requests---requests简介

　　在做接口测试的时候都会用到很多工具，如postman、jmeter、soupUI等工具，除了这些工具外，我们也可以用python的第3方库requests来做接口测试。

request简介

requests是python实现的简单易用的HTTP库，属于python的第3方库，通过pip进行安装使用。

requests中文文档：https://2.python-requests.org//zh_CN/latest/user/quickstart.html#

requests安装

1.打开cmd

2.通过pip进行安装

# 安装requests
pip install requests

requests发送get请求

源码：

def get(url, params=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a GET request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param params: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples or bytes to send
        in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    kwargs.setdefault('allow_redirects', True)
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)

1.首先导入requests模块

2.选择get方法请求地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/qican/

3.可以查看请求的返回内容

# coding:utf-8
# 导入模块
import requests
# 请求地址
url = 'https://www.cnblogs.com/qican/' 
r = requests.get(url) # 请求返回内容 text = r.text print(text)

4.请求携带参数params

5.请求地址：http://httpbin.org/get?

6.请求参数书写以字典形式编写如{ "name":  "requests" }

# coding:utf-8
# 导入requests模块
import requests
# 携带参数
params = {
   "name": "request",
    "name1":"python"
}
# 请求地址
url = 'http://httpbin.org/get?'
r = requests.get(url,params=params)
text = r.text
print(text)

代码结果：
{
  "args": {
    "name": "requests",
    "name1": "python"
  },
  "headers": {
    "Accept": "*/*",
    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate",
    "Host": "httpbin.org",
    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.21.0"
  },
  "origin": "116.247.112.151, 116.247.112.151",
  "url": "https://httpbin.org/get?name=requests&name1=python"
}

通过观察，可以发现最后的url地址已经被更改成了name=requests和name1=python

requests请求post

源码：

def post(url, data=None, json=None, **kwargs):
    r"""Sends a POST request.

    :param url: URL for the new :class:`Request` object.
    :param data: (optional) Dictionary, list of tuples, bytes, or file-like
        object to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param json: (optional) json data to send in the body of the :class:`Request`.
    :param \*\*kwargs: Optional arguments that ``request`` takes.
    :return: :class:`Response <Response>` object
    :rtype: requests.Response
    """

    return request('post', url, data=data, json=json, **kwargs)

1.导入requests模块

2.选择post方法请求：http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query

3.输入参数格式{”name“：”value“}

# coding:utf-8
import requests # 导入模块
url = 'http://apis.juhe.cn/simpleWeather/query'      # 请求地址
# 请求参数
data = {
    "city":"上海",
    "key":"331eab8f3481f37868378fcdc76cb7cd"
}
r = requests.post(data=data,url=url)
print(r.text)

返回值其他内容

r.text # 返回全部内容
r.url  # 返回的url地址
r.content  # 返回解码后的内容
r.cookies  # 返回cookies
r.headers   # 返回携带的请求头
r.status_code  # 返回状态码
r.json() # 返回json格式