C 给定路径遍历目录下的所有文件

在此之前需要了解 WIN32_FIND_DATA的结构 以及  FindFirstFile、 FindNextFile原型以及用法注意事项传送门如下

https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365740(v=vs.85).aspx

涉及的宏定义

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FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE 32 (0x20)	A file or directory that is an archive file or directory. Applications typically use this attribute to markfiles for backup or removal.存档类
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED 2048 (0x800)	A file or directory that is compressed. For a file, all of the data in the file is compressed. For a directory, compression is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE 64 (0x40)	This value is reserved for system use.驱动类
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY 16 (0x10)	The handle that identifies a directory.目录类
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED 16384 (0x4000)	A file or directory that is encrypted. For a file, all data streams in the file are encrypted. For a directory, encryption is the default for newly created files and subdirectories.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN 2 (0x2)	The file or directory is hidden. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing.隐藏
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM 32768 (0x8000)	The directory or user data stream is configured with integrity (only supported on ReFS volumes). It is not included in an ordinary directory listing. The integrity setting persists with the file if it's renamed. If a file is copied the destination file will have integrity set if either the source file or destination directory have integrity set. Windows Server2008R2, Windows7, Windows Server2008, WindowsVista, Windows Server2003, and WindowsXP:This flag is not supported until Windows Server2012.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL 128 (0x80)	A file that does not have other attributes set. This attribute is valid only when used alone.普通
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED 8192 (0x2000)	The file or directory is not to be indexed by the content indexing service.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA 131072 (0x20000)	The user data stream not to be read by the background data integrity scanner (AKA scrubber). When set on a directory it only provides inheritance. This flag is only supported on Storage Spaces and ReFS volumes. It is not included in an ordinary directory listing. Windows Server2008R2, Windows7, Windows Server2008, WindowsVista, Windows Server2003, and WindowsXP:This flag is not supported until Windows8 and Windows Server2012.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE 4096 (0x1000)	The data of a file is not available immediately. This attribute indicates that the file data is physically moved to offline storage. This attribute is used by Remote Storage, which is the hierarchical storage management software. Applications should not arbitrarily change this attribute.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY 1 (0x1)	A file that is read-only. Applications can read the file, but cannot write to it or delete it. This attribute is not honored on directories. For more information, see You cannot view or change the Read-only or the System attributes of folders in Windows Server 2003, in Windows XP, in Windows Vista or in Windows 7.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT 1024 (0x400)	A file or directory that has an associated reparse point, or a file that is a symbolic link.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE 512 (0x200)	A file that is a sparse file.
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM 4 (0x4)	A file or directory that the operating system uses a part of, or uses exclusively.系统文件
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY 256 (0x100)	A file that is being used for temporary storage. File systems avoid writing data back to mass storage ifsufficient cache memory is available, because typically, an application deletes a temporary file after the handleis closed. In that scenario, the system can entirely avoid writing the data. Otherwise, the data is written afterthe handle is closed.临时文件
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL 65536 (0x10000)	This value is reserved for system use.虚拟文件（系

出自：https://baike.baidu.com/item/WIN32_FIND_DATA

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我的理解上述宏定义：

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE——文件包含归档属性。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED——文件和目录被压缩。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY——找到的是一个目录。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN——文件包含隐含属性。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL——文件没有其他属性。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY——文件包含只读属性。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM——文件包含系统属性。

●FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY——文件是一个临时文件

 

typedef struct _WIN32_FIND_DATA {

DWORD dwFileAttributes; //文件属性

FILETIME ftCreationTime; // 文件创建时间

FILETIME ftLastAccessTime; // 文件最后一次访问时间

FILETIME ftLastWriteTime; // 文件最后一次修改时间

DWORD nFileSizeHigh; // 文件长度高32位

DWORD nFileSizeLow; // 文件长度低32位

DWORD dwReserved0; // 系统保留

DWORD dwReserved1; // 系统保留

TCHAR cFileName[ MAX_PATH ]; // 文件名

TCHAR cAlternateFileName[ 14 ]; // 格式文件名

} WIN32_FIND_DATA, *PWIN32_FIND_DATA;

 

HANDLE FindFirstFile(

    LPCTSTR lpFileName,//filename

    LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData//databuffer

);

参数说明

LPCTSTR lpFileName文件名（包括路径）

LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData 指向一个用于保存文件信息的结构体

返回值

如果调用成功返回一个句柄，可用来做为FindNextFile或 FindClose参数

调用失败 返回为INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE(即-1) ,可调用GetLastError来获取错误信息

 

BOOL FindNextFile(

HANDLE hFindFile, //searchhandle

LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData //databuffer

);

参数说明

HANDLE hFindFile搜索的文件句柄 函数执行的时候搜索的是此句柄的下一文件

LPWIN32_FIND_DATA lpFindFileData 指向一个用于保存文件信息的结构体

 

返回值

非零表示成功，零表示失败。如不再有与指定条件相符的文件，会将GetLastError设置成ERROR_NO_MORE_FILES

 

上述参数解析来源百度百科，然后准备工作已备好，那么以下是实例，比较简单，没有改成通用的，修改并不难若有疑问/错误望大神提出：

header files:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string>

#define ParaPath "path"

source files：

#include "loadfileDemo.h"
#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <IO.h>

//缓存大小

#define LEN 1024

//给定路径查询该目录下所有文件，并输出文件名跟路径
bool find(char * lpPath)
{
　　char findPath[LEN];　　
　　WIN32_FIND_DATA FindFileData; //首先了解 WIN32_FIND_DATA结构
　　strcpy(findPath,lpPath);
　　strcat(findPath,"*.*");　　

　　HANDLE hFind=::FindFirstFile(findPath,&FindFileData);// 路径，查找缓冲区为形参
　　if(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFind) //查找失败 宏定义为无效值 0xFFFFFFFF 即-1
　　return false;

　　while(TRUE)
　　{
　　　　if(FindFileData.dwFileAttributes && FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) //判断是否是文件
　　{
　　　　　　if(FindFileData.cFileName[0]!='.')//排除根目录\.. \.
　　　　{
　　　　　　strcpy(findPath,lpPath);
　　　　　　strcat(findPath,FindFileData.cFileName);
　　　　　　printf("findPath:%s\n",findPath);
　　　　　　printf("FileData:%s\n",FindFileData.cFileName);
　　　　}
　　　　　　if(!FindNextFile(hFind,&FindFileData)) //目录不为空指针往后移动
　　　　　　　　break;
　　　　}
　　}
　　　　FindClose(hFind);
　　　　return true;
}

int main(void)
{
　　　　char *str = ParaPath;

　　　　　if(find(str)) //传入需要查找的路径
　　　　　　{
　　　　　　　　printf("success!\n");
　　　　　　　　}
　　　　　else
　　　　　　{
　　　　　　　　printf("fail!\n");
　　　　　　}
　　　　　　return 0;
}

注意：限定windows下使用，接口为windows提供的，若要跨平台可考虑Qt/C++