C#--in逆变-out协变

MSDN上的解释

协变保留兼容性，逆变与之相反

in的使用

个人理解：就是表明泛型就是可以逆变的（逆变就是大变小）

// Contravariant interface.
interface IContravariant<in A> { }

// Extending contravariant interface.
interface IExtContravariant<in A> : IContravariant<A> { }

// Implementing contravariant interface.
class Sample<A> : IContravariant<A> { }

class Program
{
    static void Test()
    {
        IContravariant<Object> iobj = new Sample<Object>();
        IContravariant<String> istr = new Sample<String>();

        // You can assign iobj to istr because
        // the IContravariant interface is contravariant.
        istr = iobj;
    }
}

out的使用

个人理解：out就是小变大

// Contravariant interface.
interface IContravariant<in A> { }

// Extending contravariant interface.
interface IExtContravariant<in A> : IContravariant<A> { }

// Implementing contravariant interface.
class Sample<A> : IContravariant<A> { }

class Program
{
    static void Test()
    {
        IContravariant<Object> iobj = new Sample<Object>();
        IContravariant<String> istr = new Sample<String>();

        // You can assign iobj to istr because
        // the IContravariant interface is contravariant.
        istr = iobj;
    }
}