iOS - 系统权限(关键时刻很有用的)

iOS开发中权限问题：

• APP开发避免不开系统权限的问题，如何在APP以更加友好的方式向用户展示系统权限，似乎也是开发过程中值得深思的一件事；

• 那如何提高APP获取iOS系统权限的通过率呢？有以下几种方式:1.在用户打开APP时就向用户请求权限；2.告知用户授权权限后能够获得好处之后，再向用户请求权限；3.在绝对必要的情况下才向用户请求权限，例如：用户访问照片库时请求访问系统相册权限；4.在展示系统权限的对话框前，先向用户显示自定义的对话框，若用户选择不允许，默认无操作，若用户选择允许，再展示系统对话框。

• 上述情况在开发过程中是经常遇到的，不同方式的选择会影响最后用户交互体验。这一点感悟正是源于上一周工作遇到的问题：适配iOS10，如何获取应用联网权限用以管理系统对话框的显示管理。当我把这个问题解决后，感觉有必要将常用的iOS系统权限做一个总结，以便后用。

权限分类

• 联网权限
• 相册权限
• 相机、麦克风权限
• 定位权限
• 推送权限
• 通讯录权限
• 日历、备忘录权限

联网权限

1. 引入头文件 @import CoreTelephony;
2. 检查应用是否有联网功能

   CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
   CTCellularDataRestrictedState state = cellularData.restrictedState;
    switch (state) {
     case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricrted");
         break;
     case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
         break;
     case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
         NSLog(@"Unknown");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   }

3. 应用启动后，获取应用中是否有联网权限

   CTCellularData *cellularData = [[CTCellularData alloc]init];
   cellularData.cellularDataRestrictionDidUpdateNotifier =  ^(CTCellularDataRestrictedState state){
     //获取联网状态
     switch (state) {
         case kCTCellularDataRestricted:
             NSLog(@"Restricrted");
             break;
         case kCTCellularDataNotRestricted:
             NSLog(@"Not Restricted");
             break;
         case kCTCellularDataRestrictedStateUnknown:
             NSLog(@"Unknown");
             break;
         default:
             break;
     };
   };

相册权限--iOS 9.0之前

1. 导入头文件@import AssetsLibrary;

2. 检查是否有相册权限

   ALAuthorizationStatus status = [ALAssetsLibrary authorizationStatus];
   switch (status) {
     case ALAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         break;
     case ALAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied");
         break;
     case ALAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case ALAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
   
     default:
         break;
   }

相册权限--iOS 8.0之后

1. 导入头文件@import Photos;

2. 检查是否有相册权限

   PHAuthorizationStatus photoAuthorStatus = [PHPhotoLibrary authorizationStatus];
   switch (photoAuthorStatus) {
     case PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         break;
     case PHAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied");
         break;
     case PHAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case PHAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   };

3. 获取相册权限

    [PHPhotoLibrary requestAuthorization:^(PHAuthorizationStatus status) {
     if (status == PHAuthorizationStatusAuthorized) {
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
     }else{
         NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
     }
     }];

相机和麦克风权限

1. 导入头文件@import AVFoundation;

2. 检查是否有相机或麦克风权限

   AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo];//相机权限
   AVAuthorizationStatus AVstatus = [AVCaptureDevice authorizationStatusForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio];//麦克风权限
   
   switch (AVstatus) {
     case AVAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         break;
     case AVAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied");
         break;
     case AVAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case AVAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   }

3. 获取相机或麦克风权限

   [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeVideo completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//相机权限
     if (granted) {
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
     }else{
         NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
     }
   }];
   
   [AVCaptureDevice requestAccessForMediaType:AVMediaTypeAudio completionHandler:^(BOOL granted) {//麦克风权限
     if (granted) {
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
     }else{
         NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
     }
   }];

定位权限

1. 导入头文件@import CoreLocation;
2. 由于iOS8.0之后定位方法的改变，需要在info.plist中进行配置；
3. 
4. 检查是否有定位权限

   BOOL isLocation = [CLLocationManager locationServicesEnabled];
   if (!isLocation) {
     NSLog(@"not turn on the location");
   }
   CLAuthorizationStatus CLstatus = [CLLocationManager authorizationStatus];
   switch (CLstatus) {
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
         NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
         NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   }

5. 获取定位权限

   CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
   [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];//一直获取定位信息
   [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization];//使用的时候获取定位信息

6. 在代理方法中查看权限是否改变

   - (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didChangeAuthorizationStatus:(CLAuthorizationStatus)status{
    switch (status) {
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedAlways:
         NSLog(@"Always Authorized");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusAuthorizedWhenInUse:
         NSLog(@"AuthorizedWhenInUse");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case kCLAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
     }
   
   }

推送权限

1. 检查是否有通讯权限

     UIUserNotificationSettings *settings = [[UIApplication sharedApplication] currentUserNotificationSettings];
   switch (settings.types) {
     case UIUserNotificationTypeNone:
         NSLog(@"None");
         break;
     case UIUserNotificationTypeAlert:
         NSLog(@"Alert Notification");
         break;
     case UIUserNotificationTypeBadge:
         NSLog(@"Badge Notification");
         break;
     case UIUserNotificationTypeSound:
         NSLog(@"sound Notification'");
         break;
   
     default:
         break;
   }

2. 获取推送权限

   UIUserNotificationSettings *setting = [UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil];
   [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerUserNotificationSettings:setting];

通讯录权限

iOS9.0之前

1. 导入头文件 @import AddressBook;

2. 检查是否有通讯录权限

   ABAuthorizationStatus ABstatus = ABAddressBookGetAuthorizationStatus();
   switch (ABstatus) {
     case kABAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         break;
     case kABAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied'");
         break;
     case kABAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case kABAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   }

3. 获取通讯录权限

   ABAddressBookRef addressBook = ABAddressBookCreateWithOptions(NULL, NULL);
   ABAddressBookRequestAccessWithCompletion(addressBook, ^(bool granted, CFErrorRef error) {
     if (granted) {
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         CFRelease(addressBook);
     }else{
         NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
     }
   });

iOS9.0及以后

1. 导入头文件 @import Contacts;
2. 检查是否有通讯录权限

   CNAuthorizationStatus status = [CNContactStore authorizationStatusForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts];
     switch (status) {
           case CNAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
           {
               NSLog(@"Authorized:");
           }
               break;
           case CNAuthorizationStatusDenied:{
               NSLog(@"Denied");
           }
               break;
           case CNAuthorizationStatusRestricted:{
               NSLog(@"Restricted");
           }
               break;
           case CNAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:{
                NSLog(@"NotDetermined");
           }
               break;
   
          }

3. 获取通讯录权限

   CNContactStore *contactStore = [[CNContactStore alloc] init];
       [contactStore requestAccessForEntityType:CNEntityTypeContacts completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
           if (granted) {
   
              NSLog(@"Authorized");
   
           }else{
   
              NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
           }
       }];

日历、备忘录权限

1. 导入头文件

2. 检查是否有日历或者备忘录权限

3.  typedef NS_ENUM(NSUInteger, EKEntityType) {
     EKEntityTypeEvent,//日历
     EKEntityTypeReminder //备忘
    };

4. EKAuthorizationStatus EKstatus = [EKEventStore  authorizationStatusForEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent];
   switch (EKstatus) {
     case EKAuthorizationStatusAuthorized:
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
         break;
     case EKAuthorizationStatusDenied:
         NSLog(@"Denied'");
         break;
     case EKAuthorizationStatusNotDetermined:
         NSLog(@"not Determined");
         break;
     case EKAuthorizationStatusRestricted:
         NSLog(@"Restricted");
         break;
     default:
         break;
   }

5. 获取日历或备忘录权限

   EKEventStore *store = [[EKEventStore alloc]init];
   [store requestAccessToEntityType:EKEntityTypeEvent completion:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
     if (granted) {
         NSLog(@"Authorized");
     }else{
         NSLog(@"Denied or Restricted");
     }
   }];

最后一点

• 素有获取权限的方法，多用于用户第一次操作应用，iOS 8.0之后，将这些设置都整合在一起，并且可以开启或关闭相应的权限。所有的权限都可以通过下面的方法打开：

  [[UIApplication sharedApplication] openURL:[NSURL URLWithString:UIApplicationOpenSettingsURLString]];

还有蓝牙...等