Selenium provides the following methods to locate elements in a page:

  • find_element_by_id
  • find_element_by_name
  • find_element_by_xpath
  • find_element_by_link_text
  • find_element_by_partial_link_text
  • find_element_by_tag_name
  • find_element_by_class_name
  • find_element_by_css_selector

To find multiple elements (these methods will return a list):

  • find_elements_by_name
  • find_elements_by_xpath
  • find_elements_by_link_text
  • find_elements_by_partial_link_text
  • find_elements_by_tag_name
  • find_elements_by_class_name
  • find_elements_by_css_selector

Apart from the public methods given above, there are two private methods which might be useful with locators in page objects. These are the two private methods: find_element and find_elements.

Example usage:

# Python

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//button[text()="Some text"]')

driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//button')

These are the attributes available for By class:

ID = "id"

XPATH = "xpath"

LINK_TEXT = "link text"

PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"

NAME = "name"

TAG_NAME = "tag name"

CLASS_NAME = "class name"

CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

Locating by XPath

XPath is the language used for locating nodes in an XML document. As HTML can be an implementation of XML (XHTML), Selenium users can leverage this powerful language to target elements in their web applications. XPath extends beyond (as well as supporting) the simple methods of locating by id or name attributes, and opens up all sorts of new possibilities such as locating the third checkbox on the page.

One of the main reasons for using XPath is when you don’t have a suitable id or name attribute for the element you wish to locate. You can use XPath to either locate the element in absolute terms (not advised), or relative to an element that does have an id or name attribute. XPath locators can also be used to specify elements via attributes other than id and name.

Absolute XPaths contain the location of all elements from the root (html) and as a result are likely to fail with only the slightest adjustment to the application. By finding a nearby element with an id or name attribute (ideally a parent element) you can locate your target element based on the relationship. This is much less likely to change and can make your tests more robust.

<html>

 <body>

  <form id="loginForm">

   <input name="username" type="text" />

   <input name="password" type="password" />

   <input name="continue" type="submit" value="Login" />

   <input name="continue" type="button" value="Clear" />

  </form>

</body>

<html>

The form elements can be located like this:

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("/html/body/form[1]")

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[1]")

login_form = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']")
  1. Absolute path (would break if the HTML was changed only slightly)
  2. First form element in the HTML
  3. The form element with attribute named id and the value loginForm

The username element can be located like this:

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[input/@name='username']")

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[1]")

username = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='username']")
  1. First form element with an input child element with attribute named name and the valueusername
  2. First input child element of the form element with attribute named id and the value loginForm
  3. First input element with attribute named ‘name’ and the value username

The “Clear” button element can be located like this:

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//input[@name='continue'][@type='button']")

clear_button = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//form[@id='loginForm']/input[4]")
  1. Input with attribute named name and the value continue and attribute named type and the valuebutton
  2. Fourth input child element of the form element with attribute named id and value loginForm

There are also a couple of very useful Add-ons that can assist in discovering the XPath of an element:

  • XPath Checker - suggests XPath and can be used to test XPath results.
  • Firebug - XPath suggestions are just one of the many powerful features of this very useful add-on.
  • XPath Helper - for Google Chrome

Selenium - WebDriver: Locating Elements的更多相关文章

  1. Selenium Tutorial (1) - Starting with Selenium WebDriver

    Starting with Selenium WebDriver Selenium WebDriver - Introduction & Features How Selenium WebDr ...

  2. [Python爬虫] Selenium实现自动登录163邮箱和Locating Elements介绍

    前三篇文章介绍了安装过程和通过Selenium实现访问Firefox浏览器并自动搜索"Eastmount"关键字及截图的功能.而这篇文章主要简单介绍如何实现自动登录163邮箱,同时 ...

  3. Selenium Locating Elements

    Locating Elements Location Methods: find_element_by_id find_element_by_name find_element_by_xpath fi ...

  4. Selenium - WebDriver: Waits

    These days most of the web apps are using AJAX techniques. When a page is loaded to browser, the ele ...

  5. Selenium WebDriver Code

    Selenium WebDriver 用于模拟浏览器的功能,可以做网站测试用,也可以用来做crawler.我是用eclipse开发的,导入selenium-server-standalone-***. ...

  6. selenium webdriver 右键另存为下载文件（结合robot and autoIt）

    首先感谢Lakshay Sharma 大神的指导 最近一直在研究selenium webdriver右键菜单,发现selenium webdriver 无法操作浏览器右键菜单,如图 如果我想右键另存为 ...

  7. Selenium_用selenium webdriver实现selenium RC中的类似的方法

    最近想总结一下学习selenium webdriver的情况,于是就想用selenium webdriver里面的方法来实现selenium RC中操作的一些方法.目前封装了一个ActionDrive ...

  8. Selenium Webdriver定位元素的几种方式

    原文:http://www.cnblogs.com/tobecrazy/p/4570494.html 工作中使用到记录一下. 主要有: 上传 alter dialog prompt dialog co ...

  9. Selenium - WebDriver: Page Objects

    This chapter is a tutorial introduction to page objects design pattern. A page object represents an ...

随机推荐

  1. NYOJ-596-谁是最好的Coder

    原题链接 谁是最好的Coder 时间限制:1000 ms  |  内存限制:65535 KB 难度:0 描述 计科班有很多Coder,帅帅想知道自己是不是综合实力最强的coder. 帅帅喜欢帅,所以他 ...

  2. World Wind Java开发之十三——加载Geoserver发布的WMS服务（转）

    这篇是转载的平常心博客,原地址见:http://www.v5cn.cn/?p=171 1.WMSTiledImageLayer类说明 一个WMSTiledImageLayer类对象只能对应一个WMS发 ...

  3. Aizu 0525 Osenbei(状压+贪心)

    题意:翻煎饼,只能横着翻或者竖着翻.问最多有多少朝上? 行只有10,所以枚举一下2^10的状态,每列取0或1中最大的一个. 在枚举外面把饼翻好,枚举里面指针指一下就好.(位运算或bitset乱搞 #i ...

  4. Problem G: 圆周率

    Problem G: 圆周率 Time Limit: 1 Sec  Memory Limit: 128 MBSubmit: 155  Solved: 99[Submit][Status][Web Bo ...

  5. python_54_函数调用函数

    logger函数的定义要放在函数调用之前,在test1(1,2)前边,一下两种都可以 def test1(x,y): print(x,y) logger('Test1') def logger(sou ...

  6. javaweb基础(28)_jstl的核心标签

    一.JSTL标签库介绍 JSTL标签库的使用是为弥补html标签的不足,规范自定义标签的使用而诞生的.使用JSLT标签的目的就是不希望在jsp页面中出现java逻辑代码 二.JSTL标签库的分类 核心 ...

  7. CXF学习记录

    1 apache CXF入门 1.1 下载 官网:cxf.apache.org 下载CXF的开发包: Apache CXF = Celtix + Xfire 支持多种协议: SOAP1.1,1.2 X ...

  8. Cesium专栏-测量工具测距、测面、测高(附源码下载)

    Cesium Cesium 是一款面向三维地球和地图的,世界级的JavaScript开源产品.它提供了基于JavaScript语言的开发包,方便用户快速搭建一款零插件的虚拟地球Web应用,并在性能,精 ...

  9. LigerUI的下拉框行和树的设置（表单生成）

    http://blog.csdn.net/dxnn520/article/details/8194767 // ---------------------- // [下拉树设置 -- 单选] {dis ...

  10. 20180911 关于页面加载顺序引发的JS的undefined/null错误

    引用: 百度知道-HTML+JavaScript执行顺序问题 这是我在学习JS滚动播放图片案例意外遇到的一个问题,代码完成后console弹出错误警告: Uncaught TypeError: Can ...