python基础知识-数字

数字分为：

整数（int）

长整型（long）

浮点型（float）

一，整数

整数（int）：即不带小数点的数字，如 12 ，45 ，0 ，3

#!/usr/bin/env python

class int(object):
    """
    int(x=0) -> integer
    int(x, base=10) -> integer

    Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
    are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
    numbers, this truncates towards zero.

    If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
    bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
    given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
    by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
    Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
    >>> int('0b100', base=0)
    4
    """
    def bit_length(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
		''' 返回数字转变为二进制后所站的最小位数，即前面的0不计算在内'''

        int.bit_length() -> int

        Number of bits necessary to represent self in binary.
        >>> bin(37)
        '0b100101'
        >>> (37).bit_length()
        6
        """
        return 0

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Returns self, the complex conjugate of any int. """
		'''返回复数的共轭负数'''
        pass

    def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ abs(self) """
		'''返回值的绝对值 '''
        pass

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
		'''两个值相加 '''
        pass

    def __and__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self&value. """
		'''位运算与（&） '''
        pass

    def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ self != 0 """
		'''返回bool值 '''
        pass

    def __ceil__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Ceiling of an Integral returns itself. """
		'''  '''
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(self, value). """
		'''向除，得到商和余数的元组 '''
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
		'''相等 '''
        pass

    def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ float(self) """
		'''转变为浮点型 '''
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self//value. """
		'''运算符的地板除，得到商余数或小数不显示 '''
        pass

    def __format__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''内部调用 __new__ 方法或创建对象时传入参数使用'''
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
		'''大于等于 '''
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
		'''大于 '''
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
		'''如果对象object为哈希表类型，返回对象object的哈希值。哈希值为整数。在字典中，哈希值用于快速比较字典的键。两个数值相等，则哈希值也相等 '''
        pass

    def __index__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self converted to an integer, if self is suitable for use as an index into a list. """
		'''用于切片，数字无意义 '''
        pass

    def __init__(self, x, base=10): # known special case of int.__init__
		'''构造方法，执行 x = 10 或 x = int(10)时，自动调用'''
        """
        int(x=0) -> integer
        int(x, base=10) -> integer

        Convert a number or string to an integer, or return 0 if no arguments
        are given.  If x is a number, return x.__int__().  For floating point
        numbers, this truncates towards zero.

        If x is not a number or if base is given, then x must be a string,
        bytes, or bytearray instance representing an integer literal in the
        given base.  The literal can be preceded by '+' or '-' and be surrounded
        by whitespace.  The base defaults to 10.  Valid bases are 0 and 2-36.
        Base 0 means to interpret the base from the string as an integer literal.
        >>> int('0b100', base=0)
        4
        # (copied from class doc)
        """
        pass

    def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''转为整数'''
        """ int(self) """
        pass

    def __invert__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ ~self """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''小于等于'''
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''位运算符，左移位运算'''
        """ Return self<<value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''小于'''
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''取模，及余数'''
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''乘'''
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''正负转换'''
        """ -self """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''不等于'''
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __or__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''位运算‘或’'''
        """ Return self|value. """
        pass

    def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ +self """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """
        pass
##################################
#以下为上面的反向，及左右位置调换#
##################################
    def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

        """ Return value+self. """
        pass

    def __rand__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value&self. """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(value, self). """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''转化为解释器可读的形式'''
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value//self. """
        pass

    def __rlshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value<<self. """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value*self. """
        pass

    def __ror__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value|self. """
        pass

    def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Rounding an Integral returns itself.
        Rounding with an ndigits argument also returns an integer.
        """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """
        pass

    def __rrshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value>>self. """
        pass

    def __rshift__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>>value. """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value-self. """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value/self. """
        pass

    def __rxor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value^self. """
        pass
#############################################

    def __sizeof__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''返回内存大小，以位为单位'''
        """ Returns size in memory, in bytes """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''转换为人阅读的形式，如果没有适于人阅读的形式，则返回解释器阅读的形式'''
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''减'''
        """ Return self-value. """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''除'''
        """ Return self/value. """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''返回值，截取为整型的值，在整数中无意义'''
        """ Truncating an Integral returns itself. """
        pass

    def __xor__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self^value. """
        pass

    denominator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
	'''分母 = 1'''
    """the denominator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
	'''虚数'''
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    numerator = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
	'''分子 = 数字大小'''
    """the numerator of a rational number in lowest terms"""

    real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
	'''实数'''
    """the real part of a complex number"""

　　示例：

以下示例

a = 50

b = -47

c = 60

####

bit_length()

>>> bin(a)#转化为二进制数（0b二进制标识）
'0b110010'
>>> a.bit_length()
6

####

__abs__()

>>> a.__abs__()
50
>>> b.__abs__()
47

####

__abb__()

>>> a.__add__(b)
3

####

__and__()

>>> a & c
48
>>> a.__and__(c)
48

####

__bool__()

>>> a.__bool__()
True

>>> d = 0

>>> d.__bool__()
False

####

__divmod__()

>>> c.__divmod__(a)

(1, 10)

####

__eq__()

>>> a.__eq__(c)

False

>>> a.__eq__(50)

####

__float__()

>>> a.__float__()

50.0

####

__floordiv__()

>>> a.__floordiv__(4)

12

####

__ge__()

>>> a.__ge__(c)

False

>>> a.__ge__(34)

True

####

__int__()

>>> x = 34.5

>>> x.__int__()

34

####

__lshift__()

>>> a << 2

200

>>> a.__lshift__(2)

####

__mod__()

>>> a.__mod__(3)

2

>>> a % 3

2

####

__mul__()

>>> a * 3

150

>>> a.__mul__(3)

150

####

__neg__()

>>> a.__neg__()

-50

>>> b.__neg__()

47

####

二，长整型

长整型（long）：在python 3.X 版本和整数（int）合并了，里面的方法可以通用。

三，浮点型

浮点型（float）：即带小数点的数

#!/usr/bin/env python
class float(object):
    """
    float(x) -> floating point number

    Convert a string or number to a floating point number, if possible.
    """
    def as_integer_ratio(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
		'''返回值的最简比'''
        """
        float.as_integer_ratio() -> (int, int)

        Return a pair of integers, whose ratio is exactly equal to the original
        float and with a positive denominator.
        Raise OverflowError on infinities and a ValueError on NaNs.

        >>> (10.0).as_integer_ratio()
        (10, 1)
        >>> (0.0).as_integer_ratio()
        (0, 1)
        >>> (-.25).as_integer_ratio()
        (-1, 4)
        """
        pass

    def conjugate(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown

        """ Return self, the complex conjugate of any float. """
        pass

    def fromhex(self, string): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
		'''将十六进制字符串转化为浮点型'''
        """
        float.fromhex(string) -> float

        Create a floating-point number from a hexadecimal string.
        >>> float.fromhex('0x1.ffffp10')
        2047.984375
        >>> float.fromhex('-0x1p-1074')
        -5e-324
        """
        return 0.0

    def hex(self): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
		'''返回值的十六进制数'''
        """
        float.hex() -> string

        Return a hexadecimal representation of a floating-point number.
        >>> (-0.1).hex()
        '-0x1.999999999999ap-4'
        >>> 3.14159.hex()
        '0x1.921f9f01b866ep+1'
        """
        return ""

    def is_integer(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
		'''判断值是否是整型，如果是返回真'''
        """ Return True if the float is an integer. """
        pass

    def __abs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ abs(self) """
        pass

    def __add__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self+value. """
        pass

    def __bool__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ self != 0 """
        pass

    def __divmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(self, value). """
        pass

    def __eq__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self==value. """
        pass

    def __float__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ float(self) """
        pass

    def __floordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self//value. """
        pass

    def __format__(self, format_spec): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        float.__format__(format_spec) -> string

        Formats the float according to format_spec.
        """
        return ""

    def __getattribute__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return getattr(self, name). """
        pass

    def __getformat__(self, typestr): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        float.__getformat__(typestr) -> string

        You probably don't want to use this function.  It exists mainly to be
        used in Python's test suite.

        typestr must be 'double' or 'float'.  This function returns whichever of
        'unknown', 'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian' best describes the
        format of floating point numbers used by the C type named by typestr.
        """
        return ""

    def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        pass

    def __ge__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>=value. """
        pass

    def __gt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self>value. """
        pass

    def __hash__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return hash(self). """
        pass

    def __init__(self, x): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        pass

    def __int__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ int(self) """
        pass

    def __le__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<=value. """
        pass

    def __lt__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self<value. """
        pass

    def __mod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self%value. """
        pass

    def __mul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self*value. """
        pass

    def __neg__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ -self """
        pass

    @staticmethod # known case of __new__
    def __new__(*args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Create and return a new object.  See help(type) for accurate signature. """
        pass

    def __ne__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self!=value. """
        pass

    def __pos__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ +self """
        pass

    def __pow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(self, value, mod). """
        pass

    def __radd__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value+self. """
        pass

    def __rdivmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return divmod(value, self). """
        pass

    def __repr__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return repr(self). """
        pass

    def __rfloordiv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value//self. """
        pass

    def __rmod__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value%self. """
        pass

    def __rmul__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value*self. """
        pass

    def __round__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """
        Return the Integral closest to x, rounding half toward even.
        When an argument is passed, work like built-in round(x, ndigits).
        """
        pass

    def __rpow__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return pow(value, self, mod). """
        pass

    def __rsub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value-self. """
        pass

    def __rtruediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return value/self. """
        pass

    def __setformat__(self, typestr, fmt): # real signature unknown; restored from __doc__
        """
        float.__setformat__(typestr, fmt) -> None

        You probably don't want to use this function.  It exists mainly to be
        used in Python's test suite.

        typestr must be 'double' or 'float'.  fmt must be one of 'unknown',
        'IEEE, big-endian' or 'IEEE, little-endian', and in addition can only be
        one of the latter two if it appears to match the underlying C reality.

        Override the automatic determination of C-level floating point type.
        This affects how floats are converted to and from binary strings.
        """
        pass

    def __str__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return str(self). """
        pass

    def __sub__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self-value. """
        pass

    def __truediv__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return self/value. """
        pass

    def __trunc__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown
        """ Return the Integral closest to x between 0 and x. """
        pass

    imag = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the imaginary part of a complex number"""

    real = property(lambda self: object(), lambda self, v: None, lambda self: None)  # default
    """the real part of a complex number"""

　　浮点型其他方法和整数型的方法一样。

区别的有：

####

as_integer_ratio()

>>> a = 0.5
>>> a.as_integer_ratio()
(1, 2)

####

fromhex()

>>> float.fromhex('0xffff')
65535.0

####

hex()

>>> a = 65.0
>>> a.hex()
'0x1.0400000000000p+6'

####

>>> a = 65.0
>>> a.is_integer()
True
>>> b = 65.01
>>> b.is_integer()
False

####