[游戏模版12] Win32 稳定定时

>_<:The last time,we learned how to use timer to make the picture run and change show,but sometimes the time may have a little change,for example when you move the window or do other things the frequency may be effected.And now we will talk about how to get a stable timer.

>_<:Actually it's not difficult,only need to calculate the difference between successive two times painting.If find the difference bigger than a seted time value,do a new painting.

 while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
 {
     if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,,,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
     {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
         TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
         DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；

     }
     else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
     {
         tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
         if(tNow-tPre>=)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
     }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
 }                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢

>_<:code

 // stdafx.h : include file for standard system include files,
 //  or project specific include files that are used frequently, but
 //      are changed infrequently
 //

 #if !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)
 #define AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_

 #if _MSC_VER > 1000
 #pragma once
 #endif // _MSC_VER > 1000

 #define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN        // Exclude rarely-used stuff from Windows headers

 // Windows Header Files:
 #include <windows.h>

 // C RunTime Header Files
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <malloc.h>
 #include <memory.h>
 #include <tchar.h>

 // Local Header Files

 // TODO: reference additional headers your program requires here

 //{{AFX_INSERT_LOCATION}}
 // Microsoft Visual C++ will insert additional declarations immediately before the previous line.

 #endif // !defined(AFX_STDAFX_H__A9DB83DB_A9FD_11D0_BFD1_444553540000__INCLUDED_)

StdAfx.h

 //{{NO_DEPENDENCIES}}
 // Microsoft Visual C++ generated include file.
 // Used by FE.RC
 //
 #define IDR_MAINFRAME                    128
 #define IDD_FE_DIALOG        102
 #define IDD_ABOUTBOX                    103
 #define IDS_APP_TITLE                    103
 #define IDM_ABOUT                        104
 #define IDM_EXIT                        105
 #define IDS_HELLO                        106
 #define IDI_FE                107
 #define IDI_SMALL                        108
 #define IDC_FE                109
 #define IDC_MYICON                        2
 #define IDC_STATIC                        -1
 // Next default values for new objects
 //
 #ifdef APSTUDIO_INVOKED
 #ifndef APSTUDIO_READONLY_SYMBOLS

 #define _APS_NEXT_RESOURCE_VALUE        129
 #define _APS_NEXT_COMMAND_VALUE         32771
 #define _APS_NEXT_CONTROL_VALUE         1000
 #define _APS_NEXT_SYMED_VALUE           110
 #endif
 #endif

resourse.h

 #include "stdafx.h"
 #include "resourse.h"
 #include "stdio.h"
 #include "time.h"

 #define MAX_LOADSTRING 100

 // Global Variables:
 HINSTANCE hInst;                                // current instance
 TCHAR szTitle[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
 TCHAR szWindowClass[MAX_LOADSTRING];                                // The title bar text
 HBITMAP girl[];
 HDC mdc,hdc;
 HWND hWnd;
 DWORD tPre,tNow,tCheck;//tPre记录上一次绘图的时间,tNow记录此次绘图的时间，tCheck记录每秒开始的时间
 int num,frame,fps;//num用来记录图号，frame累加每次画面更新的次数，fps记录每秒画面更新的次数

 // Foward declarations of functions included in this code module:
 ATOM                MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance);
 BOOL                InitInstance(HINSTANCE, int);
 LRESULT CALLBACK    WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
 LRESULT CALLBACK    About(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
 void                MyPaint(HDC hdc);
 //========================================================================================
 int APIENTRY WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance,
                      HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
                      LPSTR     lpCmdLine,
                      int       nCmdShow)
 {
      // TODO: Place code here.
     MSG msg;

     MyRegisterClass(hInstance);//调用函数向系统注册窗口类别，输入参数hInstance是目前运行程序的对象代码；

     // 调用InitInstance函数，进行初始化操作；
     if (!InitInstance (hInstance, nCmdShow))
     {
         return FALSE;
     }

     // 消息循环（通过消息循环来获取信息，
     //进行必要的键盘信息转换而后将控制权交给操作系统，
     //有操作系统决定哪个程序的消息处理函数处理消息
     while (msg.message!=WM_QUIT) //不是窗口结束消息WM_QUIT,则继续循环
     {
         if(PeekMessage(&msg,NULL,,,PM_REMOVE))//PeekMessage()函数来检测目前是否有消息处理(检测到0，否则1)
         {                                       //------------|不能用GetMassage()换，因为它只有取得WM_QUIT时才返回0，其他返回非0，错误返回-1
             TranslateMessage(&msg);//转换伪码及字符
             DispatchMessage(&msg);//将控制权交给系统，再有系统决定负责处理消息的程序；

         }
         else//当此次循环运行与上次绘图时间相差0.1秒时再进行重绘操作
         {
             tNow=GetTickCount();//取得从开始到现在运行的时间百万分之一秒
             if(tNow-tPre>=)MyPaint(hdc);    //tPre前次绘图的时间；计算上次绘图到这次循环之间的时间
         }                                   //------------|若相差100个单位进行一次绘图操作，通过这
     }                                       //------------|个操作可以调整运行快慢

     return msg.wParam;
 }
 //=====================================================================================

 //=============================================================================================
 //在建立程序窗口实体之前，必须先定义一个窗口类别，其中包含所要建立窗口的信息，
 //并向系统注册，这里的MyRegisterClass函数就是进行定义及注册窗口类别的函数。
 //==============================================================================================
 ATOM MyRegisterClass(HINSTANCE hInstance)
 {
     WNDCLASSEX wcex;            //申请一个窗口类别“WNDCLASSEX”和结构”wcex“
                                 //--------------------------------------------------------------
                                 //定义vcex结构的各项信息，其中设定信息处理函数（lpfnWndProc）
                                 //为WNDPROC，类别名称为（lpszClassName）为”fe";
                                 //--------------------------------------------------------------
     wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);

     wcex.style            = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
     wcex.lpfnWndProc    = (WNDPROC)WndProc;
     wcex.cbClsExtra        = ;
     wcex.cbWndExtra        = ;
     wcex.hInstance        = hInstance;
     wcex.hIcon            = NULL;
     wcex.hCursor        = NULL;
     wcex.hCursor        = LoadCursor(NULL,IDC_ARROW);
     wcex.hbrBackground    = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW+);
     wcex.lpszMenuName    = NULL;
     wcex.lpszClassName    = "fe";
     wcex.hIconSm        = NULL;

     return RegisterClassEx(&wcex);//调用RegisterClassEx函数注册类别，返回一个“ATOM"形态的字符串
                                   //此字符串即为类别名称”fe";
 }
 //============================================================================================

 //============================================================================================
 //按照前面所定义的窗口类别来建立并显示实际的程序窗口
 //============================================================================================
 BOOL InitInstance(HINSTANCE hInstance, int nCmdShow)
 {
    HWND hWnd;
    char filename[]="";
    int i;
    hInst = hInstance; // 把instance handle 储存在全局变量中；

    hWnd = CreateWindow("fe","绘图窗口",WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
       CW_USEDEFAULT, , CW_USEDEFAULT, , NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);
                       //-----------------------------------------------
                       //调用CreateWindow函数来建立一个窗口对象
                       //第一个参数就是窗口建立依据的类别名称
                       //-----------------------------------------------
    if (!hWnd)
    {
       return FALSE;
    }
    //------------------------------------------------
    //设定窗口的位置及窗口的大小，然后绘制显示在设备上
    //-------------------------------------------------
    MoveWindow(hWnd,,,,,true);//位置及大小
    ShowWindow(hWnd, nCmdShow);//改定窗口显示时的状态
    UpdateWindow(hWnd);//将窗口绘制在显示设备上

    hdc=GetDC(hWnd);
    mdc=CreateCompatibleDC(hdc);

    for(i=;i<;i++)
    {
        sprintf(filename,"map%d.bmp",i);
        girl[i]=(HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL,filename,IMAGE_BITMAP,,,LR_LOADFROMFILE);
    }

    num=;
    SetTimer(hWnd,,,NULL);
    srand((unsigned)time(NULL));

    MyPaint(hdc);

    return TRUE;
 }
 //============================================================================================

 //============================================================================================
 //计算与显示每秒画面更新次数
 //按照图号顺序进行窗口贴图
 //============================================================================================
 void MyPaint(HDC hdc)
 {
     char str[]="";

     frame++;//每次调用这个函数将更新次数加1
     if(tNow-tCheck>=)//判断此次绘图时间由前一秒算起是否已经达到1秒钟的时间间隔
     {
         fps=frame;//若是，将目前的frame付值给fps(这段时间内更新次数）
         frame=;//归零
         tCheck=tNow;//并重设下一次起始时间
     }
     sprintf(str,"%d ",fps);
     TextOut(mdc,,,str,strlen(str));
     for(int j=;j<;j++)
     {
         SelectObject(mdc,girl[ rand()%]);
         BitBlt(hdc,*(j%),j/*,,,mdc,,,SRCCOPY);
     }

     tPre=GetTickCount();//记录此次绘图的时间
 }
 //============================================================================================

 //============================================================================================
 //在前面定义类别的时候把WndProc定义为消息处理函数（当某些外部消息发生时，会按消息的类型
 //来决定该如何进行处理。此外该函数也是一个回叫函数（CALLBACK)（windows系统函数）每一个
 //程序都会接收信息，选择性接受、处理；
 //============================================================================================
 LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
 {
     int i;

     switch (message)                   //判断消息类型,不是WM_QUIT，则循环结束，否则则进行循环
     {
         case WM_TIMER:                //时间消息
             MyPaint(hdc);
             break;
         case WM_DESTROY:              //处理窗口结束消息
             DeleteDC(mdc);
             ReleaseDC(hWnd,hdc);
             for(i=;i<;i++)
                 DeleteObject(girl[i]);
             KillTimer(hWnd,);
             PostQuitMessage();
             break;
         default:
             return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return ;
 }
 //============================================================================================

main.cpp