CentOS 7设置yum仅仅下载rpm不安装总结

前言

参考文章：https://linux.cn/article-7937-1.html

在参考文章的基础上进行总结。

使用download-only插件实现

首先我们可以使用downloadonly插件来实现这个目标，但是前提我们需要先安装这个插件：

yum install yum-plugin-downloadonly

备注：安装这个插件的时候，请注意CentOS-Base.repo不要移除，如果将CentOS-Base.repo移除，使用CentOS-Media.repo这个挂载的镜像仓库文件，那么就会无法搜索到这个插件，因为这个插件应该是从网络上下载下来的。

接下来就可以使用如下命令下载rpm包而不安装：

yum install --downloadonly <package-name>

使用上述命令，会默认将rpm下载到/var/cache/yum/目录下，具体参数参见/etc/yum.conf文件：

[root@ambari1 hzhiping]# cat /etc/yum.conf
[main]
cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever   # 默认保存rpm的地址
keepcache=1    # 是否开启保存？1为开启，0为关闭
debuglevel=
logfile=/var/log/yum.log
exactarch=
obsoletes=
gpgcheck=
plugins=
installonly_limit=
bugtracker_url=http://bugs.centos.org/set_project.php?project_id=23&ref=http://bugs.centos.org/bug_report_page.php?category=yum
distroverpkg=centos-release

#  This is the default, if you make this bigger yum won't see if the metadata
# is newer on the remote and so you'll "gain" the bandwidth of not having to
# download the new metadata and "pay" for it by yum not having correct
# information.
#  It is esp. important, to have correct metadata, for distributions like
# Fedora which don't keep old packages around. If you don't like this checking
# interupting your command line usage, it's much better to have something
# manually check the metadata once an hour (yum-updatesd will do this).
# metadata_expire=90m

# PUT YOUR REPOS HERE OR IN separate files named file.repo
# in /etc/yum.repos.d

当然，可以指定目录，如下所示：

yum install --downloadonly  --downloaddir=/tmp <package-name>

这样子在/tmp目录下就会看到了，如果不加/表示的是相对路径，会在当前目录创建一个tmp目录，然后保存在tmp目录下。

另外也可以一次性下载多个包，格式如下：

yum install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp <package-name> <package-name>

使用yumdownloader实现

“yumdownloader” 是一款简单，但是却十分有用的命令行工具，它可以一次性下载任何 RPM 软件包及其所有依赖包。

要使用这款工具，首先我们需要安装yum-utils，命令如下：

yum install -y yum-utils

一旦下载好了，我们就能够使用yumdownloader命令去下载相关的rpm包了，以下是yumdownloader命令的帮助文档：

[root@ambari1 hzhiping]# yumdownloader --help
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Usage: "yumdownloader [options] package1 [package2] [package..]

Options:
  Plugin Options:

  Yum Base Options:
    -h, --help          show this help message and exit
    -t, --tolerant      be tolerant of errors
    -C, --cacheonly     run entirely from system cache, don't update cache
    -c [config file], --config=[config file]
                        config file location
    -R [minutes], --randomwait=[minutes]
                        maximum command wait time
    -d [debug level], --debuglevel=[debug level]
                        debugging output level
    --showduplicates    show duplicates, in repos, in list/search commands
    -e [error level], --errorlevel=[error level]
                        error output level
    --rpmverbosity=[debug level name]
                        debugging output level for rpm
    -q, --quiet         quiet operation
    -v, --verbose       verbose operation
    -y, --assumeyes     answer yes for all questions
    --assumeno          answer no for all questions
    --version           show Yum version and exit
    --installroot=[path]
                        set install root
    --enablerepo=[repo]
                        enable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
    --disablerepo=[repo]
                        disable one or more repositories (wildcards allowed)
    -x [package], --exclude=[package]
                        exclude package(s) by name or glob
    --disableexcludes=[repo]
                        disable exclude from main, for a repo or for
                        everything
    --disableincludes=[repo]
                        disable includepkgs for a repo or for everything
    --obsoletes         enable obsoletes processing during updates
    --noplugins         disable Yum plugins
    --nogpgcheck        disable gpg signature checking
    --disableplugin=[plugin]
                        disable plugins by name
    --enableplugin=[plugin]
                        enable plugins by name
    --skip-broken       skip packages with depsolving problems
    --color=COLOR       control whether color is used
    --releasever=RELEASEVER
                        set value of $releasever in yum config and repo files
    --downloadonly      don't update, just download
    --downloaddir=DLDIR
                        specifies an alternate directory to store packages
    --setopt=SETOPTS    set arbitrary config and repo options
    --bugfix            Include bugfix relevant packages, in updates
    --security          Include security relevant packages, in updates
    --advisory=ADVS, --advisories=ADVS
                        Include packages needed to fix the given advisory, in
                        updates
    --bzs=BZS           Include packages needed to fix the given BZ, in
                        updates
    --cves=CVES         Include packages needed to fix the given CVE, in
                        updates
    --sec-severity=SEVS, --secseverity=SEVS
                        Include security relevant packages matching the
                        severity, in updates

  yumdownloader options:
    --destdir=DESTDIR   destination directory (defaults to current directory)   # 指定下载的目录
    --urls              just list the urls it would download instead of
                        downloading
    --resolve           resolve dependencies and download required packages     # 下载该rpm相关的依赖包
    --source            operate on source packages
    --archlist=ARCHLIST
                        only download packages of certain architecture(s)
[root@ambari1 hzhiping]#

比如我们下载vim-enhanced及其依赖包：

坚壁清野