Linux环境下配置vscode的C/C++ 的make编译环境（编写makefile方式）

主要前提内容参照前文：

Linux环境下配置vscode的C/C++编译环境

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代码结构：

main.cpp 代码：

#include <iostream>
#include "swap.h"

int main()

{
    Swap myswap(10, 20);
    myswap.printInfo();
    myswap.run();
    myswap.printInfo();
    cout << "After swap" << endl;
    return 0;
}

swap.cpp 代码：

#include "swap.h"

void Swap::run(){
    int temp;
    temp = _a;
    _a = _b;
    _b = temp;
}
void Swap::printInfo()
{
    cout << "_a = " << _a << endl;
    cout << "_b = " << _b << endl;
}

swap.h 代码：

#pragma once
#include<iostream>
using  namespace std;
class Swap
{
    public:
        Swap(int a, int b){
            this->_a = a;
            this->_b = b;
        }
        void run();
        void printInfo();

        private:
            int _a;
            int _b;
};

======================================

配置文件：

.vscode/tasks.json

{
    "tasks": [
        {
            "type": "cppbuild",
            "label": "C/C++: g++-7 生成活动文件",
            "command": "/usr/bin/g++-7",
            "args": [
                "-fdiagnostics-color=always",
                "-g",
                "${workspaceFolder}/main.cpp",
                "${workspaceFolder}/src/swap.cpp",
                "-o",
                "${workspaceFolder}/mainX",
                "-I",
                "${workspaceFolder}/include"
            ],
            "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}"
            },
            "problemMatcher": [
                "$g++"
            ],
            "group": {
                "kind": "build",
                "isDefault": true
            },
            "detail": "调试器生成的任务。"
        },

        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "make",
            "command": "make",
           "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            },
            "detail": "make调试器生成的任务。"
        }

    ],
    "version": "2.0.0"
}

.vscode/launch.json

{
    // 使用 IntelliSense 了解相关属性。
    // 悬停以查看现有属性的描述。
    // 欲了解更多信息，请访问: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=830387
    "version": "0.2.0",
    "configurations": [
        {
            "name": "g++-7 - 生成和调试活动文件",
            "type": "cppdbg",
            "request": "launch",
            "program": "${workspaceFolder}/build/mainX",
            "args": [],
            "stopAtEntry": false,
            "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            "environment": [],
            "externalConsole": false,
            "MIMode": "gdb",
            "setupCommands": [
                {
                    "description": "为 gdb 启用整齐打印",
                    "text": "-enable-pretty-printing",
                    "ignoreFailures": true
                }
            ],
            "preLaunchTask": "make",
            "miDebuggerPath": "/usr/bin/gdb"
        }
    ]
}

Makefile 文件内容：

# C compiler options
CC = g++

# C compiler flags
CFLAGS = -g -O2 -ggdb3
#CFLAGS = -g -O2

CLEAN = clean

#
RELEASE = mainX
DEBUG    = mainX.debug
LIBS =
INC = include

# Make everything
#all:    $(RELEASE) $(DEBUG)
all:    $(RELEASE)  $(CLEAN)

# Make the application
$(RELEASE): main.o swap.o
    $(CC) -o build/$(RELEASE)  $(CFLAGS)  src/main.o  src/swap.o

main.o: main.cpp
    $(CC) -o src/main.o  $(CFLAGS)  -c  main.cpp  -I $(INC)

swap.o: src/swap.cpp
    $(CC) -o src/swap.o  $(CFLAGS)  -c src/swap.cpp  -I $(INC)

# Clean all object files...
clean:
    rm src/*.o
#    rm $(RELEASE)
#    rm $(DEBUG)

给出更简洁的Makefile :

CC = gcc  -I include
CXX = g++  -I include

CFLAGS = -g -O2 -ggdb3
#CFLAGS = -g -O2

CLEAN = clean
BUILD = build
SRC = $(shell find -name '*.cpp')
OBJECT = $(SRC:.cpp=.o) 

#
RELEASE = mainX
DEBUG    = mainX.debug
LIBS =
INC = -I include

# Make everything
all:    $(RELEASE)  $(CLEAN)

# Make the application
$(RELEASE): $(OBJECT)
    $(CXX) -o $@  $^  $(CFLAGS)
#    @echo $(CXX)
#    @echo $(SRC)
#    @echo $(OBJECT)
    @echo $@
    @echo $<
    @echo $^
    @echo $(@D)
    @echo $(<D)
    @echo $(^D)
    @echo $(@F)
    @echo $(<F)
    @echo $(^F)

$(OBJECT):

# Clean all object files...
.PHONY: clean
clean:
    rm $(OBJECT)
#    rm $(RELEASE)
#    rm $(DEBUG)

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主要关键点，配置tasks.json中的make任务：

核心部分：

        {
            "type": "shell",
            "label": "make",
            "command": "make",
           "options": {
                "cwd": "${workspaceFolder}",
            },
            "detail": "make调试器生成的任务。"
        }

其中最为关键的是 make 任务的 type要改为 shell  ，否则会报错。

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