目录

方式一

思路：以 QCOW2 格式来备份和恢复被保护的 KVM 虚拟机

  • Step1：centos7_0(base qcow2) 以 qcow2 格式写入到 iSCSI 设备
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# virsh domblklist centos7

Target     Source

------------------------------------------------

vda        /vms/images/centos7_0

hda        /vms/isos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img convert -f qcow2 /vms/images/centos7_0 -O qcow2 /dev/sdd

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 0

cluster_size: 262144

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false
  • Step2：尝试使用 iSCSI 设备手动启动 KVM 虚拟机
# 创建 XML 文件

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# vim centos7_q_0.xml

<domain type='kvm'>

  <name>centos7_q_0</name>

  <uuid>d668e699-22a4-464b-99c4-1ffdcd6ad4e1</uuid>

  <osha>0</osha>

  <timesync>0</timesync>

  <automem>0</automem>

  <memory unit='KiB'>4194304</memory>

  <currentMemory unit='KiB'>4194304</currentMemory>

  <memorySlots>10</memorySlots>

  <maxMemory unit='KiB'>34359738368</maxMemory>

  <blkiotune>

    <weight>300</weight>

  </blkiotune>

  <memtune>

    <priority>1</priority>

  </memtune>

  <memoryBacking>

    <locked>0</locked>

  </memoryBacking>

  <vcpu placement='static' current='2'>24</vcpu>

  <cputune>

    <shares>512</shares>

    <period>1000000</period>

    <quota>-1</quota>

  </cputune>

  <os>

    <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-2.1'>hvm</type>

    <system>linux</system>

    <boot dev='hd'/>

    <boot dev='cdrom'/>

  </os>

  <features>

    <acpi/>

    <apic/>

    <pae/>

  </features>

  <cpu>

    <topology sockets='24' cores='1' threads='1'/>

    <numa>

      <cell cpus='0-1' memory='4194304'/>

    </numa>

    <gurantee unit='MHz'>0</gurantee>

  </cpu>

  <clock offset='utc'/>

  <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff>

  <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot>

  <on_crash>restart</on_crash>

  <pm>

    <suspend-to-mem enabled='no'/>

    <suspend-to-disk enabled='no'/>

  </pm>

  <tools upgrade='auto'/>

  <devices>

    <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator>

    <disk type='file' device='disk'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2' cache='directsync' io='native'/>

      <source file='/dev/sdd'/>

      <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x08' function='0x0'/>

    </disk>

    <disk type='file' device='cdrom'>

      <driver name='qemu' type='raw' cache='none'/>

      <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/>

      <readonly/>

      <address type='drive' controller='0' bus='1' target='0' unit='0'/>

    </disk>

    <controller type='usb' index='0'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x2'/>

    </controller>

    <controller type='pci' index='0' model='pci-root'/>

    <controller type='ide' index='0'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x01' function='0x1'/>

    </controller>

    <controller type='virtio-serial' index='0'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>

    </controller>

    <serial type='pty'>

      <target port='0'/>

    </serial>

    <console type='pty'>

      <target type='serial' port='0'/>

    </console>

    <channel type='unix'>

      <source mode='bind' path='/var/lib/libvirt/qemu/centos7.agent'/>

      <target type='virtio' name='org.qemu.guest_agent.0'/>

      <address type='virtio-serial' controller='0' bus='0' port='1'/>

    </channel>

    <input type='tablet' bus='usb'/>

    <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/>

    <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes' listen='0.0.0.0'>

      <listen type='address' address='0.0.0.0'/>

    </graphics>

    <video>

      <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x02' function='0x0'/>

    </video>

    <memballoon model='virtio'>

      <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x09' function='0x0'/>

    </memballoon>

  </devices>

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh define centos7_q_0.xml

Domain centos7_q_0 defined from centos7_q_0.xml

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh start centos7_q_0

Domain centos7_q_0 started

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

 34    centos7_q_0                    running
  • Step3：对 centos7_0 做快照得到增量快照数据 centos7_1(increment qcow2)
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain centos7 snap01 snap01-desc --disk-only --diskspec vda,snapshot=external,file=/vms/images/centos7_1 --atomic

Domain snapshot snap01 created

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# l

centos7_0  centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 772K

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /vms/images/centos7_0

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# virsh domblklist centos7

Target     Source

------------------------------------------------

vda        /vms/images/centos7_1

hda        /vms/isos/CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1511.iso

NOTE: 现在虚拟机的数据会写入到 centos7_1 中, centos7_0 理论上应该是只读的.

  • Step4：Copy centos7_1 的副本到备份目录下
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# cp centos7_1 /kvm_backup/

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# ll /kvm_backup/

total 2572

drwxr-xr-x  2 root root    4096 Apr 18 23:39 ./

drwxr-xr-x 33 root root    4096 Apr 18 23:22 ../

-rw-------  1 root root 2883584 Apr 18 23:39 centos7_1
  • Step5：rebase 并 commit centos7_1 到 iSCSI 设备中
root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh destroy 34

Domain 34 destroyed

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# cd /kvm_backup/

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# ls

centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 2.5M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /vms/images/centos7_0

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 0

cluster_size: 262144

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img rebase -b /dev/sdd -F qcow2 centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 15M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /dev/sdd

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 0

cluster_size: 262144

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img commit -f qcow2 centos7_1

Image committed.

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 15M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /dev/sdd

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 0

cluster_size: 262144

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false
  • Step6：使用 commit 后的 iSCSI 设备启动虚拟机
root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh start centos7_q_0

Domain centos7_q_0 started

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 33    centos7                        running

 35    centos7_q_0                    running

NOTE: 虚拟机启动成功, 证明 QCOW2 格式的虚拟机增量快照文件是能够合并到虚拟机 Base 数据文件中的。

方式二

思路：以 RAW 格式来备份和恢复被保护的 KVM 虚拟机

  • Step1：centos7(base qcow2) 以 raw 格式写入到 iSCSI 设备
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img info centos7

image: centos7

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 1.0G

cluster_size: 262144

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img convert -f qcow2 /vms/images/centos7 -O raw /dev/sdd

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: raw

virtual size: 23G (24696061952 bytes)

disk size: 0
  • Step2：使用 iSCSI 设备手动启动 KVM 虚拟机
root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh define centos7_r_0.xml

Domain centos7_r_0 defined from centos7_r_0.xml

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 36    centos7                        running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

 -     centos7_r_0                    shut off

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh start centos7_r_0

Domain centos7_r_0 started

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 36    centos7                        running

 37    centos7_r_0                    running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off
  • Step3：对 centos7 做快照得到增量快照数据 centos7_1(increment qcow2)
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# virsh snapshot-create-as --domain centos7 snap01 snap01-desc --disk-only --diskspec vda,snapshot=external,file=/vms/images/centos7_1 --atomic

Domain snapshot snap01 created

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# ls

centos7  centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 2.0M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /vms/images/centos7

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false
  • Step4： Copy centos7_1 的副本到备份目录下
root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# cp centos7_1 /kvm_backup/

root@h3cas-e306:/vms/images# cd /kvm_backup/

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# ls

centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup#  qemu-img info  /kvm_backup/centos7_1

image: /kvm_backup/centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 2.5M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /vms/images/centos7

backing file format: qcow2

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: raw

virtual size: 23G (24696061952 bytes)

disk size: 0
  • Step5：以 raw 的格式 rebase 并 commit centos7_1 到 iSCSI 设备中
root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img rebase -b /dev/sdd -F raw centos7_1

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info centos7_1

image: centos7_1

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 20G (21474836480 bytes)

disk size: 25M

cluster_size: 262144

backing file: /dev/sdd

backing file format: raw

Format specific information:

    compat: 1.1

    lazy refcounts: false

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: raw

virtual size: 23G (24696061952 bytes)

disk size: 0

root@h3cas-e306:/kvm_backup# qemu-img commit -f qcow2 centos7_1

Image committed.

root@h3cas-e306:~# qemu-img info /dev/sdd

image: /dev/sdd

file format: raw

virtual size: 23G (24696061952 bytes)

disk size: 0
  • Step6： 使用 commit 后的 iSCSI 设备再次启动虚拟机
root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 38    centos7                        running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

 -     centos7_r_0                    shut off

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh start centos7_r_0

Domain centos7_r_0 started

root@h3cas-e306:/etc/libvirt/qemu# virsh list --all

 Id    Name                           State

----------------------------------------------------

 38    centos7                        running

 39    centos7_r_0                    running

 -     centos7_q_0                    shut off

NOTE：尚未测试虚拟机在备份和恢复的过程中虚拟机的应用业务是否被中断。

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