如何使用sharding-sphere完成读写分离和分库分表?

一.sharding-sphere配置读写分离

1.先搭建好一个MySQL的主从集群,可以参考[MySQL主从集群搭建]

2.在项目中导入相关依赖(记得刷新Maven)

<!--读写分离-->
<dependency>
	<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
	<artifactId>shardingsphere-jdbc-core-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
	<version>5.1.0</version>
</dependency>

3.编写一个application-sharding.yml配置文件,可以参考官方文档.但是推荐参考最新版本的,不然很多坑.当然也可以使用下面配置好的,亲测可用!!!

spring:
  shardingsphere:
    datasource:
      names: master1,slave1,slave2  # 指定所有数据源的名字
      master1:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource # 数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3306/qmall_product?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      slave1:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource # 数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3307/qmall_product?useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: root
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

      slave2:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource # 数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3308/qmall_product?useSSL=false
        username: root
        password: root
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    rules:
      readwrite-splitting:  # 配置读写分离规则
        data-sources:
          ds_0:   # 给一套集群起个名
            type: static
            props:
              auto-aware-data-source-name: master1
              write-data-source-name: master1
              read-data-source-names: slave1,slave2
            load-balancer-name: read-random
        load-balancers:
          read-random:
            type: ROUND_ROBIN # 轮询负载均衡
    props:
      sql-show: true # 是否打印sql
      sql-simple: true # 打印简单的sql

• 写完上面的配置文件别忘了在application.yml中激活引入一下

spring:
  profiles:
    include: sharding # 引入application-sharding.yml

4.编写测试代码

package com.qbb.qmall;

import com.qbb.qmall.model.product.BaseCategory1;
import com.qbb.qmall.product.ProductApplication;
import com.qbb.qmall.product.mapper.BaseCategoryMapper;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

/**
 * @author QiuQiu&LL (个人博客:https://www.cnblogs.com/qbbit)
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2022-05-29  15:48
 * @Description:
 */
@SpringBootTest(classes = ProductApplication.class)
public class ShardingTest {

    @Autowired
    private BaseCategoryMapper baseCategoryMapper;

    @Test
    public void write() {
        BaseCategory1 baseCategory1 = new BaseCategory1();
        baseCategory1.setName("qiuqiu");
        baseCategoryMapper.insert(baseCategory1);
    }
}

• 写数据是操作的master1库
  
  

• 下面测试一下读数据

 @Test
public void read() {
	BaseCategory1 one = baseCategoryMapper.selectById(18);
	System.out.println("one = " + one);
	BaseCategory1 two = baseCategoryMapper.selectById(18);
	System.out.println("two = " + two);
	BaseCategory1 three = baseCategoryMapper.selectById(18);
	System.out.println("three = " + three);
	BaseCategory1 four = baseCategoryMapper.selectById(18);
	System.out.println("four = " + four);
}

• 因为我们上面配置的是轮询的负载均衡策略,所以是如上效果

二.sharding-sphere配置分库分表

• 话不多说在上面的基础上直接修改配置文件,如下

spring:
  shardingsphere:
    datasource:  # 分库分两个库,分表分三张表
      names: order-0-w,order-0-r1,order-0-r2,order-1-w,order-1-r1,order-1-r2 #指定所有数据源的名字
      order-0-w:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3306/qmall_order_0?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      order-0-r1:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3307/qmall_order_0?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      order-0-r2:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3308/qmall_order_0?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      order-1-w:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3306/qmall_order_1?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      order-1-r1:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3307/qmall_order_1?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

      order-1-r2:
        type: com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource #数据源类型
        url: jdbc:mysql://192.168.137.137:3307/qmall_order_1?useSSL=false # 数据库连接地址
        username: root # 用户名
        password: root # 密码
        driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver # 数据库驱动

    rules:
      readwrite-splitting:  #配置读写分离规则
        data-sources:
          order_0_rw:   #给一套集群起个名
            type: static
            props:
              write-data-source-name: order-0-w
              read-data-source-names: order-0-r1,order-0-r2
            load-balancer-name: read-random
          order_1_rw:   #给一套集群起个名
            type: static
            props:
              write-data-source-name: order-1-w
              read-data-source-names: order-1-r1,order-1-r2
            load-balancer-name: read-random
        load-balancers:
          read-random:
            type: ROUND_ROBIN #轮询负载均衡

      #配置数据分片规则
      sharding:
        default-database-strategy:
          standard:
            sharding-column: user_id
            shardingAlgorithmName: user-id-db-shard

        tables:  #指定逻辑表规则
          order_info:
            actualDataNodes: order-$->{0..1}-w.order_info_$->{1..3}
            tableStrategy:
              standard:
                shardingColumn: user_id  #告诉sharing如果插入或者查询数据。根据那一列去那张表
                shardingAlgorithmName: user-id-table-shard

        sharding-algorithms:
          # 库分片规则
          user-id-db-shard:
            type: INLINE
            props:
              algorithm-expression: order-$->{user_id%2}-w
          # 表的分片规则
          user-id-table-shard:
            type: INLINE
            props:
              algorithm-expression: order_info_$->{user_id % 3 + 1}

    props:
      sql-show: true # 是否打印sql
      sql-simple: true # 打印简单的sql

• 分库
  
  
• 分表