MariaDB5.5（mysql）的partitioning设置 for Zabbix3.0

用zabbix的同学都知道，一台服务器监视几百几千台服务器，一个服务器几十个item，长年下来数据量是很惊人的。

而zabbix自带的housekeeping功能，默认状态下的删除速度完全跟不上数据增长的速度。

而一旦把删除量加大，CPU磁盘又开始报警了，严重的情况下，监视都会中断。

为了防止这种问题，我们采用了mariaDB（mysql）的partitioning功能。

partitioning功能的开启最好是在服务器搭建的初期就设计并配置好。

一旦服务器运行了一段时间，partitioning的配置做是也可以做，但是会比较麻烦。

众所周知，Zabbix里面数据量最大的表就是history和trends，

我们只针对这两张表做partitioning，其他的交给housekeeper就足够了。

*zabbix服务器为新装的服务器，除了表结构建立好了以外，没有任何数据。

登入mysql：

mysql zabbix

按顺序执行以下sql文

Alter table history_text drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_text_2, add index history_text_2 (itemid, id);

 Alter table history_log drop primary key, add index (id), drop index history_log_2, add index history_log_2 (itemid, id);

创建存储过程partition_create

DELIMITER $$
), TABLENAME ), PARTITIONNAME ), CLOCK int)
BEGIN
        DECLARE RETROWS INT;
        ) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_description >= CLOCK;

         THEN
                SELECT CONCAT( "partition_create(", SCHEMANAME, ",", TABLENAME, ",", PARTITIONNAME, ",", CLOCK, ")" ) AS msg;
                SET @sql = CONCAT( 'ALTER TABLE ', SCHEMANAME, '.', TABLENAME, ' ADD PARTITION (PARTITION ', PARTITIONNAME, ' VALUES LESS THAN (', CLOCK, '));' );
                PREPARE STMT FROM @sql;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

创建存储过程partition_drop

DELIMITER $$
), TABLENAME ), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE BIGINT)
BEGIN
        /*
           SCHEMANAME = The DB schema in which to make changes
           TABLENAME = The table with partitions to potentially delete
           DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE = Delete any partitions with names that are dates older than this one (yyyy-mm-dd)
        */
        DECLARE done INT DEFAULT FALSE;
        );

        /*
           Get a list of all the partitions that are older than the date
           in DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE.  All partitions are prefixed with
           a "p", so use SUBSTRING TO get rid of that character.
        */
        DECLARE myCursor CURSOR FOR
                SELECT partition_name
                FROM information_schema.partitions
                ) AS UNSIGNED) < DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE;
        DECLARE CONTINUE HANDLER FOR NOT FOUND SET done = TRUE;

        /*
           Create the basics for when we need to drop the partition.  Also, create
           @drop_partitions to hold a comma-delimited list of all partitions that
           should be deleted.
        */
        SET @alter_header = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " DROP PARTITION ");
        SET @drop_partitions = "";

        /*
           Start looping through all the partitions that are too old.
        */
        OPEN myCursor;
        read_loop: LOOP
                FETCH myCursor INTO drop_part_name;
                IF done THEN
                        LEAVE read_loop;
                END IF;
                SET @drop_partitions = IF(@drop_partitions = "", drop_part_name, CONCAT(@drop_partitions, ",", drop_part_name));
        END LOOP;
        IF @drop_partitions != "" THEN
                /*
                   1. Build the SQL to drop all the necessary partitions.
                   2. Run the SQL to drop the partitions.
                   3. Print out the table partitions that were deleted.
                */
                SET @full_sql = CONCAT(@alter_header, @drop_partitions, ";");
                PREPARE STMT FROM @full_sql;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;

                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, @drop_partitions AS `partitions_deleted`;
        ELSE
                /*
                   No partitions are being deleted, so print out "N/A" (Not applicable) to indicate
                   that no changes were made.
                */
                SELECT CONCAT(SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME) AS `table`, "N/A" AS `partitions_deleted`;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

创建存储过程partition_maintenance

DELIMITER $$
), TABLE_NAME ), KEEP_DATA_DAYS INT, HOURLY_INTERVAL INT, CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS INT)
BEGIN
        );
        );
        );
        DECLARE LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP INT;
        DECLARE CUR_TIME INT;

        CALL partition_verify(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, HOURLY_INTERVAL);
        SET CUR_TIME = UNIX_TIMESTAMP(DATE_FORMAT(NOW(), '%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00'));

        ;
        create_loop: LOOP
                IF @__interval > CREATE_NEXT_INTERVALS THEN
                        LEAVE create_loop;
                END IF;

                );
                ) , 'p%Y%m%d%H00');
                IF(PARTITION_NAME != OLD_PARTITION_NAME) THEN
            CALL partition_create(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, PARTITION_NAME, LESS_THAN_TIMESTAMP);
        END IF;
                ;
                SET OLD_PARTITION_NAME = PARTITION_NAME;
        END LOOP;

        SET OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE=DATE_FORMAT(DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL KEEP_DATA_DAYS DAY), '%Y%m%d0000');
        CALL partition_drop(SCHEMA_NAME, TABLE_NAME, OLDER_THAN_PARTITION_DATE);

END$$
DELIMITER ;

创建存储过程partition_verify

DELIMITER $$
), TABLENAME ), HOURLYINTERVAL ))
BEGIN
        );
        );
        DECLARE FUTURE_TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP;
        ) INTO RETROWS
        FROM information_schema.partitions
        WHERE table_schema = SCHEMANAME AND table_name = TABLENAME AND partition_name IS NULL;
         THEN
                SET FUTURE_TIMESTAMP = TIMESTAMPADD(HOUR, HOURLYINTERVAL, CONCAT(CURDATE(), " ", '00:00:00'));
                SET PARTITION_NAME = DATE_FORMAT(CURDATE(), 'p%Y%m%d%H00');

                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT("ALTER TABLE ", SCHEMANAME, ".", TABLENAME, " PARTITION BY RANGE(`clock`)");
                SET @__PARTITION_SQL = CONCAT(@__PARTITION_SQL, "(PARTITION ", PARTITION_NAME, " VALUES LESS THAN (", UNIX_TIMESTAMP(FUTURE_TIMESTAMP), "));");

                PREPARE STMT FROM @__PARTITION_SQL;
                EXECUTE STMT;
                DEALLOCATE PREPARE STMT;
        END IF;
END$$
DELIMITER ;

创建存储过程partition_maintenance_all

这里的格式是

CALL partition_maintenance('<zabbix_db_name>', '<table_name>', <days_to_keep_data>, <hourly_interval>, <num_future_intervals_to_create>)

后面3个参数分别为：数据保持的日数，时间间隔（一小时一个分区就是1，1天一个分区就是24，依此类推），预创建的分区数。

里面的数字请根据需要调整。

DELIMITER $$
))
BEGIN
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
                CALL partition_maintenance(SCHEMA_NAME, , , );
END$$
DELIMITER ;

然后执行

mysql> CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');

然后关闭zabbix页面上history和trends的housekeeping

最后，由于我们在本列中只创建了14个分区，到第15天数据就没地方写了，所以把以下脚本放到crontab里面，每天或者每周执行一下就可以了。

#!/bin/sh
mysql -u[username] -p[password] zabbix -e "CALL partition_maintenance_all('zabbix');"

另外，刚才我们创建的存储过程也可以单独使用

• partition_create - 创建一个表的分区
• partition_drop - 删除给出时间戳以前的分区
• partition_verify - 验证表是否开启了分区，如果没有，则创建一个单个的分区

用法分别为

partition_create(SCHEMANAME varchar(64), TABLENAME varchar(64), PARTITIONNAME varchar(64), CLOCK int)

partition_drop(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), DELETE_BELOW_PARTITION_DATE VARCHAR(64))

partition_verify(SCHEMANAME VARCHAR(64), TABLENAME VARCHAR(64), HOURLYINTERVAL INT(11))

参考文档：

Docs/howto/mysql partitionhttps://www.zabbix.org/wiki/Docs/howto/mysql_partition