(转）C# SSL-X509使用

　　X.509 给出的鉴别框架是一种基于公开密钥体制的鉴别业务密钥管理。一个用户有两把密钥：一把是用户的专用密钥(简称为：私钥)，另一把是其他用户都可得到和利用的公共密钥(简称为：公钥)。该鉴别框架允许用户将其公开密钥存放在CA的目录项中。一个用户如果想与另一个用户交换秘密信息，就可以直接从对方的目录项中获得相应的公开密钥，用于各种安全服务。

Windows环境下，有三种方法：通过CA获取证书；通过微软提供的makecert 工具得到测试证书；编程的方法创建，.Net提供了X509Certificate2 类，该类可以用于创建证书，但只能从RawData中创建，创建后无法修改除FriendlyName以外的任何属性。

　　本文介绍第二种方法：

　　1）先进入到vs20**的命令行状态，即:开始-->程序-->Microsoft Visual Studio 20**-->Visual Studio Tools-->Visual Studio 20** 命令提示

2）键入:makecert -r -pe -n "CN=MyServer" -ss My -sky exchange

　　　　上面一行的意思就是制作一个CN=MyServer的服务器证书，默认存储在CurrentUser"My这个位置，同时这个证书标识为可导出。

　　　　　　(详细的MakeCert参数可参见http://msdn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/bfsktky3(vs.80).aspx)

　　3）再输入:makecert -r -pe -n "CN=MyClient" -ss My -sky exchange 生成客户端证书

　　4）查看：可以在IE里查看到,IE-->工具-->Internet选项-->内容-->证书

5）开始-->运行-->MMC : 添加/删除管理单元

　　　　

6）添加“证书” ，“我的用户账户”

　　　　

7）将“个人”下的对应证书复制到“受信任的根证书颁发机构”下证书目录，证书就可以使用了

　　　　

本文参考：http://www.cnblogs.com/whtydn/archive/2009/12/23/1630750.html

　　　　　　　　http://blog.csdn.net/wyxhd2008/article/details/7962539

下面是whtydn的代码（http://www.cnblogs.com/whtydn/archive/2009/12/23/1630750.html）

using System;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
using System.IdentityModel.Tokens;
using System.IdentityModel.Selectors;

namespace ConsoleApp
{
    public class Program
    {
        static X509Certificate serverCertificate = null;

public static void RunServer()
        {
            //serverCertificate = X509Certificate.CreateFromSignedFile(@"C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\SDK\v2.0\samool.pvk");
            TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Parse("192.168.20.139"), 901);
            listener.Start();
            while (true)
            {
                try
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Waiting for a client to connect...");
                    TcpClient client = listener.AcceptTcpClient();
                    ProcessClient(client);
                }
                catch
                {
 
                }
            }
        }

static void ProcessClient(TcpClient client)
        {
            SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false);
            try
            {
                sslStream.AuthenticateAsServer(serverCertificate, false, SslProtocols.Tls, true);
                DisplaySecurityLevel(sslStream);
                DisplaySecurityServices(sslStream);
                DisplayCertificateInformation(sslStream);
                DisplayStreamProperties(sslStream);

sslStream.ReadTimeout = 5000;
                sslStream.WriteTimeout = 5000;
                Console.WriteLine("Waiting for client message...");
                string messageData = ReadMessage(sslStream);
                Console.WriteLine("Received: {0}", messageData);
                byte[] message = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the server.");
                Console.WriteLine("Sending hello message.");
                sslStream.Write(message);
            }
            catch (AuthenticationException e)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);
                if (e.InnerException != null)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);
                }
                Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");
                sslStream.Close();
                client.Close();
                return;
            }
            finally
            {
                sslStream.Close();
                client.Close();
            }
        }

static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
        {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
            StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();
            int bytes = -1;
            do
            {
                bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);
                Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
                char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];
                decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);
                messageData.Append(chars);
                if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("") != -1)
                {
                    break;
                }
            }
            while (bytes != 0);

return messageData.ToString();
        }

static void DisplaySecurityLevel(SslStream stream)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Cipher: {0} strength {1}", stream.CipherAlgorithm, stream.CipherStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Hash: {0} strength {1}", stream.HashAlgorithm, stream.HashStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Key exchange: {0} strength {1}", stream.KeyExchangeAlgorithm, stream.KeyExchangeStrength);
            Console.WriteLine("Protocol: {0}", stream.SslProtocol);
        }

static void DisplaySecurityServices(SslStream stream)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Is authenticated: {0} as server? {1}", stream.IsAuthenticated, stream.IsServer);
            Console.WriteLine("IsSigned: {0}", stream.IsSigned);
            Console.WriteLine("Is Encrypted: {0}", stream.IsEncrypted);
        }

static void DisplayStreamProperties(SslStream stream)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Can read: {0}, write {1}", stream.CanRead, stream.CanWrite);
            Console.WriteLine("Can timeout: {0}", stream.CanTimeout);
        }

static void DisplayCertificateInformation(SslStream stream)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Certificate revocation list checked: {0}", stream.CheckCertRevocationStatus);

X509Certificate localCertificate = stream.LocalCertificate;
            if (stream.LocalCertificate != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Local cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",
                localCertificate.Subject,
                    localCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),
                    localCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Local certificate is null.");
            }
            X509Certificate remoteCertificate = stream.RemoteCertificate;
            if (stream.RemoteCertificate != null)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Remote cert was issued to {0} and is valid from {1} until {2}.",
                    remoteCertificate.Subject,
                    remoteCertificate.GetEffectiveDateString(),
                    remoteCertificate.GetExpirationDateString());
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Remote certificate is null.");
            }
        }

private static void DisplayUsage()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("To start the server specify:");
            Console.WriteLine("serverSync certificateFile.cer");
            //Environment.Exit(1);
        }

public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //string certificate = null;
            //if (args == null || args.Length < 1)
            //{
            //    DisplayUsage();
            //}
            //certificate = args[0];
            try
            {
                X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My);
                store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);

// 检索证书
                X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "MyServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。
                if (certs.Count == 0) return;

serverCertificate = certs[0];
                RunServer();
                store.Close(); // 关闭存储区。
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            }
            Console.ReadLine();
            //return 0;

//try
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine("服务端输出：" + ServiceSecurityContext.Current.PrimaryIdentity.AuthenticationType);
            //    Console.WriteLine(ServiceSecurityContext.Current.PrimaryIdentity.Name);
            //    Console.WriteLine("服务端时间：" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
            //}
            //catch (Exception ex)
            //{
            //    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
            //}
            //Console.ReadLine();

}
    }
}

using System;
using System.Security;
using System.Net;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Net.Security;
using System.Text;
using System.Security.Authentication;
using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;

namespace ConsoleAppClient
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections;
    using System.Net;
    using System.Net.Security;
    using System.Net.Sockets;
    using System.Security.Authentication;
    using System.Text;
    using System.Security.Cryptography.X509Certificates;
    using System.IO;

namespace Examples.System.Net
    {
        public class SslTcpClient
        {
            private static Hashtable certificateErrors = new Hashtable();
            // The following method is invoked by the RemoteCertificateValidationDelegate.
            public static bool ValidateServerCertificate(
                  object sender,
                  X509Certificate certificate,
                  X509Chain chain,
                  SslPolicyErrors sslPolicyErrors)
            {
                if (sslPolicyErrors == SslPolicyErrors.None)
                    return true;

Console.WriteLine("Certificate error: {0}", sslPolicyErrors);

// Do not allow this client to communicate with unauthenticated servers.
                return false;
            }

public static void RunClient(string machineName)
            {
                // Create a TCP/IP client socket.
                // machineName is the host running the server application.
                TcpClient client = new TcpClient(machineName, 901);
                Console.WriteLine("Client connected.");
                // Create an SSL stream that will close the client's stream.
                SslStream sslStream = new SslStream(client.GetStream(), false, new RemoteCertificateValidationCallback(ValidateServerCertificate), null);
                // The server name must match the name on the server certificate.

//X509Store store = new X509Store(StoreName.My);
                //store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadWrite);

//// 检索证书
                //X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "MyServer", false); // vaildOnly = true时搜索无结果。

X509CertificateCollection certs = new X509CertificateCollection();
                X509Certificate cert = X509Certificate.CreateFromCertFile(@"D:\cashcer.cer");
                certs.Add(cert);
                try
                {
                    sslStream.AuthenticateAsClient("MyServer", certs, SslProtocols.Tls, false);
                }
                catch (AuthenticationException e)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", e.Message);
                    if (e.InnerException != null)
                    {
                        Console.WriteLine("Inner exception: {0}", e.InnerException.Message);
                    }
                    Console.WriteLine("Authentication failed - closing the connection.");
                    client.Close();
                    return;
                }
                // Encode a test message into a byte array.
                // Signal the end of the message using the "<EOF>".
                byte[] messsage = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("Hello from the client.<EOF>");
                // Send hello message to the server.
                sslStream.Write(messsage);
                sslStream.Flush();
                // Read message from the server.
                string serverMessage = ReadMessage(sslStream);
                Console.WriteLine("Server says: {0}", serverMessage);
                // Close the client connection.
                client.Close();
                Console.WriteLine("Client closed.");
            }

static string ReadMessage(SslStream sslStream)
            {
                // Read the  message sent by the server.
                // The end of the message is signaled using the
                // "<EOF>" marker.
                byte[] buffer = new byte[2048];
                StringBuilder messageData = new StringBuilder();
                int bytes = -1;
                do
                {
                    bytes = sslStream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

// Use Decoder class to convert from bytes to UTF8
                    // in case a character spans two buffers.
                    Decoder decoder = Encoding.UTF8.GetDecoder();
                    char[] chars = new char[decoder.GetCharCount(buffer, 0, bytes)];
                    decoder.GetChars(buffer, 0, bytes, chars, 0);
                    messageData.Append(chars);
                    // Check for EOF.
                    if (messageData.ToString().IndexOf("<EOF>") != -1)
                    {
                        break;
                    }
                } while (bytes != 0);

return messageData.ToString();
            }

private static void DisplayUsage()
            {
                Console.WriteLine("To start the client specify:");
                Console.WriteLine("clientSync machineName [serverName]");
                Environment.Exit(1);
            }

public static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                string machineName = null;
                machineName = "192.168.20.139";

try
                {                  
                    RunClient(machineName);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
                }
                Console.ReadLine();
            }
        }
    }
}

ValidateServerCertificate 是向服务器验证证书的方法，如果上面返回的SslPolicyErrors枚举值不是None你就应该检查你的证书是否正确， 是否添加到信任里面。

其它参考文章：http://www.cnblogs.com/chnking/archive/2007/08/18/860983.html

http://www.cnblogs.com/sleepingwit/archive/2008/10/30/1323334.html