题目

Given a binary tree, find the lowest common ancestor (LCA) of two given nodes in the tree.

思路

这一次说的是一个普通的二叉树,给出两个节点。求他们的最低公共父节点。

回忆一下,当这棵二叉树是二分查找树的时候的解决方式:

二分查找树解法:http://blog.csdn.net/langduhualangdu/article/details/47426339

没错。无论是二分查找树也好还是普通二叉树也好。他们的共同规律就是:所给出的两个节点一定在最低公共父节点的两側

那对于BST来说。能够通过大小进行比較推断是不是在当前节点的两側。普通二叉树怎样比較呢?

事实上,我们能够从反面去考虑这个事情:假设当前节点的某一側子树没有所给节点中的不论什么一个。那是不是就能肯定,该节点一定不是最低父节点(节点重合的情况另说),并且,所求节点一定在还有一側。

因此。我们能够这样:当前节点假设为null,返回null;假设为所给节点当中之中的一个,则返回该节点;否则,求出当前节点左子树的返回值和右子数的返回值,假设左右值都不为空。说明当前节点即为所求节点,否则,返回不为空的那个节点。

相同,当得到所求节点后。还是须要检查所在的树上是不是同一时候存在所给的两个节点。应该比較的是节点的地址而不是值。

代码

public boolean checkExist(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q){
if(root==null)
return false;
boolean pExist = false, qExist = false;
Queue<TreeNode> queue = new LinkedList<TreeNode>();
queue.add(root);
while(!queue.isEmpty()){
TreeNode treeNode = queue.poll();
if(treeNode==p)
pExist = true;
if(treeNode==q)
qExist = true;
if(pExist && qExist)
return true;
if(treeNode.left!=null)
queue.add(treeNode.left);
if(treeNode.right!=null)
queue.add(treeNode.right); }
return false;
}
public TreeNode lowestCommonAncestor(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q) {
TreeNode candidateNode = search(root, p, q);
if(checkExist(candidateNode,p,q))
return candidateNode;
else {
return null;
}
} public TreeNode search(TreeNode root, TreeNode p, TreeNode q){
if(root==null)
return null;
if(root==p || root==q){
return root;
} else{
TreeNode left = search(root.left, p, q);
TreeNode right = search(root.right, p, q);
if(left!=null && right!=null)
return root;
else {
return left!=null?left:right;
}
}
}

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