USACO 4.1 Beef McNuggets

Beef McNuggets
Hubert Chen

Farmer Brown's cows are up in arms, having heard that McDonalds is considering the introduction of a new product: Beef McNuggets. The cows are trying to find any possible way to put such a product in a negative light.

One strategy the cows are pursuing is that of `inferior packaging'. ``Look,'' say the cows, ``if you have Beef McNuggets in boxes of 3, 6, and 10, you can not satisfy a customer who wants 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 14, or 17 McNuggets. Bad packaging: bad product.''

Help the cows. Given N (the number of packaging options, 1 <= N <= 10), and a set of N positive integers (1 <= i <= 256) that represent the number of nuggets in the various packages, output the largest number of nuggets that can not be purchased by buying nuggets in the given sizes. Print 0 if all possible purchases can be made or if there is no bound to the largest number.

The largest impossible number (if it exists) will be no larger than 2,000,000,000.

PROGRAM NAME: nuggets

INPUT FORMAT

Line 1:	N, the number of packaging options
Line 2..N+1:	The number of nuggets in one kind of box

SAMPLE INPUT (file nuggets.in)

3
3
6
10

OUTPUT FORMAT

The output file should contain a single line containing a single integer that represents the largest number of nuggets that can not be represented or 0 if all possible purchases can be made or if there is no bound to the largest number.

SAMPLE OUTPUT (file nuggets.out)

17

————————————————————————————
这道题要想到一点就是ax+by=gcd（a,b）

Print 0 if all possible purchases can be made or if there is no bound to the largest number.

The largest impossible number (if it exists) will be no larger than 2,000,000,000.

这句话，输出0如果所有的方案都可以满足或者不存在最大数的上限，最大的可能数如果存在不超过2,000,000,000。

请记住红字，并且不要被范围吓到，因为范围要自己推出来

首先的首先，我们发现如果所有数的gcd不等于1，那么肯定有的数无法得到，所以此时是0。

然后开始讨论gcd是1时的范围

ax+by=1;|by|-|ax|=1;那么我们得到一个|ax|和一个|by|，他们差值1，得到长度为2的一个可取数范围，我们用他们自身再次累加，会发现得到长度为3的可取数范围

当这个范围==最小的包装内牛块，我们就发现后面的数都可以得到了

然后这个范围最大也就是256*256，不是20亿啦……【谁会一次性买20亿牛块啊喂……】

所以复杂度是O（256*256*10）然后直接dp就好了

 /*
 ID: ivorysi
 PROG: nuggets
 LANG: C++
 */
 #include <iostream>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <queue>
 #include <set>
 #include <vector>
 #include <string.h>
 #define siji(i,x,y) for(int i=(x);i<=(y);++i)
 #define gongzi(j,x,y) for(int j=(x);j>=(y);--j)
 #define xiaosiji(i,x,y) for(int i=(x);i<(y);++i)
 #define sigongzi(j,x,y) for(int j=(x);j>(y);--j)
 #define inf 0x3f3f3f3f
 #define MAXN 400005
 #define ivorysi
 #define mo 97797977
 #define ha 974711
 #define ba 47
 #define fi first
 #define se second
 #define pii pair<int,int>
 using namespace std;
 typedef long long ll;
 int num[],s,dp[];
 int n,now,ans;
 int gcd(int a,int b) {return b== ? a : gcd(b,a%b);}
 void solve(){
     scanf("%d",&n);
     siji(i,,n) {
         scanf("%d",&num[i]);
         if(s==) s=num[i];
         else s=gcd(s,num[i]);
     }
     if(s!=) {
         puts("");exit();
     }
     sort(num+,num+n+);
     dp[]=;
     for(int i=;i<=;++i) {
         siji(j,,n) {
             if(i-num[j]>=) {
                 dp[i]=max(dp[i],dp[i-num[j]]);
             }
             else break;
         }
         if(dp[i]==) ans=i;
     }
     printf("%d\n",ans);

 }
 int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
 {
 #ifdef ivorysi
     freopen("nuggets.in","r",stdin);
     freopen("nuggets.out","w",stdout);
 #else
     freopen("f1.in","r",stdin);
 #endif
     solve();
 }