @return
      */
     public static boolean isElementExsitById(WebDriver driver,String id) {
         try {
             driver.findElement(By.id(id));
             return true;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             return false;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 查找元素 通过By
      * @param driver
      * @param selector
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElement(WebDriver driver, By selector){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(selector);
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             return null;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 查找元素 通过tagName
      * @param driver
      * @param selector
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementTagName(WebDriver driver, String name){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.tagName(name));
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             return null;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 查找元素 通过Id
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementById(WebDriver driver, String id){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.id(id));
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素");
             return null;
         }
     }
     /**
      * 查找元素 通过xpath
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementByXpath(WebDriver driver, String xpath){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath));
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素");
             return null;
         }
     }

     /**
      *  查找元素 通过name
      * @param driver
      * @param name
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementByName(WebDriver driver, String name){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.name(name));
             if(element!=null){
                 return element;
             }else{
                 new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素");
                 return null;
             }
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             new NoSuchElementException("找不到元素");
             return null;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 查找元素 通过超链接
      * @param driver
      * @param text
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementByLinkText(WebDriver driver, String text){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.linkText(text));
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             new NoSuchElementException(text+"元素找不到!");
             return null;
         }
     }

     /**
      * 查找元素 通过className
      * @param driver
      * @param text
      * @return
      */
     public static WebElement getElementByClassName(WebDriver driver, String className){
         try {
             WebElement element = driver.findElement(By.className(className));
             return element;
         } catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
             new NoSuchElementException(className+"元素找不到!");
             return null;
         }
     }

 //***************************点击button****************************
     /**
      * 点击 button 超链接
      * @param driver
      * @param text
      */
     public static void clickByLinkText(WebDriver driver, String text){
         WebElement element = getElementByLinkText(driver,text);
         element.click();
         wait(waitTimes);
     }

     /**
      * 点击 button 通过Id
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      */
     public static void clickById(WebDriver driver,String id){
         WebElement element = getElementById(driver, id);
         element.click();
         wait(waitTimes);
     }
     /**
      * 点击 button 通过Id
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      */
     public static void clickByXpath(WebDriver driver,String xpath){
         WebElement element = getElementByXpath(driver, xpath);
         element.click();
         wait(waitTimes);
     }

     /**
      * 点击 button 通过name
      * @param driver
      * @param name
      */
     public static void clickByName(WebDriver driver,String name){
         WebElement element = getElementByName(driver, name);
         element.click();
         wait(waitTimes);
     }

     /**
      * 点击 button 通过classname
      * @param driver
      * @param className
      */
     public static void clickByClassName(WebDriver driver,String className){
         WebElement element =getElementByClassName(driver, className);
         element.click();
         wait(waitTimes);
     }

 //***************************选择下拉框select****************************
     public static Select selectBy(WebDriver driver,By by){
         Select userSelect= new Select(getElement(driver, by));
         return userSelect;
     }

     /**
      * 获取明文为value的值
      * @param driver
      * @param by
      * @param value
      */
     public static void selectVisualTextBy(WebDriver driver,By by,String visibleText){
         Select userSelect= new Select(getElement(driver, by));
         userSelect.selectByVisibleText(visibleText);
     }

     public static void selectVisualTextByName(WebDriver driver,String name,String visibleText){
         selectVisualTextBy(driver, By.name(name), visibleText);
     }

 //***************************赋值input****************************
     /**
      * 通过id找到元素,赋值
      * @param driver
      * @param id id
      * @param text 需要输入的文字
      */
     public static void sendKeysById(WebDriver driver, String id,String text){
         WebElement element = getElementById(driver,id);
         element.sendKeys(text);
     }

 //***************************等待****************************
     /**
      * 等待
      * @param seconds
      */
     public static void waitMoment(){
         wait(waitTimes);
     }
     /**
      * 等待
      * @param seconds
      */
     public static void wait(int seconds){
         try {
             Thread.sleep(seconds * 1000);
         } catch (InterruptedException e) {
             e.printStackTrace();
         }
     }

     /**
      * 等待元素最多三十秒
      * @param driver
      * @param id
      * @return
      */
     public static boolean waitElementById(WebDriver driver,String id){
         boolean flag = false;
         int i = 1;
         while(!flag&i<=6){
             wait(waitTimes);
             flag = isElementExsitById(driver,id);
             i++;
         }
         return flag;
     }

     /**
      * 通过超链接等待元素
      * @param driver
      * @param text
      * @return
      */
     public static boolean waitElementByLinkText(WebDriver driver,String text){
         boolean flag = false;
         int i = 1;
         while(!flag&i<=6){
             wait(waitTimes);
             flag = isElementExsit(driver,By.linkText(text));
             i++;
         }
         return flag;
     }