oracle监听的动态注册和静态注册

参考资料：

---

https://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/5543166

https://www.cnblogs.com/guilingyang/p/6074867.html

 现象1：

---

1、动态注册

参数文件中指定service_names（多个服务名vmdb,sn01,sn02），8i以后数据库实例启动后，会根据参数文件的service_names以及instance_name动态注册到监听器：

 SQL> show parameter service_names;

 NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
 service_names                 string     vmdb,sn01,sn02
 SQL> show parameter instance_name;

 NAME                     TYPE     VALUE
 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
 instance_name                 string     vmdb

2、静态注册

实例启动时读取文件$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/listener.ora文件的配置，将实例和服务注册到监听程序。listener.ora文件配置如下：

 SID_LIST_LISTENER =
   (SID_LIST =
     (SID_DESC =
       (GLOBAL_DBNAME = sn03)
       (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
       (SID_NAME = vmdb)
     )
   )

 LISTENER =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1521))
   )

 ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

3、先启动数据库再启动监听

 SQL> startup
 ORACLE instance started.

 Total System Global Area  776646656 bytes
 Fixed Size            2217384 bytes
 Variable Size          583010904 bytes
 Database Buffers      188743680 bytes
 Redo Buffers            2674688 bytes
 Database mounted.
 Database opened.

启动数据库

 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl start

 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:11

 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 TNS-01106: Listener using listener name LISTENER has already been started
 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl reload

 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:19

 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521)))
 The command completed successfully
 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl status

 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 13:03:25

 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521)))
 STATUS of the LISTENER
 ------------------------
 Alias                     LISTENER
 Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
 Start Date                28-MAR-2018 13:03:08
 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 16 sec
 Trace Level               off
 Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
 SNMP                      OFF
 Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
 Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml
 Listening Endpoints Summary...
   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521)))
 Services Summary...
 Service "sn03" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 The command completed successfully

启动监听器

发现监听服务只有静态注册的sn03

4、手工注册

SQL> alter system register; System altered.

再次查看监听，动态注册成功：

 [oracle@CentOS ~]$ lsnrctl status

 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 28-MAR-2018 12:41:00

 Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521)))
 STATUS of the LISTENER
 ------------------------
 Alias                     LISTENER
 Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
 Start Date                28-MAR-2018 12:40:45
 Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 15 sec
 Trace Level               off
 Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
 SNMP                      OFF
 Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
 Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml
 Listening Endpoints Summary...
   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=1521)))
 Services Summary...
 Service "sn01" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 Service "sn02" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 Service "sn03" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 Service "vmdb" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 Service "vmdbXDB" has 1 instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
 The command completed successfully

查看监听状态

动态注册到非默认端口

---

如果要向非默认监听注册，则要修改相应系统参数。将要监听的信息添加到tnsnames.ora文件（pmon动态注册监听时从tnsnames.ora文件读取信息）。

对于专用服务器模式：

LOCAL_LISTENER=listener_alias

对于共享服务器模式：

DISPATCHERS="(PROTOCOL=tcp)(LISTENER=listener_alias)"

例如对于专用服务器模式，监听端口1522：

1、修改listener.ora文件监听器的监听端口

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1522))
  )

2、修改tnsnames.ora，设置pmon动态注册的目标端口

 listener_alias =
   (DESCRIPTION =
     (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = CentOS)(PORT = 1522))
   )

3、修改参数LOCAL_LISTENER

alter system set local_listener=listener_alias;

alter system register;

4、查看监听状态

 [oracle@CentOS admin]$ lsnrctl status

 LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1. - Production on -MAR- ::

 Copyright (c) , , Oracle.  All rights reserved.

 Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=)))
 STATUS of the LISTENER
 ------------------------
 Alias                     LISTENER
 Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1. - Production
 Start Date                -MAR- ::
 Uptime                     days  hr.  min.  sec
 Trace Level               off
 Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
 SNMP                      OFF
 Listener Parameter File   /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2./dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
 Listener Log File         /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/CentOS/listener/alert/log.xml
 Listening Endpoints Summary...
   (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=CentOS)(PORT=)))
 Services Summary...
 Service "sn01" has  instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
 Service "sn02" has  instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
 Service "sn03" has  instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status UNKNOWN, has  handler(s) for this service...
 Service "vmdb" has  instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
 Service "vmdbXDB" has  instance(s).
   Instance "vmdb", status READY, has  handler(s) for this service...
 The command completed successfully

静态注册的意义

---

//TODO

总结：

---

与文章开头的引用的外部文章说法有些差异：

1、动态注册只会在PMON进程启动时才会自动将服务注册到监听器（一般在启动一分钟内完成注册），如果此时监听器未启动，则动态注册失败，此时如果再启动监听器，依然不会有动态注册信息。

2、静态注册与实例是否启动无关，启动监听器时会读取listener.ora文件进行静态注册，此时即便数据库未启动，监听状态依然能看到静态注册信息。重启监听器也一样，只会进行静态注册，所以可能导致动态注册信息丢失。

3、动态注册默认只注册到默认的监听器（名称LISTENER，端口1521，协议TCP），否则PMON不能动态注册listener，除非修改参数local_listener。