python ghost.py使用笔记
>>> import ghost
>>> dir(ghost)
['Error', 'Ghost', 'GhostTestCase', 'TimeoutError', '__builtins__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__name__', '__package__', '__path__', '__version__', 'ghost', 'logger', 'test']
>>>
>>>gh = ghost.Ghost(display=True)

>>> help(ghost.Ghost)
Help on class Ghost in module ghost.ghost: class Ghost(__builtin__.object)
| Ghost manages a QWebPage.
|
| :param user_agent: The default User-Agent header.
| :param wait_timeout: Maximum step duration in second.
| :param wait_callback: An optional callable that is periodically
| executed until Ghost stops waiting.
| :param log_level: The optional logging level.
| :param log_handler: The optional logging handler.
| :param display: A boolean that tells ghost to displays UI.
| :param viewport_size: A tuple that sets initial viewport size.
| :param ignore_ssl_errors: A boolean that forces ignore ssl errors.
| :param plugins_enabled: Enable plugins (like Flash).
| :param java_enabled: Enable Java JRE.
| :param plugin_path: Array with paths to plugin directories
| (default ['/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins'])
| :param download_images: Indicate if the browser should download images
|
| Methods defined here:
|
| __del__(self)
|
| __enter__(self)
|
| __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb)
|
| __init__(self, user_agent='Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/535....TML, like Gecko) Chrome/15.0.874.121 Safari/535.2', wait_timeout=8, wait_callback=None, log_level=30, log_handler=<logging.StreamHandler object>, display=False, viewport_size=(800, 600), ignore_ssl_errors=True, plugins_enabled=False, java_enabled=False, javascript_enabled=True, plugin_path=['/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins'], download_images=True, show_scrollbars=True, network_access_manager_class=<class 'ghost.ghost.NetworkAccessManager'>)
|
| append_popup_message(self, message)
- user_agent 这个是浏览器头部,作用就不解释了,请自行百度
- wait_timeout 超时参数,有些网页加载很慢,这个超时会显示加载时间,当加载时间超出后,就不在等待页面加载,而继续执行下一段代码
- wait_callback 没用过。。
- log_level 日志级别
- display 前面已经演示了
- viewport_size 窗口大小,默认窗口大小是800*600,不过这个可以自己设置,例如
>>> gh = ghost.Ghost(display=True, viewport_size=(1000, 100))
- download_images 是否加载网页上的图片,有时候为了提高网页的加载速度或别的目的,需要禁止图片的加载
- plugins_enabled 是否使用插件,默认为False,例如如果不改为True的话,就无法播放需要使用flash插件的视频,打开的视频网页就无法播放
>>> dir(gh)
['__class__', '__del__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__enter__', '__exit__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_alert', '_app', '_authenticate', '_confirm_expected', '_on_manager_ssl_errors', '_page_load_started', '_page_loaded', '_prompt_expected', '_release_last_resources', '_reply_download_content', '_request_ended', '_unsupported_content', '_upload_file', 'append_popup_message', 'call', 'capture', 'capture_to', 'clear_alert_message', 'click', 'confirm', 'content', 'cookie_jar', 'cookies', 'delete_cookies', 'display', 'evaluate', 'evaluate_js_file', 'exists', 'exit', 'fill', 'fire', 'frame', 'global_exists', 'hide', 'http_resources', 'id', 'ignore_ssl_errors', 'load_cookies', 'loaded', 'logger', 'main_frame', 'manager', 'open', 'page', 'popup_messages', 'print_to_pdf', 'prompt', 'region_for_selector', 'save_cookies', 'scroll_to_anchor', 'set_field_value', 'set_proxy', 'set_viewport_size', 'show', 'sleep', 'user_agent', 'wait_callback', 'wait_for', 'wait_for_alert', 'wait_for_page_loaded', 'wait_for_selector', 'wait_for_text', 'wait_timeout', 'wait_while_selector', 'webview']
>>> help(gh.open)
Help on method open in module ghost.ghost: open(self, address, method='get', headers={}, auth=None, body=None, default_popup_response=None, wait=True, timeout=None, client_certificate=None) method of ghost.ghost.Ghost instance
Opens a web page. :param address: The resource URL.
:param method: The Http method.
:param headers: An optional dict of extra request hearders.
:param auth: An optional tuple of HTTP auth (username, password).
:param body: An optional string containing a payload.
:param default_popup_response: the default response for any confirm/
alert/prompt popup from the Javascript (replaces the need for the with
blocks)
:param wait: If set to True (which is the default), this
method call waits for the page load to complete before
returning. Otherwise, it just starts the page load task and
it is the caller's responsibilty to wait for the load to
finish by other means (e.g. by calling wait_for_page_loaded()).
:param timeout: An optional timeout.
:param client_certificate An optional dict with "certificate_path" and
"key_path" both paths corresponding to the certificate and key files
:return: Page resource, and all loaded resources, unless wait
is False, in which case it returns None. >>>
>>> page, source = gh.open('http://www.baidu.com')

>>> gh.sleep(10)
>>> page, resources = gh.open("http://www.baidu.com")
class HttpResource(object):
"""Represents an HTTP resource.
"""
def __init__(self, ghost, reply, content):
self.ghost = ghost
self.url = reply.url().toString()
self.content = content
try:
self.content = unicode(content)
except UnicodeDecodeError:
self.content = content
>>> dir(page)
['__class__', '__delattr__', '__dict__', '__doc__', '__format__', '__getattribute__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__module__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '__weakref__', '_reply', 'content', 'ghost', 'headers', 'http_status', 'url']
>>>
def wait_for_page_loaded(self, timeout=None):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested. :param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded,
'Unable to load requested page', timeout)
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
url_without_hash = url.split("#")[0] for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url or url_without_hash == resource.url:
page = resource self.logger.info('Page loaded %s' % url) return page, resources
>>> gh.open('http://www.google.com')
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#4>", line 1, in <module>
gh.open('http://www.google.com')
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 850, in open
return self.wait_for_page_loaded(timeout=timeout)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 1144, in wait_for_page_loaded
'Unable to load requested page', timeout)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 1122, in wait_for
raise TimeoutError(timeout_message)
TimeoutError: Unable to load requested page
>>> gh.show()
>>> gh.hide()
def sleep(self, value=0.1):
started_at = time.time()
while time.time() <= (started_at + value):
time.sleep(0.01)
Ghost._app.processEvents()
def exit(self):
"""Exits application and related."""
if self.display:
self.webview.close()
Ghost._app.quit()
del self.manager
del self.page
del self.main_frame
if hasattr(self, 'xvfb'):
self.xvfb.terminate()
>>> gh.exit()
>>> page, resources = gh.open('http://www.baidu.com') Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#8>", line 1, in <module>
page, resources = gh.open('http://www.baidu.com')
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 842, in open
self.main_frame.load(request, method, body)
AttributeError: 'Ghost' object has no attribute 'main_frame'
>>> help(gh.exists)
Help on method exists in module ghost.ghost: exists(self, selector) method of ghost.ghost.Ghost instance
Checks if element exists for given selector. :param string: The element selector.
>>> gh.exists('#su')
True
@can_load_page
def click(self, selector):
"""Click the targeted element. :param selector: A CSS3 selector to targeted element.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find element to click")
return self.evaluate("""
(function () {
var element = document.querySelector(%s);
var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
false, false, false, false, 0, element);
return element.dispatchEvent(evt);
})();
""" % repr(selector))
>>> gh.click("#su", expect_loading=True)
(<ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002571C18>, [<ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002571C18>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610390>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026104E0>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026106D8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610710>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610748>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026107B8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610828>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610898>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026109E8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610A58>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610B00>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610BA8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610C50>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610CF8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610DA0>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610EB8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610F60>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000002610F98>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x0000000004B3C048>])
>>>
>>> gh.fire("#su", 'click', expect_loading=True)
(<ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026105F8>, [<ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000026105F8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D38D0>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3860>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3940>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D39E8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3A20>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3A58>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3AC8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3B38>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3C18>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3CC0>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3D68>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3E10>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3EB8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000088D3F60>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000092DD048>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000092DD0B8>, <ghost.ghost.HttpResource object at 0x00000000092DD160>])
@can_load_page
def fire(self, selector, event):
"""Fire `event` on element at `selector` :param selector: A selector to target the element.
:param event: The name of the event to trigger.
"""
self.logger.debug('Fire `%s` on `%s`' % (event, selector))
element = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector)
return element.evaluateJavaScript("""
var event = document.createEvent("HTMLEvents");
event.initEvent('%s', true, true);
this.dispatchEvent(event);
""" % event)
@can_load_page
def set_field_value(self, selector, value, blur=True):
"""Sets the value of the field matched by given selector. :param selector: A CSS selector that target the field.
:param value: The value to fill in.
:param blur: An optional boolean that force blur when filled in.
"""
self.logger.debug('Setting value "%s" for "%s"' % (value, selector))
>>> gh.set_field_value("#kw", "hello", expect_loading=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
gh.set_field_value("#kw", "hello", expect_loading=True)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 215, in wrapper
timeout=kwargs.pop('timeout', None))
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 1144, in wait_for_page_loaded
'Unable to load requested page', timeout)
File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\ghost.py-0.1.1-py2.7.egg\ghost\ghost.py", line 1122, in wait_for
raise TimeoutError(timeout_message)
TimeoutError: Unable to load requested page

>>> gh.fill("#form", {"wd":"hello"})
(True, [])
@can_load_page
def fill(self, selector, values):
"""Fills a form with provided values. :param selector: A CSS selector to the target form to fill.
:param values: A dict containing the values.
"""
if not self.exists(selector):
raise Error("Can't find form")
resources = []
for field in values:
r, res = self.set_field_value(
"%s [name=%s]" % (selector, repr(field)), values[field])
resources.extend(res)
return True, resources
@can_load_page
def evaluate(self, script):
"""Evaluates script in page frame. :param script: The script to evaluate.
"""
return (
self.main_frame.evaluateJavaScript("%s" % script),
self._release_last_resources(),
)
def evaluate_js_file(self, path, encoding='utf-8', **kwargs):
"""Evaluates javascript file at given path in current frame.
Raises native IOException in case of invalid file. :param path: The path of the file.
:param encoding: The file's encoding.
"""
with codecs.open(path, encoding=encoding) as f:
return self.evaluate(f.read(), **kwargs)
def wait_for(self, condition, timeout_message, timeout=None):
"""Waits until condition is True. :param condition: A callable that returns the condition.
:param timeout_message: The exception message on timeout.
:param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
timeout = self.wait_timeout if timeout is None else timeout
started_at = time.time()
while not condition():
if time.time() > (started_at + timeout):
raise TimeoutError(timeout_message)
self.sleep()
if self.wait_callback is not None:
self.wait_callback()
def wait_for_alert(self, timeout=None):
"""Waits for main frame alert(). :param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self._alert is not None,
'User has not been alerted.', timeout)
msg = self._alert
self._alert = None
return msg, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_page_loaded(self, timeout=None):
"""Waits until page is loaded, assumed that a page as been requested. :param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(lambda: self.loaded,
'Unable to load requested page', timeout)
resources = self._release_last_resources()
page = None url = self.main_frame.url().toString()
url_without_hash = url.split("#")[0] for resource in resources:
if url == resource.url or url_without_hash == resource.url:
page = resource self.logger.info('Page loaded %s' % url) return page, resources
def wait_for_selector(self, selector, timeout=None):
"""Waits until selector match an element on the frame. :param selector: The selector to wait for.
:param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(
lambda: self.exists(selector),
'Can\'t find element matching "%s"' % selector,
timeout,
)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_while_selector(self, selector, timeout=None):
"""Waits until the selector no longer matches an element on the frame. :param selector: The selector to wait for.
:param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(
lambda: not self.exists(selector),
'Element matching "%s" is still available' % selector,
timeout,
)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def wait_for_text(self, text, timeout=None):
"""Waits until given text appear on main frame. :param text: The text to wait for.
:param timeout: An optional timeout.
"""
self.wait_for(
lambda: text in self.content,
'Can\'t find "%s" in current frame' % text,
timeout,
)
return True, self._release_last_resources()
def region_for_selector(self, selector):
"""Returns frame region for given selector as tuple. :param selector: The targeted element.
"""
geo = self.main_frame.findFirstElement(selector).geometry()
try:
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
except:
raise Error("can't get region for selector '%s'" % selector)
return region
selector = 'div'
elements_div = gh.main_frame.findAllElements(selector)
for element in elements_div:
if 'target' in element.toPlainText():
break
geo = element.geometry()
region = (geo.left(), geo.top(), geo.right(), geo.bottom())
def capture(
self,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=None,
):
"""Returns snapshot as QImage. :param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
""" if format is None:
format = QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied
>>> region = (500, 0, 800, 500)
>>> gh.capture_to("./baidu.png", region=region)

>>> gh.capture_to("./baidu.png", selector='#su')

if region is None and selector is not None:
region = self.region_for_selector(selector)
def capture_to(
self,
path,
region=None,
selector=None,
format=None,
):
"""Saves snapshot as image. :param path: The destination path.
:param region: An optional tuple containing region as pixel
coodinates.
:param selector: A selector targeted the element to crop on.
:param format: The output image format.
""" if format is None:
format = QImage.Format_ARGB32_Premultiplied self.capture(region=region, format=format,
selector=selector).save(path)
@property
def cookies(self):
"""Returns all cookies."""
return self.cookie_jar.allCookies()
def delete_cookies(self):
"""Deletes all cookies."""
self.cookie_jar.setAllCookies([])
import cookielib
gh = ghost.Ghost()
cj = cookielib.LWPCookieJar()
cj.load('cookie.txt', ignore_discard=True, ignore_expires=True)
gh.load_cookies(cj)
def load_cookies(self, cookie_storage, keep_old=False):
"""load from cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file. :param cookie_storage: file location string on disk or CookieJar
instance.
:param keep_old: Don't reset, keep cookies not overridden.
"""
def save_cookies(self, cookie_storage):
"""Save to cookielib's CookieJar or Set-Cookie3 format text file. :param cookie_storage: file location string or CookieJar instance.
"""
>>> gh.set_proxy("http", "192.168.1.1", 80)
>>> gh.set_proxy("default")
def set_proxy(
self,
type_,
host='localhost',
port=8888,
user='',
password='',
):
"""Set up proxy for FURTHER connections. :param type_: proxy type to use: \
none/default/socks5/https/http.
:param host: proxy server ip or host name.
:param port: proxy port.
"""
#部分源码
self.page.settings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, download_images)
>>> gh.page.settings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, False) Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<pyshell#24>", line 2, in <module>
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, False)
NameError: name 'QtWebKit' is not defined
bindings = ["PySide", "PyQt4"] def _import(name):
if binding is None:
return LazyBinding() name = "%s.%s" % (binding.__name__, name)
module = __import__(name)
for n in name.split(".")[1:]:
module = getattr(module, n)
return module QtWebKit = _import('QtWebKit')
>>> from PySide import QtWebKit
>>> gh.page.settings().setAttribute(
QtWebKit.QWebSettings.AutoLoadImages, False)
>>>
>>> gh.main_frame.findFirstElement("#su").toPlainText()
u''
>>> gh.main_frame.findFirstElement("#su").attribute('value')
u'\u767e\u5ea6\u4e00\u4e0b'
>>>
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