mysql及redis环境部署时遇到的问题解决

redis开启远程访问
redis默认只允许本地访问，要使redis可以远程访问可以修改redis.conf
打开redis.conf文件在NETWORK部分有说明

解决办法：注释掉bind 127.0.0.1可以使所有的ip访问redis

若是想指定多个ip访问，但并不是全部的ip访问，可以bind

在redis3.2之后，redis增加了protected-mode，在这个模式下，即使注释掉了bind 127.0.0.1，再访问redisd时候还是报错，如下

修改办法：protected-mode no

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens
# for connections from all the network interfaces available on the server.
# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using
# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.
#
# Examples:
#
# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1
# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1
#
# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the
# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the
# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the
# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only into
# the IPv4 lookback interface address (this means Redis will be able to
# accept connections only from clients running into the same computer it
# is running).
#
# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES
# JUST COMMENT THE FOLLOWING LINE.
# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
bind 127.0.0.1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that
# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.
#
# When protected mode is on and if:
#
# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the
#    "bind" directive.
# 2) No password is configured.
#
# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the
# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain
# sockets.
#
# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if
# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis
# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces
# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.
protected-mode yes

http://www.cnblogs.com/liusxg/p/5712493.html

密码不正确的情况：

# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.20 testDb -p
Enter password:
ERROR 1045 (28000): Authentication Failed For RDS maybe username or password is incorrect

远程mysql服务器没有开启远程访问：

# mysql -uroot -h192.168.1.20 testDb -p
Enter password: 
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'192.168.1.20' (using password: YES)
解决办法：

update user set host="%" where user="root";
flush privileges;//刷新数据库
quit

此时用户root只能通过远程访问。在本地也必须要使用-h指定本机ip
如果想允许本机不使用-h参数，需要:
insert into mysql.user(Host,User,Password) values(‘localhost’,'roo’,password(‘root’));

或
insert into mysql.user(host,user,password) values select 'localhost',user,passoword from mysql.user where user='root' and host='%';//限定host是确定只有一条记录，不然会报错

ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '%-root' for key 'PRIMARY'

mysql> show create table mysql.user;
+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+-------+-----------------------------------------+
| user  | CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `Select_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Insert_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Update_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Delete_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Drop_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Reload_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Shutdown_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Process_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `File_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Grant_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `References_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Index_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Alter_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Show_db_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Super_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Lock_tables_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Execute_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Repl_slave_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Repl_client_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Show_view_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Alter_routine_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_user_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Event_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Trigger_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `Create_tablespace_priv` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  `ssl_type` enum('','ANY','X509','SPECIFIED') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL,
  `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL,
  `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '',
  `plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT 'mysql_native_password',
  `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin,
  `password_expired` enum('N','Y') CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT 'N',
  PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT='Users and global privileges' |

//刷新系统权限表
mysql>flush privileges;

用户没有对db操作权限的解决办法：

mysql> grant all on testDb.* to root@%;
ERROR  (): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '%' at line 

mysql> grant all privileges  on testDb.*  to root@'%';
Query OK,  rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> 

远程mysql客户端需要重启后，才能生效

更改mysql用户密码的操作：

use mysql;
select user,host,password from mysql.user;
    +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | user | host      | password                                  |
    +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
    | root | localhost | *CF1E6A25C954B638A451D6|
    | root | centos64  |                                           |
    | root | 127.0.0.1 |                                           |
    |      | localhost |                                           |
    |      | centos64  |                                           |
    +------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+
update mysql.user set password=PASSWORD("***********") where User='root';

来一组管理常用操作的流程：

用户管理
mysql>use mysql;
查看
mysql> select host,user,password from user ;
创建
mysql> create user  zx_root   IDENTIFIED by 'xxxxx';   //identified by 会将纯文本密码加密作为散列值存储
修改
mysql>rename   user  feng  to   newuser；//mysql 5之后可以使用，之前需要使用update 更新user表
删除
mysql>drop user newuser;   //mysql5之前删除用户时必须先使用revoke 删除用户权限，然后删除用户，mysql5之后drop 命令可以删除用户的同时删除用户的相关权限
更改密码
mysql> set password for zx_root =password('xxxxxx');
 mysql> update  mysql.user  set  password=password('xxxx')  where user='otheruser'
查看用户权限
mysql> show grants for zx_root;
赋予权限
mysql> grant select on dmc_db.*  to zx_root;
回收权限
mysql> revoke  select on dmc_db.*  from  zx_root;  //如果权限不存在会报错

上面的命令也可使用多个权限同时赋予和回收，权限之间使用逗号分隔

mysql> grant select，update，delete  ，insert  on dmc_db.*  to  zx_root;

如果想立即看到结果使用

flush  privileges ;

命令更新 

 

设置权限时必须给出一下信息

1，要授予的权限

2，被授予访问权限的数据库或表

3，用户名

grant和revoke可以在几个层次上控制访问权限

1，整个服务器，使用 grant ALL  和revoke  ALL

2，整个数据库，使用on  database.*

3，特点表，使用on  database.table

4，特定的列

5，特定的存储过程

 

user表中host列的值的意义

%              匹配所有主机

localhost    localhost不会被解析成IP地址，直接通过UNIXsocket连接

127.0.0.1      会通过TCP/IP协议连接，并且只能在本机访问；

::1                 ::1就是兼容支持ipv6的，表示同ipv4的127.0.0.1

 

 

grant 普通数据用户，查询、插入、更新、删除 数据库中所有表数据的权利。

grant select on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant insert on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant update on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

grant delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

或者，用一条 MySQL 命令来替代：

grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.* to common_user@’%’

9>.grant 数据库开发人员，创建表、索引、视图、存储过程、函数。。。等权限。

grant 创建、修改、删除 MySQL 数据表结构权限。

grant create on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant alter on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant drop on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 外键权限。

grant references on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 临时表权限。

grant create temporary tables on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 索引权限。

grant index on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 视图、查看视图源代码 权限。

grant create view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant show view on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

grant 操作 MySQL 存储过程、函数 权限。

grant create routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; -- now, can show procedure status

grant alter routine on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’; -- now, you can drop a procedure

grant execute on testdb.* to developer@’192.168.0.%’;

10>.grant 普通 DBA 管理某个 MySQL 数据库的权限。

grant all privileges on testdb to dba@’localhost’

其中，关键字 “privileges” 可以省略。

11>.grant 高级 DBA 管理 MySQL 中所有数据库的权限。

grant all on *.* to dba@’localhost’

12>.MySQL grant 权限，分别可以作用在多个层次上。

1. grant 作用在整个 MySQL 服务器上：

grant select on *.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 可以查询 MySQL 中所有数据库中的表。

grant all on *.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 可以管理 MySQL 中的所有数据库

2. grant 作用在单个数据库上：

grant select on testdb.* to dba@localhost; -- dba 可以查询 testdb 中的表。

3. grant 作用在单个数据表上：

grant select, insert, update, delete on testdb.orders to dba@localhost;

4. grant 作用在表中的列上：

grant select(id, se, rank) on testdb.apache_log to dba@localhost;

5. grant 作用在存储过程、函数上：

grant execute on procedure testdb.pr_add to ’dba’@’localhost’

grant execute on function testdb.fn_add to ’dba’@’localhost’

注意：修改完权限以后 一定要刷新服务，或者重启服务，刷新服务用：FLUSH PRIVILEGES。

 

 

权限表

权限	说明
all
alter
alter routine	使用alter procedure 和drop procedure
create
create routine	使用create  procedure

create temporary tables	使用create temporary table
create  user
create view
delete
drop
execute	使用call和存储过程

file	使用select into outfile  和load data infile
grant option	可以使用grant和revoke
index	可以使用create index 和drop index
insert
lock tables	锁表
process	使用show full processlist

reload	使用flush
replication client	服务器位置访问
replocation slave	由复制从属使用
select
show databases
show view

shutdown	使用mysqladmin shutdown 来关闭mysql
super
update
usage	无访问权限

 

http://www.cnblogs.com/fslnet/p/3143344.html