elasticsearch集群安装+安全验证+kibana安装

准备环境

• 启动4个centos容器, 并暴露相对应端口 （我的本机ip为172.16.1.236，以下涉及到的地方需要修改为自己的ip）

node_name	ip	http port	transport port
es01	docker宿主机ip	9205:9200	9305: 9300
es02	docker宿主机ip	9206:9200	9306: 9300
es03	docker宿主机ip	9207:9200	9307: 9300

kibana : 5601:5601

• 执行以下命令启动centos容器并暴露相应端口（使用-p 来对外映射docker容器端口）

docker run -tid --name centos1 -p 9205:9200 -p9305:9300 --privileged=true centos:latest /sbin/init
docker run -tid --name centos2 -p 9206:9200 -p9306:9300 --privileged=true centos:latest /sbin/init
docker run -tid --name centos3 -p 9207:9200 -p9307:9300 --privileged=true centos:latest /sbin/init
#centos4用于kibana安装
docker run -tid --name centos4 -p 5601:5601 --privileged=true centos:latest /sbin/init

• 注意：如果使用shell工具连接，增加 -p22:22 参数
• 参考es快速启动准备es安装包等数据

配置修改

修改system.conf配置 /etc/systemd/system.conf

sed -i "s/#DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=/DefaultLimitMEMLOCK=infinity/g" /etc/systemd/system.conf

修改limits.cong配置 /etc/security/limits.conf

• 修改如下

# nofile 最大打开文件描述符数
# nproc 最大进程数
# memlock 最大内存锁定

echo "* soft nofile 65536
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 4096
* hard nproc 4096
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited" >> /etc/security/limits.conf

修改sysctl配置 /etc/sysctl.conf

• 修改如下

echo "vm.max_map_count = 262145" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

#生效
sysctl -p

修改es占用内存 /opt/es01/config/jvm.options

sed -i "s/-Xms1g/-Xms"800m"/g" /opt/es/config/jvm.options
sed -i "s/-Xmx1g/-Xmx"800m"/g" /opt/es/config/jvm.options

开启ES内存锁定 /opt/es01/config/elasticsearch.yml

• 增加如下配置

bootstrap.memory_lock: true

ES配置文件详解

节点类型

• 主节点
  
  候选主节点的设置方法是设置node.mater为true，默认情况下，node.mater和node.data的值都为true，即该节点既可以做候选主节点也可以做数据节点。由于数据节点承载了数据的操作，负载通常都很高，所以随着集群的扩大，建议将二者分离，设置专用的候选主节点。当我们设置node.data为false，就将节点设置为专用的候选主节点了。

node.master: true
node.data: false

• 数据节点
  
  数据节点负责数据的存储和相关具体操作，比如CRUD、搜索、聚合。所以，数据节点对机器配置要求比较高，首先需要有足够的磁盘空间来存储数据，其次数据操作对系统CPU、Memory和IO的性能消耗都很大。通常随着集群的扩大，需要增加更多的数据节点来提高可用性。

node.master: false
node.data: true

• client节点
  
  即不会被选作主节点，也不会存储任何索引数据。该节点只能处理路由请求，处理搜索，分发索引操作等，从本质上来说该客户节点表现为智能负载平衡器。

 node.master = false
 node.data = false

配置集群名称

• 不同的节点配置同一个cluster.name可组成同一个集群，确保不同的集群使用不同的cluster.name
• 配置如下 :

cluster.name: es-cluster-test

配置ES节点名称

• node.name表示集群节点的名称，集群中节点进行区分，如果不配置则默认为主机名
• 配置如下

node.name: es01

配置ES节点监听地址

• 如果不配置，默认是监听在127.0.0.1 和 [::1]，同时以development的方式启动。

#监听在指定ip上
network.host : 172.17.0.1

#监听在所有ip上
network.host : 0.0.0.0

日志数据路径配置

• 配置方式

path.data: /opt/data/es
path.logs: /opt/log/es

path:
    data: /opt/data/es
    logs: /opt/log/es

• path.data, 可以设置多个目录

path:
    logs: /opt/log/es
    data:
        - /opt/data/es-A
        - /opt/data/es-B
        - /opt/data/es-C

集群发现配置

• discovery.seed_hosts 配置方式如下
  
  用于多个集群节点进行发现，组成集群

discovery.seed_hosts: ["192.168.1.10:9300", "192.168.1.11", "seeds.mydomain.com"]

discovery.seed_hosts:
   - 192.168.1.10:9300
   - 192.168.1.11
   - seeds.mydomain.com

• cluster.initial_master_nodes 配置方式如下
  
  用于集群在第一次启动时，指定可以参与选举的主节点列表 （node.master: true）

cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["es01", "es02", "es03"]

cluster.initial_master_nodes:
    -es01
    -es02
    -es03

• discovery.seed_hosts 如果不配置，会自动监听本地回环地址 将本地多个elasticsearch实例加入到集群中。

jvm配置

• /opt/es/config/jvm.options (一般配置为机器内存大小的一般)

sed -i "s/-Xms1g/-Xms"800m"/g" /opt/es/config/jvm.options
sed -i "s/-Xmx1g/-Xmx"800m"/g" /opt/es/config/jvm.options

配置Elasticsearch（本次测试配置）

es01

cluster.name: es-cluster-test
node.name: es01
path.logs: /opt/log/es
path.data: /opt/data/es
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.seed_hosts: ["172.16.1.236:9306", "172.16.1.236:9307"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["es01", "es02", "es03"]

es02

cluster.name: es-cluster-test
node.name: es02
path.logs: /opt/log/es
path.data: /opt/data/es
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.seed_hosts: ["172.16.1.236:9305", "172.16.1.236:9307"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["es01", "es02", "es03"]

es03

cluster.name: es-cluster-test
node.name: es03
path.logs: /opt/log/es
path.data: /opt/data/es
bootstrap.memory_lock: true
network.host: 0.0.0.0
http.port: 9200
transport.tcp.port: 9300
discovery.seed_hosts: ["172.16.1.236:9305", "172.16.1.236:9306"]
cluster.initial_master_nodes: ["es01", "es02", "es03"]

启动Elasticsearch

启动

• 分别进入不同的容器启动elasticsearch
• 命令如下

/opt/es/bin/elasticsearch -d

查看容器状况（容器内）

• 查看集群是否启动成功

[elasticsearch@813bf8515935 /]$ curl localhost:9200/_cat/nodes
172.17.0.7 28 91  9 0.58 0.66 0.90 dilm - es02
172.17.0.6 15 91  5 0.58 0.66 0.90 dilm - es01
172.17.0.8 35 91 13 0.58 0.66 0.90 dilm * es03

• 查看当前节点

[elasticsearch@813bf8515935 /]$ curl localhost:9200
{
  "name" : "es03",
  "cluster_name" : "es-cluster-test",
  "cluster_uuid" : "Syj18FUrR1GdnGzghBIacQ",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

• 查看节点健康状况

[elasticsearch@813bf8515935 /]$ curl localhost:9200/_cat/health?v
epoch      timestamp cluster         status node.total node.data shards pri relo init unassign pending_tasks max_task_wait_time active_shards_percent
1605859559 08:05:59  es-cluster-test green           3         3      0   0    0    0        0             0
      -                100.0%

查看容器状况（宿主机）

• 由于使用docker容器安装，因此也可以通过宿主机映射端口访问，本次测试宿主机为windows
  
  

开启集群安全验证

修改配置

• 分别在不同的Es节点修改配置开启安全验证

echo "xpack.security.enabled: true" >> /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml
echo "xpack.security.transport.ssl.enabled: true" >> /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml

生成证书

• 选择其中一个节点生成CA证书，默认情况下生成证书放在 /opt/es

#创建ca证书   /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch-certutil ca -v
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b es]$ /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch-certutil ca -v
This tool assists you in the generation of X.509 certificates and certificate
signing requests for use with SSL/TLS in the Elastic stack.

The 'ca' mode generates a new 'certificate authority'
This will create a new X.509 certificate and private key that can be used
to sign certificate when running in 'cert' mode.

Use the 'ca-dn' option if you wish to configure the 'distinguished name'
of the certificate authority

By default the 'ca' mode produces a single PKCS#12 output file which holds:
    * The CA certificate
    * The CA's private key

If you elect to generate PEM format certificates (the -pem option), then the output will
be a zip file containing individual files for the CA certificate and private key

Please enter the desired output file [elastic-stack-ca.p12]:    #输入回车，使用默认
Enter password for elastic-stack-ca.p12 :      #回车，暂不输入密码

• 与上一步骤同一个节点创建节点见认证用的证书

#创建节点间证书  /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b es]$ /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch-certutil cert --ca elastic-stack-ca.p12
This tool assists you in the generation of X.509 certificates and certificate
signing requests for use with SSL/TLS in the Elastic stack.

The 'cert' mode generates X.509 certificate and private keys.
    * By default, this generates a single certificate and key for use
       on a single instance.
    * The '-multiple' option will prompt you to enter details for multiple
       instances and will generate a certificate and key for each one
    * The '-in' option allows for the certificate generation to be automated by describing
       the details of each instance in a YAML file

    * An instance is any piece of the Elastic Stack that requires an SSL certificate.
      Depending on your configuration, Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana, and Beats
      may all require a certificate and private key.
    * The minimum required value for each instance is a name. This can simply be the
      hostname, which will be used as the Common Name of the certificate. A full
      distinguished name may also be used.
    * A filename value may be required for each instance. This is necessary when the
      name would result in an invalid file or directory name. The name provided here
      is used as the directory name (within the zip) and the prefix for the key and
      certificate files. The filename is required if you are prompted and the name
      is not displayed in the prompt.
    * IP addresses and DNS names are optional. Multiple values can be specified as a
      comma separated string. If no IP addresses or DNS names are provided, you may
      disable hostname verification in your SSL configuration.

    * All certificates generated by this tool will be signed by a certificate authority (CA).
    * The tool can automatically generate a new CA for you, or you can provide your own with the
         -ca or -ca-cert command line options.

By default the 'cert' mode produces a single PKCS#12 output file which holds:
    * The instance certificate
    * The private key for the instance certificate
    * The CA certificate

If you specify any of the following options:
    * -pem (PEM formatted output)
    * -keep-ca-key (retain generated CA key)
    * -multiple (generate multiple certificates)
    * -in (generate certificates from an input file)
then the output will be be a zip file containing individual certificate/key files

Enter password for CA (elastic-stack-ca.p12) :      #暂留空
Please enter the desired output file [elastic-certificates.p12]: #默认
Enter password for elastic-certificates.p12 :        #ca证书密码，此次为空

Certificates written to /opt/es/elastic-certificates.p12

This file should be properly secured as it contains the private key for
your instance.

This file is a self contained file and can be copied and used 'as is'
For each Elastic product that you wish to configure, you should copy
this '.p12' file to the relevant configuration directory
and then follow the SSL configuration instructions in the product guide.

For client applications, you may only need to copy the CA certificate and
configure the client to trust this certificate.

• 配置ES节点使用这个证书

# 将生成证书拷贝到 /opt/es/config/certs目录下
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b es]$ mkdir -p  /opt/es/config/certs
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b config]$ mv /opt/es/elastic-* /opt/es/config/certs/
# 将certs目录拷贝到其它Es节点 （在宿主机进行该操作）
#拷贝certs目录到本地
PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker cp centos2:/opt/es/config/certs C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop
#拷贝certs目录到其它两个节点
PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker cp C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\certs centos1:/opt/es/config
PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker cp C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\certs centos3:/opt/es/config
#在每个节点修改 /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml 配置
[elasticsearch@813bf8515935 /]$ echo "xpack.security.transport.ssl.verification_mode: certificate
xpack.security.transport.ssl.keystore.path: certs/elastic-certificates.p12
xpack.security.transport.ssl.truststore.path: certs/elastic-certificates.p12" >> /opt/es/config/elasticsearch.yml

• 重启

#在每个容器杀死elastic进程并重启
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b config]$ kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'elasticsearch' | grep '/bin/java' | grep -v grep | awk '{print $2}')
#启动
[elasticsearch@c824e845075b config]$ /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch -d

• 任意一个节点生成密码

[elasticsearch@6ebd0bc8cc5d certs]$ /opt/es/bin/elasticsearch-setup-passwords interactive
Initiating the setup of passwords for reserved users elastic,apm_system,kibana,logstash_system,beats_system,remote_monitoring_user.
You will be prompted to enter passwords as the process progresses.
Please confirm that you would like to continue [y/N]y

Enter password for [elastic]:
Reenter password for [elastic]:
Enter password for [apm_system]:
Reenter password for [apm_system]:
Enter password for [kibana]:
Reenter password for [kibana]:
Enter password for [logstash_system]:
Reenter password for [logstash_system]:
Enter password for [beats_system]:
Reenter password for [beats_system]:
Enter password for [remote_monitoring_user]:
Reenter password for [remote_monitoring_user]:
Changed password for user [apm_system]
Changed password for user [kibana]
Changed password for user [logstash_system]
Changed password for user [beats_system]
Changed password for user [remote_monitoring_user]
Changed password for user [elastic]

• 测试

#此时直接访问会报无权限异常，需要增加 -u elastic 参数进行访问
[elasticsearch@6ebd0bc8cc5d certs]$ curl localhost:9200
{"error":{"root_cause":[{"type":"security_exception","reason":"missing authentication credentials for REST request [/]","header":{"WWW-Authenticate":"Basic realm=\"security\" charset=\"UTF-8\""}}],"type":"security_exception","reason":"missing authentication credentials for REST request [/]","header":{"WWW-Authenticate":"Basic realm=\"security\" charset=\"UTF-8\""}},"status":401}

#增加 -u elastic
[elasticsearch@6ebd0bc8cc5d certs]$ curl -u elastic localhost:9200
Enter host password for user 'elastic':
{
  "name" : "es01",
  "cluster_name" : "es-cluster-test",
  "cluster_uuid" : "Syj18FUrR1GdnGzghBIacQ",
  "version" : {
    "number" : "7.6.2",
    "build_flavor" : "default",
    "build_type" : "tar",
    "build_hash" : "ef48eb35cf30adf4db14086e8aabd07ef6fb113f",
    "build_date" : "2020-03-26T06:34:37.794943Z",
    "build_snapshot" : false,
    "lucene_version" : "8.4.0",
    "minimum_wire_compatibility_version" : "6.8.0",
    "minimum_index_compatibility_version" : "6.0.0-beta1"
  },
  "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"
}

kibana的安装配置

准备

下载地址

• kibana版本号与elasticsearch相同，本文使用7.6.2
• 将主备好的kibana压缩包移动到容器内，并进入到容器

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker cp C:\Users\Administrator\Downloads\kibana-7.6.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz centos4:/opt

PS C:\Users\Administrator> docker exec -it centos4 /bin/bash

• 解压安装

[root@db0759d8c6c8 /]# useradd kibana
[root@db0759d8c6c8 /]# chown -R kibana /opt
[root@db0759d8c6c8 /]# su kibana
[kibana@db0759d8c6c8 /]$ cd /opt/
[kibana@db0759d8c6c8 opt]$ tar -zxvf /opt/kibana-7.6.2-linux-x86_64.tar.gz -C /opt && mv kibana-7.6.2-linux-x86_64 kibana

配置文件修改并启动

• kibana配置文件修改

[kibana@db0759d8c6c8 opt]$ vi kibana/config/kibana.yml
server.port: 5601
server.host: "0.0.0.0"
server.name: "mykibana"
elasticsearch.hosts: ["http://172.16.1.236:9205"]
kibana.index: ".kibana"
elasticsearch.username: "kibana"
elasticsearch.password: "123123"
i18n.locale: "zh-CN"

• 启动

[kibana@db0759d8c6c8 opt]$ /opt/kibana/bin/kibana

• 在宿主访问 127.0.0.1:5601 进行测试
  
  

可以查看集群状态信息