GaussDB(DWS)性能调优：indexscan导致的性能问题识别与优化

摘要：通常跑批加工场景下，都是大数量做关联操作，通常不建议使用索引。有些时候因为计划误判导致使用索引的可能会导致严重的性能问题。本文从一个典型的索引导致性能的场景重发，剖析此类问题的特征，定位方法和解决方法

本文分享自华为云社区《GaussDB(DWS)性能调优：indexscan导致的性能问题识别与优化 #【玩转PB级数仓GaussDB(DWS)】》，作者： 譡里个檔 。

通常跑批加工场景下，都是大数量做关联操作，通常不建议使用索引。有些时候因为计划误判导致使用索引的可能会导致严重的性能问题。本文从一个典型的索引导致性能的场景重发，剖析此类问题的特征，定位方法和解决方法。

1）在某局点POC测试时发现某SQL语句比较慢，原始SQL如下

WITH
/**
etl_116583_7960703_994644
**/
LOADABLE as (select "boq_rel_type_id","to_pu_id","to_version","cycle_id",
 "part_offset_flag","to_boq_id","descr","from_contract_id",
 "from_version","from_pu_id","ss_id","to_contract_id",
 "from_boq_id","enable_flag","last_update_date"
 from (SELECT /*+ PARALLEL(4)*/
    BOQ_REL.FROM_BOQ_ID,
    BOQ_REL.TO_BOQ_ID,
    BOQ_REL.FROM_PU_ID,
    BOQ_REL.TO_PU_ID,
    BOQ_REL.PART_OFFSET_FLAG,
    BOQ_REL.DESCR,
    BOQ_REL.SS_ID,
    BOQ_REL.CYCLE_ID,
 NVL(BOQ_REL.FROM_VERSION, 'SNULL') FROM_VERSION,
 NVL(BOQ_REL.TO_VERSION, 'SNULL') TO_VERSION,
    BOQ_REL.LAST_UPDATE_DATE,
    FROM_CON.CONTRACT_ID AS FROM_CONTRACT_ID,
    TO_CON.CONTRACT_ID AS TO_CONTRACT_ID,
    CLA.CLASS_ID AS BOQ_REL_TYPE_ID,
    BOQ_REL.ENABLE_FLAG
FROM (SELECT A.FROM_BOQ_ID,
                   A.TO_BOQ_ID,
 A.FROM_PU_ID,
                   A.TO_PU_ID,
 A.FROM_CONTRACT_NUMBER,
                   A.TO_CONTRACT_NUMBER,
                   A.BOQ_REL_TYPE_CODE,
                   A.PART_OFFSET_FLAG,
 A.DESCR,
 A.SS_ID,
 A.FROM_VERSION,
                   A.TO_VERSION,
 A.LAST_UPDATE_DATE,
 A.CYCLE_ID,
 A.ENABLE_FLAG,
 DECODE(A.SS_ID, 2820, 2600, A.SS_ID) SS_ID_TMP,
                   ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY FROM_BOQ_ID, TO_BOQ_ID, FROM_PU_ID, TO_PU_ID, FROM_CONTRACT_NUMBER, TO_CONTRACT_NUMBER, BOQ_REL_TYPE_CODE, FROM_VERSION, TO_VERSION
 ORDER BY DECODE(A.SS_ID, 2820, 1, 2600, 2, 3)) RN
 FROM LDB_MD_BOQ_REL A) BOQ_REL,
           (SELECT CONTRACT_ID,
                   HW_CONTRACT_NUM,
                   SS_ID
 FROM DWI_MD_CONTRACT
 WHERE CONTRACT_ID IS NOT NULL
 AND END_TIME = TO_DATE('4712-12-31', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) FROM_CON,
           (SELECT CONTRACT_ID,
                   HW_CONTRACT_NUM,
                   SS_ID
 FROM DWI_MD_CONTRACT
 WHERE CONTRACT_ID IS NOT NULL
 AND END_TIME = TO_DATE('4712-12-31', 'YYYY-MM-DD')) TO_CON,
           (SELECT CLASS_ID,
                   CODE,
                   CLASS_TYPE_ID,
                   SS_ID
 FROM DWI_MD_CLASS
 WHERE CLASS_TYPE_ID = 193) CLA
 WHERE BOQ_REL.RN = 1
 AND BOQ_REL.FROM_CONTRACT_NUMBER = FROM_CON.HW_CONTRACT_NUM
 AND BOQ_REL.SS_ID = FROM_CON.SS_ID
 AND BOQ_REL.TO_CONTRACT_NUMBER = TO_CON.HW_CONTRACT_NUM
 AND BOQ_REL.SS_ID = TO_CON.SS_ID
 AND BOQ_REL.BOQ_REL_TYPE_CODE = CLA.CODE
 AND BOQ_REL.SS_ID_TMP = CLA.SS_ID
    ) t
),
BEFORE_TARGET as (select "from_contract_id","from_pu_id","ss_id","from_boq_id","from_version","to_version",
 "crt_cycle_id","to_pu_id","to_boq_id","del_flag","last_upd_cycle_id","last_update_date",
 "descr","enable_flag","crt_job_instance_id","dq_improve_flag","upd_job_instance_id",
 "to_contract_id","part_offset_flag","boq_rel_type_id"
 from (SELECT /*+PARALLEL(4)*/
     FROM_BOQ_ID,
     TO_BOQ_ID,
     FROM_PU_ID,
     TO_PU_ID,
     FROM_CONTRACT_ID,
     TO_CONTRACT_ID,
     BOQ_REL_TYPE_ID,
     PART_OFFSET_FLAG,
     DESCR,
     SS_ID,
     CRT_CYCLE_ID,
     LAST_UPD_CYCLE_ID,
     DEL_FLAG,
     DQ_IMPROVE_FLAG,
     CRT_JOB_INSTANCE_ID,
     UPD_JOB_INSTANCE_ID,
 NVL(FROM_VERSION, 'SNULL') FROM_VERSION,
 NVL(TO_VERSION, 'SNULL') TO_VERSION,
     LAST_UPDATE_DATE,
     ENABLE_FLAG
 FROM DWI_MD_BOQ_REL
    ) t
),
CDC as (select LOADABLE."ss_id",LOADABLE."from_version",LOADABLE."from_boq_id",
    LOADABLE."part_offset_flag",LOADABLE."from_pu_id",
 case when BEFORE_TARGET.BOQ_REL_TYPE_ID is null and BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_BOQ_ID is null
 and BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_CONTRACT_ID is null and BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_PU_ID is null
 and BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_VERSION is null
 and BEFORE_TARGET.TO_BOQ_ID is null and BEFORE_TARGET.TO_CONTRACT_ID is null
 and BEFORE_TARGET.TO_PU_ID is null and BEFORE_TARGET.TO_VERSION is null
 then 1
 else 3
 end as "change_code",
    LOADABLE."to_version",LOADABLE."boq_rel_type_id",
    LOADABLE."from_contract_id",LOADABLE."to_contract_id",
    LOADABLE."descr",LOADABLE."last_update_date",
    LOADABLE."to_pu_id",LOADABLE."enable_flag",LOADABLE."cycle_id",
    LOADABLE."to_boq_id"
from LOADABLE
left join BEFORE_TARGET on LOADABLE.BOQ_REL_TYPE_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.BOQ_REL_TYPE_ID
 and LOADABLE.FROM_BOQ_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_BOQ_ID and LOADABLE.FROM_CONTRACT_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_CONTRACT_ID
 and LOADABLE.FROM_PU_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_PU_ID and LOADABLE.FROM_VERSION = BEFORE_TARGET.FROM_VERSION
 and LOADABLE.TO_BOQ_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.TO_BOQ_ID and LOADABLE.TO_CONTRACT_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.TO_CONTRACT_ID
 and LOADABLE.TO_PU_ID = BEFORE_TARGET.TO_PU_ID and LOADABLE.TO_VERSION = BEFORE_TARGET.TO_VERSION
),
TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U as (select CDC."to_pu_id",CDC."boq_rel_type_id",CDC."ss_id",
 Current_Timestamp() as "dw_last_update_date",CDC."to_version",
    CDC."from_version",20230104000000 as "last_upd_cycle_id",
    CDC."from_contract_id",CDC."last_update_date",CDC."descr",
 'N' as "del_flag",CDC."from_boq_id",CDC."to_boq_id",
    CDC."enable_flag",CDC."from_pu_id",-1 as "upd_job_instance_id",
 'N' as "dq_improve_flag",CDC."to_contract_id",
    CDC."part_offset_flag"
from CDC where CDC.change_code=3
)
update DWI_MD_BOQ_REL TARGET_U
set "dq_improve_flag" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."dq_improve_flag",
 "dw_last_update_date" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."dw_last_update_date",
 "upd_job_instance_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."upd_job_instance_id",
 "descr" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."descr",
 "part_offset_flag" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."part_offset_flag",
 "last_update_date" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."last_update_date",
 "del_flag" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."del_flag",
 "last_upd_cycle_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."last_upd_cycle_id",
 "enable_flag" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."enable_flag",
 "ss_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."ss_id"
from TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U
where TARGET_U."boq_rel_type_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."boq_rel_type_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_version" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_version"
 and TARGET_U."to_version" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_version"
 and TARGET_U."to_pu_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_pu_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_pu_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_pu_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_contract_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_contract_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_contract_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_contract_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_boq_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_boq_id"
 and TARGET_U."to_boq_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."to_boq_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_version" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_version"
 and TARGET_U."from_version" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_version"
 and TARGET_U."from_pu_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_pu_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_pu_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_pu_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_contract_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_contract_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_contract_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_contract_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_boq_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_boq_id"
 and TARGET_U."from_boq_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."from_boq_id"
 and TARGET_U."boq_rel_type_id" = TFM_FILTER_DATA_TARGET_OUTPUT_U."boq_rel_type_id"
;

2）查询此query的topSQL信息的warning字段，发现SQL自诊断信息中有索引相关告警信息。

3）查询此query的topSQL信息(如下图)，分析历史执行信息，发现id=20的CStore Index Scan算子的耗时为90796.980ms，SQL执行总时长137135.658ms。CStore Index Scan算子的耗时占比为 66%

4）找到原始SQL语句，对查询语句中出现的表dwimd.dwi_md_contract 进行hint，强制其走顺序扫描，避免走indexscan（全量语句见附件）

5）对语句进行explain verbose，查看计划，发现计划符合预期（即表dwimd.dwi_md_contract走tablescan，对于列存表计划上显式为CStore Scan）

6）对语句执行EXPLAIN ANALYZE操作(即实际执行语句)，查看实际执行时间如下，发现SQL语句性能提升近10倍。全量的执行信息见附件

• 附件：hint后的explain analyze.txt14.76KB
• 附件：hint后的query.txt7.69KB

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